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Coutand, C.; Dupraz, C.; Jaouen, G.; Ploquin, S.; Adam, B. |
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Mechanical stimuli regulate the allocation of biomass in trees: Demonstration with young Prunus avium trees |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
9 |
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1421-1432 |
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Prunus avium; growth; mechanical stress; bending; biomass; shoot/root ratio; wind; shelter |
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Background and Aims Plastic tree-shelters are increasingly used to protect tree seedlings against browsing animals and herbicide drifts. The biomass allocation in young seedlings of deciduous trees is highly disturbed by common plastic tree-shelters, resulting in poor root systems and reduced diameter growth of the trunk. The shelters have been improved by creating chimney-effect ventilation with holes drilled at the bottom, resulting in stimulated trunk diameter growth, but the root deficit has remained unchanged. An experiment was set up to elucidate the mechanisms behind the poor root growth of sheltered Prunus avium trees. Methods Tree seedlings were grown either in natural windy conditions or in tree-shelters. Mechanical wind stimuli were suppressed in ten unsheltered trees by staking. Mechanical stimuli (bending) of the stem were applied in ten sheltered trees using an original mechanical device. Key Results Sheltered trees suffered from poor root growth, but sheltered bent trees largely recovered, showing that mechano-sensing is an important mechanism governing C allocation and the shoot-root balance. The use of a few artificial mechanical stimuli increased the biomass allocation towards the roots, as did natural wind sway. It was demonstrated that there was an acclimation of plants to the imposed strain. Conclusions This study suggests that if mechanical stimuli are used to control plant growth, they should be applied at low frequency in order to be most effective. The impact on the functional equilibrium hypothesis that is used in many tree growth models is discussed. The consequence of the lack of mechanical stimuli should be incorporated in tree growth models when applied to environments protected from the wind (e.g. greenhouses, dense forests). |
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[Coutand, Catherine; Jaouen, Gaelle; Ploquin, Stephane; Adam, Boris] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, UMR PIAF, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISI:000255987500013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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211 |
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Morel, H.; Nicolini, E.; Bossu, J.; Blanc, L.; Beauchene, J. |
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Qualité et usages du bois de cinq espèces forestières adaptées à la plantation à vocation de bois d’oeuvre et testées en Guyane française |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Bois & Forêts des Tropiques |
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334 |
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61-74 |
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propriétés technologiques; qualité du bois; plantation; Guyane française |
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Des essais de plantations forestières ont été menés en Guyane française depuis le début des années 1960 sur plus de 138 espèces (70 espèces natives et 68 espèces exotiques). Une étude récente sur la productivité de ces espèces en plantation (projet ForesTreeCulture, 2013-2015) a mis en avant le fort potentieldeproductiondetroisespècesnatives ( Simarouba amara Aubl., Vochysia tomentosa (G. Mey.) DC., Bagassa guianensis ( Aubl.)) et d’une espèce d’Afrique de l’Ouest ( Tarrietia utilis Sprague) avec des volumes de bois produits supérieurs à 20 m3/ha/an. Cependant, les propriétés du bois de ces espèces commerciales ne sont connues qu’au travers d’arbres issus de forêt naturelle. Nous présentons les propriétés du bois de ces espèces en conditions de plantation – densité, retrait, élasticité, angle du fil, durabilité – et discutons de leurs potentiels et de leurs usages respectifs futurs. Une autre espèce, Cordia alliodora ((Ruiz et Pavon) Oken), a également été retenue bien qu’elle n’ait pas encore été plantée en Guyane française. Cette espèce, native de Guyane, est bien connue en Amérique latine pour son bois et son fort potentiel de croissance en milieu anthropisé. |
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Thibaut, B.; Denaud, L.; Collet, R.; Marchal, R.; Beauchene, J.; Mothe, F.; Méausoone, P.-J.; Martin, P.; Larricq, P.; Eyma, F. |
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Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annals of Forest Science |
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73 |
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1 |
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163-184 |
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Primary conversion; Secondary processing; Surface quality; Tool wear |
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Key message: Wood machining is compulsory both for timber separation and the surfacing of wooden objects. The anisotropy, cellular nature and multi-scale level organisation of wood make its cutting complicated to study. During the last 50 years, most of the wood machining subjects were covered by French teams. Context: Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years, much work on basic mechanisms as well as on industrial processes has been done in France. Aims: The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams’ contributions. Results: The basic aspects of the tool–material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing, much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life. Conclusion: A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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ICA, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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668 |
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Chevolot, M.; Louisanna, E.; Azri, W.; Leblanc-Fournier, N.; Roeckel-Drevet, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Isolation of primers for candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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7 |
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3 |
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655-661 |
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Population genomics; Functional gene; Mechanical signals; Fabaceae |
