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Author Nasr, H.; Domenach, A.M.; Ghorbel, M.H.; Benson, D.R.
Title Divergence in symbiotic interactions between same genotypic PCR-RFLP Frankia strains and different Casuarinaceae species under natural conditions Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Physiologia Plantarum Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Plant.
Volume 130 Issue 3 Pages 400-408
Keywords
Abstract The symbiotic interactions between Frankia strains and their associated plants from the Casuarinaceae under controlled conditions are well documented but little is known about these interactions under natural conditions. We explored the symbiotic interactions between eight genotypically characterized Frankia strains and five Casuarinaceae species in long-term field trials. Characterization of strains was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the nifD-nifK intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S-23S ITS. Assessments of the symbiotic interactions were based on nodulation patterns using nodule dry weight and viability, and on actual N-2 fixation using the delta N-15 method. The PCR-RFLP patterns showed that the analyzed strains belonged to the same genotypic group (CeD group), regardless of the host species and environment of origin. The nodule viability index is introduced as a new tool to measure the viability of perennial nodules and to predict their effectiveness. The host Casuarinaceae species was a key factor influencing both the actual N-2-fixing activity of the associated Frankia strain and the viability of nodules within a location. This is the first study providing information on the symbiotic interactions between genotypically characterized Frankia strains and actinorhizal plants under natural conditions. The results revealed a way to improve a long-term management of the Casuarinaceae symbiosis.
Address Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06279 USA, Email: david.benson@uconn.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher BLACKWELL PUBLISHING Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-9317 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000247206100010 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 161
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Author Coutand, C.; Fournier, M.; Moulia, B.
Title The gravitropic response of poplar trunks: Key roles of prestressed wood regulation and the relative kinetics of cambial growth versus wood maturation Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Plant Physiology Abbreviated Journal Plant Physiol.
Volume 144 Issue 2 Pages 1166-1180
Keywords
Abstract In tree trunks, the motor of gravitropism involves radial growth and differentiation of reaction wood (Archer, 1986). The first aim of this study was to quantify the kinematics of gravitropic response in young poplar (Populus nigra x Populus deltoides, 'I4551') by measuring the kinematics of curvature fields along trunks. Three phases were identified, including latency, upward curving, and an anticipative autotropic decurving, which has been overlooked in research on trees. The biological and mechanical bases of these processes were investigated by assessing the biomechanical model of Fournier et al. (1994). Its application at two different time spans of integration made it possible to test hypotheses on maturation, separating the effects of radial growth and cross section size from those of wood prestressing. A significant correlation between trunk curvature and Fournier's model integrated over the growing season was found, but only explained 32% of the total variance. Moreover, over a week's time period, the model failed due to a clear out phasing of the kinetics of radial growth and curvature that the model does not take into account. This demonstrates a key role of the relative kinetics of radial growth and the maturation process during gravitropism. Moreover, the degree of maturation strains appears to differ in the tension woods produced during the upward curving and decurving phases. Cell wall maturation seems to be regulated to achieve control over the degree of prestressing of tension wood, providing effective control of trunk shape.
Address Univ Clermont Ferrand, Inst Natl Recherche Agronom, Physiol Integree Arbre Fruitier, Unite Mixte Recherche 547, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0032-0889 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000247075000055 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 162
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Author Ruelle, J.; Yoshida, M.; Clair, B.; Thibaut, B.
Title Peculiar tension wood structure in Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichl. (Flacourtiaceae) Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Trees-Structure and Function Abbreviated Journal Trees-Struct. Funct.
Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 345-355
Keywords tension wood; tropical rainforest species; UV microspectrophotometry; scanning electron microscopy; cellulose microfibril angle
Abstract Tension wood of Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichl. (Flacourtiaceae), a neo-tropical forest species, shows a peculiar secondary wall structure, with an alternance of thick and thin layers, while opposite wood of this species has a typical secondary wall structure (S1 + S2 + S3). Samples for the study of microstructural properties were collected upon the estimation of growth stresses in the living tree, in order to analyze the correlation of the former with the latter. Investigation using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV microspectrophotometry allowed the description of the anatomy, ultra-structure and chemistry of this peculiar polylaminate secondary wall. In the thick layers, cellulose microfibril angle is very low (i.e., microfibril orientation is close to fibre axis) and cellulose microfibrils are well organized and parallel to each other. In the thin layers, microfibrils (only observable in the inner layer) are less organized and are oriented with a large angle relative to the axis of the cell. Thick layers are lightly lignified although thin layers show a higher content of lignin, close to that of opposite wood secondary wall. The more the wood was under tensile stress, the less the secondary wall was lignified, and lower the syringyl on guaiacyl lignin units' ratio was. The innermost layer of the secondary wall looks like a typical S3 layer with large microfibril angle and lignin occurrence. The interest of this kind of structure for the understanding of stress generation is discussed.
Address UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPRINGER Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0931-1890 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000246206200009 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 163
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Author Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D.; Jullian, V.; Landau, I.; Deharo, E.
