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Author |
Guitet, S.; Blanc, L.; Trombe, P.J.; Lehallier, B. |
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Title |
Silvicultural Treatments in the Tropical Forests of Guiana: A Review of Ten Years of Trials |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bois For. Trop. |
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Volume |
63 |
Issue |
301 |
Pages |
7-19 |
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Keywords |
cutting cycle; thinning; stand dynamics; logging; French Guiana |
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This article reviews an experimental system set up in French Guiana to test different selective thinning methods that started ten to fifteen years after logging in order to reconstitute commercially viable stands within the shortest time. The thinning methods tested involve a combination of selective intervention within a radius of 10 metres around crop trees and systematic intervention applied uniformly to the entire forest parcel. The resulting thinning intensity produces an 8% to 45% reduction in basal area. While the growth of the residual stand is strongly boosted in all species and for all diameters, there is little change in basal area because of high mortality and lower recruitment of commercial species. Standing commercial capital, however, is strongly affected by the thinning operations as defined. In effect, these thinning methods that benefit crop stems do not meet the objective of shorter rotations in Guiana's tropical logging forests. On the other hand, the measurements made in under-treatment stands agree with those obtained at the Paracou experimental station and confirm the need to adopt long cutting cycles of more than fifty years to ensure that the extraction of valuable species is sustainable in the current logging context in French Guiana. |
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[Guitet, Stephane; Trombe, Pierre-Julien; Lehallier, Benoit] Direct Reg Guyane, Off Natl Forets, F-97307 Cayenne, France |
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CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR |
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0006-579X |
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ISI:000272488700002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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91 |
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Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Fournier, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Loiseau, A.; Le Breton, J.; Cerdan, P.; Estoup, A. |
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Title |
Reproductive system, social organization, human disturbance and ecological dominance in native populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
5059-5073 |
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Keywords |
biological invasion; clonality; human disturbance; parthenogenesis; social organization; Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Abstract |
The invasive ant species Wasmannia auropunctata displays both ecologically dominant and non-dominant populations within its native range. Three factors could theoretically explain the ecological dominance of some native populations of W. auropunctata: (i) its clonal reproductive system, through demographic and/or adaptive advantages; (ii) its unicolonial social organization, through lower intraspecific and efficient interspecific competition; (iii) the human disturbance of its native range, through the modification of biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. We used microsatellite markers and behavioural tests to uncover the reproductive modes and social organization of dominant and non-dominant native populations in natural and human-modified habitats. Microsatellite and mtDNA data indicated that dominant and non-dominant native populations (supercolonies as determined by aggression tests) of W. auropunctata did not belong to different evolutionary units. We found that the reproductive system and the social organization are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain W. auropunctata ecological dominance. Dominance rather seems to be set off by unknown ecological factors altered by human activities, as all dominant populations were recorded in human-modified habitats. The clonal reproductive system found in some populations of W. auropunctata may however indirectly contribute to its ecological dominance by allowing the species to expand its environmental niche, through the fixation over time of specific combinations of divergent male and female genotypes. Unicoloniality may rather promote the range expansion of already dominant populations than actually trigger ecological dominance. The W. auropunctata model illustrates the strong impact of human disturbance on species' ecological features and the adaptive potential of clonal reproductive systems. |
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[Foucaud, Julien; Fournier, Denis; Loiseau, Anne; Estoup, Arnaud] Montpellier SupAgro, Cirad, IRD, INRA,UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France, Email: julien.foucaud@legs.cnrs-gif.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0962-1083 |
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ISI:000272452700009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
191 |
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Fyllas, N.M.; Patino, S.; Baker, T.R.; Nardoto, G.B.; Martinelli, L.A.; Quesada, C.A.; Paiva, R.; Schwarz, M.; Horna, V.; Mercado, L.M.; Santos, A.; Arroyo, L.; Jimenez, E.M.; Luizao, F.J.; Neill, D.A.; Silva, N.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Silviera, M.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Malhi, Y.; Phillips, O.L.; Lloyd, J. |
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Title |
Basin-wide variations in foliar properties of Amazonian forest: phylogeny, soils and climate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2677-2708 |
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Abstract |