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Mechanical signals have an impact on plant development. Tropical rainforest trees display large variability for life-history traits related to biomechanics and therefore are a unique study system to better understand biomechanical trait variability from an evolutionary perspective. From sequences and gene expression data available in model species, we developed specific primers for six candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five tropical species. Most of the gene sequences were polymorphic in most species. |
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[Chevolot, Malia; Louisanna, Eliane; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Springer Heidelberg |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000290571900018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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315 |
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Corbara, B.; Carpenter, J.M.; Cereghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Gibernau, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Diversity and nest site selection of social wasps along Guianese forest edges: assessing the influence of arboreal ants |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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332 |
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5 |
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470-479 |
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Polistinae; Diversity; Nest site selection; Ant-wasp-plant interactions; French Guiana |
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monitored), and estimate that we recorded up to 73% of the local social wasp fauna. This baseline study was complemented by a long-term survey of the same area and the examination of isolated trees (permitting us to record two additional species, resulting in a total of 63 wasp species). Our results form a continuum from species avoiding nesting on any plant (6.5% of the wasp species) to species nesting on plants but avoiding those sheltering ant nests (82%), to, finally, wasps nesting in association with arboreal ants known to divert army ant raids (11.5%). Consequently, this study documents that most wasp species select plants possibly repulsive to arboreal ants, while associations with arboreal ants, although confirmed here, have been overrepresented in the literature. To cite this article: B. Corbara et al., C. R. Biologies 332 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS Guyane, UPS 2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: bruno.corbara@univ-bpclermont.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000266021400007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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113 |
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Marcon, E.; Traissac, S.; Puech, F.; Lang, G. |
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Title |
Tools to characterize point patterns: dbmss for R |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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67 |
Issue |
Codesnippet3 |
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1-15 |
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Point patterns; R; Spatial structure |
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The dbmss package for R provides an easy-to-use toolbox to characterize the spatial structure of point patterns. Our contribution presents the state of the art of distance-based methods employed in economic geography and which are also used in ecology. Topographic functions such as Ripley’s K, absolute functions such as Duranton and Overman’s Kd and relative functions such as Marcon and Puech’s M are implemented. Their confidence envelopes (including global ones) and tests against counterfactuals are included in the package. © 2015, American Statistical Association. All rights reserved. |
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AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR 518 Math. Info. Appli., 16 rue Claude Bernard, Paris, France |
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Export Date: 22 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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635 |
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Ollivier, M.; Baraloto, C.; Marcon, E. |
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A trait database for Guianan rain forest trees permits intra- and inter-specific contrasts |
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2007 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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64 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
781-786 |
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plant traits; tropical forest; French Guiana; functional groups; plasticity; ontogeny |
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We present a plant trait database covering autecology for rain forest trees of French Guiana. The database comprises more than thirty traits including autecology (e. g., habitat associations and reproductive phenology), wood structure (e. g., density and tension characteristics) and physiology at the whole plant (e. g., carbon and nitrogen isotopes) and leaf level (e. g., specific leaf area, photosynthetic capacity). The current database describes traits for about nine hundred species from three hundred genera in one hundred families. For more than sixty species, data on twelve morphological and ecophysiological traits are provided for individual plants under different environmental conditions and at different ontogenetic stages. The database is thus unique in permitting intraspecific analyses, such as the effects of ontogenetic stages or environmental conditions on trait values and their relationships. |
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INRA, Unit Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000250097700011 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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158 |
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Lebrini, M.; Robert, F.; Roos, C. |
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Inhibition Effect of Alkaloids Extract from Annona Squamosa Plant on the Corrosion of C38 Steel in Normal Hydrochloric Acid Medium |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. |
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5 |
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11 |
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1698-1712 |
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Plant extract; corrosion inhibitors; C38 steel; acidic media; adsorption |