Title Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea: Effect of the growing stage and desiccation status on the antimalarial activity of a traditional preparation Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Journal of Ethnopharmacology Abbreviated Journal J. Ethnopharmacol.
Volume 111 Issue 1 Pages 40-42
Keywords antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine
Abstract In French Guiana, Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea is a well-known widely used traditional antimalarial remedy. Impact of the vegetal sampling condition on in vivo and in vitro antimalarial activity was assessed. Traditional infusions were prepared with juvenile or mature leaves, both either fresh or dried. Results showed that growing stage and freshness of vegetal material exert a striking effect on antimalarial activity, both in vitro and in vivo. By far, leaf tea made from fresh juvenile (FJ) Quassia amara leaves was the most active. In vitro, active component (simalikalactone D) concentration correlates biological activities, although unexplained subtle variations were observed. In vivo, tea made with dried juvenile (DJ) leaves displays a peculiar behavior, meaning that some components may help simalikalactone D delivery or may be active in vivo only, therefore enhancing the expected curative effect of the traditional preparation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Address Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, IRD, F-97323 Cayenne Cx, Guyana, Email: eric.deharo@ird.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0378-8741 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000246059600007 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 164
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Author Baraloto, C.; Morneau, F.; Bonal, D.; Blanc, L.; Ferry, B.
Title Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four neotropical tree genera Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Ecology Abbreviated Journal Ecology
Volume 88 Issue 2 Pages 478-489
Keywords drought tolerance; French Guiana; photosynthetic capacity; phylogenetically independent contrast; relative growth rate; seasonally flooded forest; specific leaf area; torus translation method; tropical forest
Abstract We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera ( Myristicaceae), Symphonia ( Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings ( stems >= 150 cm in height and < 10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees ( stems >= 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas ( where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modi. cation of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity.
Address INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: baraloto@botany.ufl.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0012-9658 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000245668400021 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 165
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Author Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Beauchene, J.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Deharo, E.
Title From Tonic-cups to Bitter-cups: Kwasi bita beker from Suriname Determination, past and present use of an ancient galenic artefact Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Journal of Ethnopharmacology Abbreviated Journal J. Ethnopharmacol.
Volume 110 Issue 2 Pages 318-322
Keywords Tonic-cup; Bitter-cup; Quassia amara; Suriname; traditional remedy
Abstract In the main markets of Paramaribo (Suriname), many stands offer what is locally called “Bitter-cups”, or “Kwasi bita beker”, small footed-cups, roughly carved from a whitish wood. The use of these cups is strictly medicinal and it seems to be restricted to Suriname, as they are not found in neighbouring countries (Guyana, French Guiana). The aim of this study was to identify the botanical origin of Bitter-cups still in use in the Saramaka traditional medicine (as information from field people was controversial), and document the ethnopharmacology of this original galenical artefact. Microscopic and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out on Bitter-cup, and anatomical criteria (marginal parenchyma band, size of intervessel and vessel-ray pits, rays width and rays composition, vessels clustering, frequency and size of parenchyma pits) together with HPLC profiles of the macerates showed that the wood cup was similar to Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) wood. Ethnopharmacological investigation indicates that the use of these cups is simply due to the pharmacological properties attributed to “bitters”, and is strongly linked to tradition and cultural attitudes. This study also emphasizes the long lasting use of these cups, now restricted to Suriname only, with almost no variation over one century. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Address Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, F-97323 Cayenne, France, Email: genevieve.bourdy@ird.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0378-8741 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000245486900012 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 166
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Author Scotti, I.; Burelli, A.; Cattonaro, F.; Chagne, D.; Fuller, J.; Hedley, P.E.; Jansson, G.; Lalanne, C.; Madur, D.; Neale, D.; Plomion, C.; Powell, W.; Troggio, M.; Morgante, M.
Title Analysis of the distribution of marker classes in a genetic linkage map: a case study in Norway spruce (Picea abies karst) Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Tree Genetics & Genomes Abbreviated Journal Tree Genet. Genomes
Volume 1 Issue 3 Pages 93-102
Keywords Picea abies; conifers; linkage map; genome structure; molecular markers; autocorrelation
Abstract In order to analyze the large-scale structure of the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), a pseudo-testcross genetic linkage map was built using markers of six different types, belonging to the low (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats) or high (sequence-specific amplified polymorphisms, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms) copy-number fraction of the genome, and including expressed region-derived markers (expressed sequence tag polymorphisms). Twenty seven and 23 linkage groups of at least four markers were obtained for the female and the male parent maps, respectively. A subset of these linkage groups coalesced into 13 bi-parental linkage groups through markers shared between the two maps. This map was used to investigate the frequency of each marker type over chromosomes and the distribution of marker types relative to each other, using autocorrelation techniques. Our results show that, while the composition of chromosomes is homogeneous, low- and high-copy-number markers tend to occupy separate regions of the linkage groups, and that expressed sequences are preferentially associated with microsatellites and separated from retrotranspo sons. These results indicate that the spatial structure of Norway spruce chromosomes is not homogeneous.