We analysed 1040 individual trees, located in 62 plots across the Amazon Basin for leaf mass per unit area (M-A), foliar carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13) and leaf level concentrations of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Al. All trees were identified to the species level with the dataset containing 58 families, 236 genera and 508 species, distributed across a wide range of soil types and precipitation regimes. Some foliar characteristics such as M-A, [C], [N] and [Mg] emerge as highly constrained by the taxonomic affiliation of tree species, but with others such as [P], [K], [Ca] and delta C-13 also strongly influenced by site growing conditions. By removing the environmental contribution to trait variation, we find that intrinsic values of most trait pairs coordinate, although different species ( characterised by different trait suites) are found at discrete locations along a common axis of coordination. Species that tend to occupy higher fertility soils are characterised by a lower M-A and have a higher intrinsic [N], [P], [K], [Mg] and delta C-13 than their lower fertility counterparts. Despite this consistency, different scaling patterns were observed between low and high fertility sites. Inter-relationships are thus substantially modified by growth environment. Analysing the environmental component of trait variation, we found soil fertility to be the most important predictor, influencing all leaf nutrient concentrations and delta C-13 and reducing M-A. Mean annual temperature was negatively associated with leaf level [N], [P] and [K] concentrations. Total annual precipitation positively influences M-A, [C] and delta C-13, but with a negative impact on [Mg]. These results provide a first basis for understanding the relationship between the physiological functioning and distribution of tree species across Amazonia. |
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[Fyllas, N. M.; Baker, T. R.; Quesada, C. A.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Phillips, O. L.; Lloyd, J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: n.fyllas@leeds.ac.uk |
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COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS |
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1726-4170 |
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Notes |
ISI:000272232200025 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
92 |
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Author |
Fortunel, C.; Violle, C.; Rourmet, C.; Buatois, B.; Navas, M.L.; Garnier, E. |
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Title |
Allocation strategies and seed traits are hardly affected by nitrogen supply in 18 species differing in successional status |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
267-283 |
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Keywords |
Allometry; Reproductive output; Seed mass; Nitrogen concentration of organs; Succession; Nitrogen supply |
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Species performance depends on ecological strategies, revealed by suites of traits, conferring different relative ecological advantages in different environments. Although current knowledge on plant strategies along successional gradients is derived from studies conducted in situ, actually quantifying these strategies requires disentangling the effects of environmental factors from intrinsic differences between species. Here we tested whether allocation strategies and seed traits differ among successional stages and nitrogen levels. To this aim, we assessed biomass and nitrogen allocations and seed traits variations for 18 species, differing in life history and belonging to three stages of a Mediterranean old-field succession. These species were grown as monocultures in an experimental garden under limiting and non-limiting nitrogen supply. Early successional species allocated allometrically more nitrogen and proportionally more biomass to reproduction, and set more seeds than later successional species. Seed mass increased with successional status and was negatively related to seed number. Early successional species thus produced more but less-provisioned seeds, suggesting better colonization abilities. These patterns were not the sole consequence of the replacement of annuals by perennials along the successional gradient, since comparable trends were also observed within each life history. Allocation patterns were generally not altered by nitrogen supply and the higher nitrogen content in vegetative organs of plants grown under high nitrogen supply was not retranslocated from leaves to seeds during seed development. We therefore conclude that differences in plant ecological strategies in species characteristics from contrasting successional stages appear to be intrinsic properties of the studied species, and independent from environmental conditions. (c) 2009 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
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[Fortunel, Claire; Violle, Cyrille; Rourmet, Catherine; Buatois, Bruno; Garnier, Eric] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf |
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ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG |
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1433-8319 |
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Notes |
ISI:000271799900003 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
93 |
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Author |
Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Castillo, D.; Estevez, Y.; Lancha-Tangoa, A.; Alban-Castillo, J.; Deharo, E.; Rojas, R.; Stien, D.; Sauvain, M. |
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Title |
Ta'ta', Huayani: Perception of leishmaniasis and evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita in Peru. Part II |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
149-158 |
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Keywords |
Leishmaniasis; Medicinal plants; Traditional medicine; Chayahuita; Peru |
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Aim of the study v: A knowledge attitude and practice study centred on leishmaniasis and its treatment was performed among the Chayahuita, in Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group living in ail endemic area. This study documents traditional Chayahuita plant's use and disease concepts. Also, activity of some medicinal Plants Used by the Chayahuita is highlighted and discussed. Materials and methods: Ninety-three Chayahuita people were interviewed, following a semi-structured questionnaire focussed oil disease knowledge and perception, personal attitude and healing practices. Simultaneously, a collection of plants was performed in different ecotopes, in order to make ail extensive inventory of the pharmacopoeia. Results: For the Chayahuita, cutaneous (CL) and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are considered as diseases of their own, with specific names, aetiologics, mode of transmission. Regarding CL, Chayahuita people consider that the humid characteristic of the Skill ulcer is a discriminative fact orienting the diagnostic for Ta'ta' (leishmaniasis). Forty-six different species were designated useful against LC and /or MCL (29 species by means of the questionnaire and 27 species when collecting in different ecotopes). Thirty-seven extracts corresponding to 31 Species used medicinally were screened in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes, assessing their viability by the reduction Of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Six species displayed a good activity (10 μg/ml < IC50 < 20 μg/ml): all undetermined hemi-epiphytic Clusiaceae. Cybianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), two Piper, Piper sanguineispicum Trel., and Piper loretoanum Trel. (Piperaceae), Desmodium axillare Sw. DC. (Fabaceae), and Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill (Asteraceae). Conclusion: Perception of leishmaniasis, attitude. treatments and diet prohibitions still largely reflects traditional Chayahuita cosmovision, even if some tentative of bio-medical re-interpretation is arising. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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[Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Estevez, Y.; Deharo, E.; Sauvain, M.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152, Lab Pharmacochim Subst Nat & Pharmacophores Redox, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: Genevieve.bourdy@ird.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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Notes |
ISI:000271790800020 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
95 |
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Author |
Houel, E.; Bertani, S.; Bourdy, G.; Deharo, E.; Jullian, V.; Valentin, A.; Chevalley, S.; Stien, D. |
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Title |
Quassinoid constituents of Quassia amara L. leaf herbal tea. Impact on its antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
114-118 |
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Keywords |
Quassia amara L.; Simaroubaceae; Leaf tea; Antimalarial activity; Cytotoxicity; Simalikalactone D |
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Abstract |
Aim of the study: Our objective was to assess whether it could be contemplated to recommend Quassia amara young leaf tea for treatment against malaria. and if yes. set up a standard protocol for preparing the herbal tea. Materials and methods: The leaf tea was extracted with methylene chloride and the organic extract was fractionated with HPLC. Pure compounds were characterized and their in vitro cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activity was determined. Results and discussion: We discovered that antimalarial Quassia amara young leaf tea contains several quassinoids: simalikalactone D (SkD. 1), picrasin B (2). picrasin H (3), neoquassin (4), quassin (5), picrasin 1(6) and picrasin J (7). These last two compounds are new. In addition. our experiments demonstrate that both biological activity and cytotoxicity of the remedy may be attributed solely to the presence of SkD. Conclusion: In conclusion, this preparation Should not be recommended for treatment of malaria until a clinical Study in humans is performed with SkD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved |
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Address |
[Stien, Didier] Univ Antilles Guyane, CNRS, UMR Ecofog, Inst Enseignement Super Guyane, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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Notes |
ISI:000271790800015 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
94 |
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Author |
Szilagyi, A.; Scheuring, I.; Edwards, D.P.; Orivel, J.; Yu, D.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intermediate castration virulence and ant coexistence in a spatially structured environment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Lett. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1306-1316 |
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Keywords |
Cooperation; evolution of virulence; host-pathogen; mutualism; myrmecophyte; parasite; rock-paper-scissors; spatial games; tolerance; trade-off |
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Abstract |
Theory suggests that spatial structuring should select for intermediate levels of virulence in parasites, but empirical tests are rare and have never been conducted with castration (sterilizing) parasites. To test this theory in a natural landscape, we construct a spatially explicit model of the symbiosis between the ant-plant Cordia nodosa and its two, protecting ant symbionts, Allomerus and Azteca. Allomerus is also a castration parasite, preventing fruiting to increase colony fecundity. Limiting the dispersal of Allomerus and host plant selects for intermediate castration virulence. Increasing the frequency of the mutualist, Azteca, selects for higher castration virulence in Allomerus, because seeds from Azteca-inhabited plants are a public good that Allomerus exploits. These results are consistent with field observations and, to our knowledge, provide the first empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that spatial structure can reduce castration virulence and the first such evidence in a natural landscape for either mortality or castration virulence. |
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[Edwards, David P.; Yu, Douglas W.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England, Email: dougwyu@gmail.com |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1461-023X |
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Notes |
ISI:000271631500006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
192 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Derycke, M.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Bot. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
4397-4410 |
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Keywords |
Biomechanics; French Guiana; functional diversity; gravitropism; reaction wood; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Gravitropism is necessary for plants to control the orientation of their axes while they grow in height. In woody plants, stem re-orientations are costly because they are achieved through diameter growth. The functional diversity of gravitropism was studied to check if the mechanisms involved and their efficiency may contribute to the differentiation of height growth strategies between forest tree species at the seedling stage. Seedlings of eight tropical species were grown tilted in a greenhouse, and their up-righting movement and diameter growth were measured over three months. Morphological, anatomical, and biomechanical traits were measured at the end of the survey. Curvature analysis was used to analyse the up-righting response along the stems. Variations in stem curvature depend on diameter growth, size effects, the increase in self-weight, and the efficiency of the gravitropic reaction. A biomechanical model was used to separate these contributions. Results showed that (i) gravitropic movements were based on a common mechanism associated to similar dynamic patterns, (ii) clear differences in efficiency (defined as the change in curvature achieved during an elementary diameter increment for a given stem diameter) existed between species, (iii) the equilibrium angle of the stem and the anatomical characters associated with the efficiency of the reaction also differed between species, and (iv) the differences in gravitropic reaction were related to the light requirements: heliophilic species, compared to more shade-tolerant species, had a larger efficiency and an equilibrium angle closer to vertical. This suggests that traits determining the gravitropic reaction are related to the strategy of light interception and may contribute to the differentiation of ecological strategies promoting the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical rainforests. |