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In this work, an alkaloids extract from Annona squamosa plant have been studied as possible corrosion inhibitor for C38 steel in molar hydrochloric acid (1 M HCl). Potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance methods have been used. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases on increasing plant extract concentration. Polarisation studies showed that Annona squamosa extract was mixed-type inhibitor in 1 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of Annona squamosa extract was temperature-dependent and its addition led to an increase of the activation corrosion energy revealing a physical adsorption between the extract and the metal surface. The adsorption of the Annona squamosa extract followed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The inhibitive effect of Annona squamosa is ascribed to the presence of organic compounds in the extract. The examined extract is considered as non-cytotoxic substance. |
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[Lebrini, M.] CNRS 8172 UMR ECOFOG, Lab Mat & Mol Milieu Amazonien, Cayenne 97337, French Guiana, Email: florent.robert@guyane.univ-ag.fr |
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ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE GROUP |
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1452-3981 |
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ISI:000283999000015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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20 |
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Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Garraud, L.; Heuret, P.; Nicolini, E.; Dreyer, E. |
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Does ontogeny modulate irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of rain-forest tree species? A test with Dicorynia guianensis and Tachigali melinonii (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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66 |
Issue |
7 |
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701-709 |
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plant architecture; phenotypic plasticity; photosynthetic capacity; leaf structure; tropical rain forest |
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Irradiance elicits a large plasticity in leaf traits, but little is known about the modulation of this plasticity by ontogeny. Interactive effects of relative irradiance and ontogeny were assessed on leaf traits for two tropical rainforest tree species: Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff and Tachigali melinonii (Harms) Barneby (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae). Eleven morphological and physiological leaf traits, relative to photosynthetic performance, were measured on saplings at three different architectural development stages (ASD 1, 2 and 3) and used to derive composite traits like photosynthetic N-use efficiency. Measurements were made along a natural irradiance gradient. The effect of ASD was very visible and differed between the two species. For Dicorynia guianensis, only leaf mass-per-area (LMA) significantly increased with ASDs whereas for Tachigali melinonii, almost all traits were affected by ASD: LMA, leaf N content and photosynthetic capacity increased from ASD 1 to ASD 3. Photosynthetic N-use-efficiency was not affected by ASD in any species. Leaf traits were severely modulated by irradiance, whereas the degree of plasticity was very similar among ASDs. Only few interactions were detected between irradiance and ASD, for leaf thickness, carbon content, and the ratio Chl/N in T. melinonii and for photosynthetic capacity in D. guianensis. We conclude that ontogenic development and irradiance-elicited plasticity modulated leaf traits, with almost no interaction, i.e., the degree of irradiance-elicited plasticity was stable across development stages and independent of ontogeny in these two species, at least in the early stages of development assessed here. |
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[Dreyer, Erwin] INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: dreyer@nancy.inra.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISI:000270906600009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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100 |
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Scotti, I.; Burelli, A.; Cattonaro, F.; Chagne, D.; Fuller, J.; Hedley, P.E.; Jansson, G.; Lalanne, C.; Madur, D.; Neale, D.; Plomion, C.; Powell, W.; Troggio, M.; Morgante, M. |
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Title |
Analysis of the distribution of marker classes in a genetic linkage map: a case study in Norway spruce (Picea abies karst) |
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2005 |
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Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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1 |
Issue |
3 |
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93-102 |
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Picea abies; conifers; linkage map; genome structure; molecular markers; autocorrelation |
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In order to analyze the large-scale structure of the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), a pseudo-testcross genetic linkage map was built using markers of six different types, belonging to the low (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats) or high (sequence-specific amplified polymorphisms, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms) copy-number fraction of the genome, and including expressed region-derived markers (expressed sequence tag polymorphisms). Twenty seven and 23 linkage groups of at least four markers were obtained for the female and the male parent maps, respectively. A subset of these linkage groups coalesced into 13 bi-parental linkage groups through markers shared between the two maps. This map was used to investigate the frequency of each marker type over chromosomes and the distribution of marker types relative to each other, using autocorrelation techniques. Our results show that, while the composition of chromosomes is homogeneous, low- and high-copy-number markers tend to occupy separate regions of the linkage groups, and that expressed sequences are preferentially associated with microsatellites and separated from retrotranspo sons. These results indicate that the spatial structure of Norway spruce chromosomes is not homogeneous. |
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INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000244896200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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167 |
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