Address INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPRINGER HEIDELBERG Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1614-2942 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000244896200002 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 167
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Author Delaval, M.; Charles-Dominique, P.
Title Edge effects on frugivorous and nectarivorous bat communities in a neotropical primary forest in French Guiana Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) Abbreviated Journal Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie
Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 343-352
Keywords
Abstract The impact of a road crossing a continuous Guyana primary forest was studied through the analysis of qualitative and quantitative changes in a frugivorous and nectarivorous bat community at different distances from forest edge. Bats were captured along three 3-km forest transects perpendicular to the edge, and at the Nouragues Station located 150 km in the interior of the primary forest block, in an uninhabited area. Along the 3-km transects, we caught over seven times more individuals than in primary forest, this value decreasing according to the distance from the edge. Moreover, at the very edge, species richness was higher than along transects, probably due to exchanges between primary forest and the open habitats. On the contrary, diversity values at forest edges were lower than in primary forest, with a demographic explosion of a few opportunistic phyllostomid species such as Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus jamaicensis. Species restricted to degraded habitat like Glossophaga soricina and Artibeus cinereus were still present 3 km away from the edge, where the proportion of C perspicillata was seven times higher than in primary forest at Nouragues. These changes in the community of bats have important consequences on seed and pollen dispersal. So edge effects may significantly affect both faunal and floral assemblage. We conclude that changes in bat community occur up to at least 3 km from forest edge, i. e. at a greater distance than that found for all other vertebrates previously studied. By their implications our results should be considered in habitat and species conservation management plans.
Address Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, UMR 5176, F-91800 Brunoy, France, Email: marguerite.delaval@wanadoo.fir
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0249-7395 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000244361200003 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 168
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Author Bonal, D.; Born, C.; Brechet, C.; Coste, S.; Marcon, E.; Roggy, J.C.; Guehl, J.M.
Title The successional status of tropical rainforest tree species is associated with differences in leaf carbon isotope discrimination and functional traits Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Ann. For. Sci.
Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 169-176
Keywords C-13; functional diversity; leaf gas exchange; species grouping; tropical rainforest
Abstract We characterised the among species variability in leaf gas exchange and morphological traits under controlled conditions of seedlings of 22 tropical rainforest canopy species to understand the origin of the variability in leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) among species with different growth and dynamic characteristics (successional gradient). Our results first suggest that these species pursue a consistent strategy in terms of. throughout their ontogeny (juveniles grown here versus canopy adult trees from the natural forest). Second, leaf Delta was negatively correlated with WUE and N, and positively correlated with g(s), but among species differences in Delta were mainly explained by differences in WUE. Finally, species belonging to different successional groups display distinct leaf functional and morphological traits. We confirmed that fast growing early successional species maximise carbon assimilation with high stomatal conductance. In contrast, fast and slow growing late successional species are both characterised by low carbon assimilation values, but by distinct stomatal conductance and leaf morphological features. Along the successional gradient, these differences result in much lower Delta for the intermediate species (i.e. fast growing late successional) as compared to the two other groups.
Address INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, Guyane, France, Email: damien.bonal@kourou.cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher EDP SCIENCES S A Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1286-4560 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000244438100006 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 169
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Author Bandou, E.; Lebailly, F.; Muller, F.; Dulormne, M.; Toribio, A.; Chabrol, J.; Courtecuisse, R.; Plenchette, C.; Prin, Y.; Duponnois, R.; Thiao, M.; Sylla, S.; Dreyfus, B.; Ba, A.M.
Title The ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma bermudense alleviates salt stress in seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) seedlings Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Mycorrhiza Abbreviated Journal Mycorrhiza
Volume 16 Issue 8 Pages 559-565
Keywords Coccoloba uvifera; ectomycorrhizal dependency; mineral uptake; salt stress; water status
Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus, Scleroderma bermudense, to alleviate saline stress in seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) seedlings. Plants were grown over a range (0, 200, 350 and 500 mM) of NaCl levels for 12 weeks, after 4 weeks of non-saline pre-treatment under greenhouse conditions. Growth and mineral nutrition of the seagrape seedlings were stimulated by S. bermudense regardless of salt stress. Although ECM colonization was reduced with increasing NaCl levels, ECM dependency of seagrape seedlings increased. Tissues of ECM plants had significantly increased concentrations of P and K but lower Na and Cl concentrations than those of non-ECM plants. Higher K concentrations in the leaves of ECM plants suggested a higher osmoregulating capacity of these plants. Moreover, the water status of ECM plants was improved despite their higher evaporative leaf surface. The results suggest that the reduction in Na and Cl uptake together with a concomitant increase in P and K absorption and a higher water status in ECM plants may be important salt-alleviating mechanisms for seagrape seedlings growing in saline soils.
Address Univ Antilles Guyane, Fac Sci Exactes & Nat, Lab Biol & Physiol Vegetales, F-97159 Guadeloupe, France, Email: amadou.ba@univ-ag.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPRINGER Place of Publication Editor
Language (down) Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0940-6360 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000241687200006 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 221
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