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Address |
[Almeras, Tancrede; Derycke, Morgane; Jaouen, Gaelle] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Publisher |
OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0022-0957 |
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Notes |
ISI:000271389400017 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
96 |
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Author |
Kenne, M.; Feneron, R.; Djieto-Lordon, C.; Malherbe, M.C.; Tindo, M.; Ngnegueu, P.R.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Nesting and foraging habits in the arboreal ant Atopomyrmex mocquerysi ANDRE, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Myrmecological News |
Abbreviated Journal |
Myrmecol. News |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109-115 |
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Keywords |
Cameroon; wood-excavating ant; nest site selection; pest ant; predatory behavior; rhythm of activity; life history |
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Abstract |
Atopomyrmex mocquerysi ANDRE, 1889 is a West-Central African wood-excavating myrmicine species whose colonies construct galleries in the main live branches of their host trees, causing the distal parts of these branches to dry out. In southeastern Cameroon, this species was mainly found in woody savannahs that are burned annually. It was also present in the canopy of a secondary forest, but was relatively rare on trees growing along forest edges and entirely absent from the canopy of an old-growth forest. It was absent from oil palm and coffee tree plantations, rare on cocoa trees. present on 0.2% to 5.3% of the avocado, guava, mango and Citrus spp. trees monitored, and frequent on safoo trees (12.4%). A fire in a mango plantation seems to have favored its presence. The colonies generally exploit Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, and Stictococcidae. Workers forage for prey diurnally, mostly on the ground. Their predatory behavior is characterized by detection through contact. Workers recruit nestmates at short-range (within range of an alarm pheromone), rarely at long-range, after which they spread-eagle the prey and immediately cut it up on the spot. Individual workers retrieve the prey pieces. Unlike other territorially-dominant arboreal ants, A. mocquerysi is a threat to host trees because. in addition to being a wood-excavating species, its workers only slightly protect the foliage of their host tree from herbivorous insects since they mostly hunt on the ground. |
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[Kenne, Martin; Tindo, Maurice] Univ Douala, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Organismes Anim, Douala, Cameroon, Email: medoum68@yahoo.fr |
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OESTERREICHISCHE GESELL ENTOMOFAUNISTIK, C/O NATURHISTOR MUSEUM WIEN |
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1994-4136 |
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ISI:000271357700012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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97 |
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Cohen, M.C.L.; Behling, H.; Lara, R.J.; Smith, C.B.; Matos, H.R.S.; Vedel, V. |
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Impact of sea-level and climatic changes on the Amazon coastal wetlands during the late Holocene |
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2009 |
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Vegetation History and Archaeobotany |
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Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. |
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18 |
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6 |
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425-439 |
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Mangrove; Marajo Island; Pollen analysis; Sea-level |
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Wetland dynamics in northern Brazil during the Holocene were studied by pollen analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating of three cores. Near the Amazon mouth region, covered mainly by primary Amazon coastal forest and herbaceous vegetation, the pollen record indicates the dominance of mangroves between 4800 and 1100 cal yr B.P. A contraction of the mangrove area and an expansion of herbaceous and fern vegetation occurred between 1100 and 750 cal yr B.P. The period between 750 and 200 cal yr B.P. is characterized by an expansion of mangrove and a decrease in herbaceous and fern vegetation. This trend continued until the present. On Atalaia Island, the sediment core indicates a period with poor pollen preservation between 830 and 630 cal yr B.P. Between 630 and 330 cal yr B.P., mangroves expanded. Later, up to 45 cal yr B.P., the mangrove area decreased and the herbaceous vegetation expanded. During the last hundred years, the relative sea-level rise most probably favored the mangrove expansion as far as the topographically highest sector on this island, while the herbaceous vegetation decreased. The pollen data from Agua Preta Lake indicate dry conditions, as reflected by the poor pollen preservation between 390 and 240 cal yr B.P. Between 240 and 60 cal yr B.P., restinga and Amazon coastal forest with palms dominated this region. For the last 120 years, the record indicates an expansion of the mangrove area. However, recent confinement of mangrove development to the topographically highest area, and the loss of mangrove areas on the lowest surfaces have led to a net loss of mangrove coverage during the last decades. |
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[Lisboa Cohen, Marcelo Cancela; Smith, Clarisse Beltrao; Soares Matos, Hellen Rosy] Fed Univ Para, Postgrad Program Geol & Geochem, Lab Coastal Dynam, BR-66077530 Belem, PA, Brazil, Email: mcohen@ufpa.br |
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0939-6314 |
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ISI:000271191800001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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193 |
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