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Author Malé, P.-J.G.; Bardon, L.; Besnard, G.; Coissac, E.; Delsuc, F.; Engel, J.; Lhuillier, E.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Tinaut, A.; Chave, J.
Title Genome skimming by shotgun sequencing helps resolve the phylogeny of a pantropical tree family Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Molecular Ecology Resources Abbreviated Journal Mol. Ecol. Resour.
Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 966-975
Keywords (down) Next-generation sequencing; Organellar genome; Phylogenomics; Tropical trees
Abstract Whole genome sequencing is helping generate robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a range of taxonomic groups that were previously recalcitrant to classical molecular phylogenetic approaches. As a case study, we performed a shallow shotgun sequencing of eight species in the tropical tree family Chrysobalanaceae to retrieve large fragments of high-copy number DNA regions and test the potential of these regions for phylogeny reconstruction. We were able to assemble the nuclear ribosomal cluster (nrDNA), the complete plastid genome (ptDNA) and a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with approximately 1000×, 450× and 120× sequencing depth respectively. The phylogenetic tree obtained with ptDNA resolved five of the seven internal nodes. In contrast, the tree obtained with mtDNA and nrDNA data were largely unresolved. This study demonstrates that genome skimming is a cost-effective approach and shows potential in plant molecular systematics within Chrysobalanaceae and other under-studied groups. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Address GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 17550998 (Issn) ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Export Date: 1 September 2014; Correspondence Address: Malé, P.-J.G.; UMR 5174 Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, F-31062, France; email: pjg.male@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 559
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Author Levionnois, Sébastien ; Ziegler, Camille ; Heuret, Patrick ; Jansen, Steven ; Stahl, Clément ; Calvet, Emma ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Bonal, Damien ; Coste, Sabrina
Title Is vulnerability segmentation at the leaf‑stem transition a drought resistance mechanism? A theoretical test with a trait‑based model for Neotropical canopy tree species Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 78-87
Keywords (down) Neotropics, bark, canopy, capacitance, drought, drought tolerance, embolism, leaves, models, transpiration, trees, tropical rain forests, xylem
Abstract Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stem. However, although it has been intensively investigated these past decades, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. Based on a trait-based model, this study theoretically supports that vulnerability segmentation enhances shoot desiccation time across 18 Neotropical tree species. CONTEXT: Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stems thereby preserving expensive organs such as branches or the trunk. Although vulnerability segmentation has been intensively investigated these past decades to test its consistency across species, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. AIMS: We investigated the theoretical impact of the degree of vulnerability segmentation on shoot desiccation time estimated with a simple trait-based model. METHODS: We combined data from 18 tropical rainforest canopy tree species on embolism resistance of stem xylem (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualisation method). Measured water loss under minimum leaf and bark conductance, leaf and stem capacitance, and leaf-to-bark area ratio allowed us to calculate a theoretical shoot desiccation time (tcᵣᵢₜ). RESULTS: Large degrees of vulnerability segmentation strongly enhanced the theoretical shoot desiccation time, suggesting vulnerability segmentation to be an efficient drought resistance mechanism for half of the studied species. The difference between leaf and bark area, rather than the minimum leaf and bark conductance, determined the drastic reduction of total transpiration by segmentation during severe drought. CONCLUSION: Our study strongly suggests that vulnerability segmentation is an important drought resistance mechanism that should be better taken into account when investigating plant drought resistance and modelling vegetation. We discuss future directions for improving model assumptions with empirical measures, such as changes in total shoot transpiration after leaf xylem embolism.
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Publisher Springer Link Place of Publication Editor
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Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 1034
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Author Amusant, N.; Fournier, M.; Beauchene, J.
Title Colour and decay resistance and its relationships in Eperua grandiflora Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Ann. For. Sci.
Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 806
Keywords (down) natural durability; colour; decay resistance; variability; heartwood; tropical wood
Abstract Eperua grandiflora, which is widely distributed in the French Guiana forest region, shows high variability in decay resistance. Further information concerning this wood quality parameter is necessary, but standard testing methods are complex and time-consuming. We assessed the use of colorimetry to determine durability in heartwood samples from a range of trees. Eperua grandiflora colour parameters were measured using a CIELAB system, revealing that the tree effect was greater than the radial position and height effects. The wood samples were exposed to Coriolus versicolor and Antrodia sp. according to two European standards (En 350-1 and XP CEN TS 15083-1). Eperua grandiflora is more susceptible to brown rot. These two standards did not give the same durability classes. The high variation in natural durability was due to the tree effect. These two properties were found to be correlated and the assessment also distinguished the extreme durability classes but they are not sufficient to classify the class of durability of this species.
Address [Amusant, Nadine] CIRAD, PERSYT, UR Valorisat Bois Tropicaux, F-34538 Montpellier 5, France, Email: nadine.amusant@cirad.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher EDP SCIENCES S A Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1286-4560 ISBN Medium
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Notes ISI:000261431600006 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 127
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Author Rodrigues, A.M.; Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Eparvier, V.; Lemenager, N.; Baudasse, C.; Espindola, L.S.; Stien, D.
Title The termiticidal activity of Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) extract and its active constituent rubrynolide Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Pest Management Science Abbreviated Journal Pest Manage. Sci.
Volume 67 Issue 11 Pages 1420-1423
Keywords (down) Nasutitermes macrocephalus; Reticulitermes flavipes; Rubrynolide; Sextonia rubra extract; Wood preservation
Abstract Termites are degradation agents that inflict severe damage on wood. Some long-lasting Amazonian trees can resist these insects by producing toxic secondary metabolites. These metabolites could potentially replace synthetic termiticidal products which are becoming more restricted to use. Results: Sextonia rubra is resistant to termite-induced degradation. It has been demonstrated that this species naturally produces an ethyl-acetate-soluble termiticidal metabolite, rubrynolide, to protect its wood. Assays in the presence of tropical and invasive termites established that both rubrynolide and crude ethyl acetate extract from S. rubra wood can be used as a treatment for the protection of sensitive woods against termites. Conclusion: Rubrynolide and S. rubra extract are promising candidates for the replacement of synthetic termiticides. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.
Address CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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ISSN 1526498x (Issn) ISBN Medium
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Notes Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pmscf; doi: 10.1002/ps.2167; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rodrigues, A.M.; UMR Ecofog, Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur de la Guyane, BP792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, France; email: alice.rodrigues@pop.com.br Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 362
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Author Martos, F.; Dulormne, M.; Pailler, T.; Bonfante, P.; Faccio, A.; Fournel, J.; Dubois, M.-P.; Selosse, M.-A.
Title Independent recruitment of saprotrophic fungi as mycorrhizal partners by tropical achlorophyllous orchids Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication New Phytologist Abbreviated Journal New Phytologist
Volume 184 Issue 3 Pages 668-681
Keywords (down) Mycoheterotrophy; Mycorrhizas; Orchids; Rainforests; Saprotrophic fungi; Stable isotopes
Abstract Mycoheterotrophic orchids have adapted to shaded forest understory by shifting to achlorophylly and receiving carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi. In temperate forests, they associate in a highly specific way with fungi forming ectomycorrhizas on nearby trees, and exploiting tree photosynthates. However, many rainforests lack ectomycorrhizal fungi, and there is evidence that some tropical Asiatic species associate with saprotrophic fungi. To investigate this in different geographic and phylogenetic contexts, we identified the mycorrhizal fungi supporting two tropical mycoheterotrophic orchids from Mascarene (Indian Ocean) and Caribbean islands. We tested their possible carbon sources by measuring natural nitrogen (15N) and carbon (13C) abundances. Saprotrophic basidiomycetes were found: Gastrodia similis associates with a wood-decaying Resinicium (Hymenochaetales); Wullschlaegelia aphylla associates with both litter-decaying Gymnopus and Mycena species, whose rhizomorphs link orchid roots to leaf litter. The 15N and 13C abundances make plausible food chains from dead wood to G. similis and from dead leaves to W. aphylla. We propose that temperature and moisture in rainforests, but not in most temperate forests, may favour sufficient saprotrophic activity to support development of mycoheterotrophs. By enlarging the spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi and the level of specificity in mycoheterotrophic orchids, this study provides new insights on orchid and mycorrhizal biology in the tropics. © 2009 New Phytologist.
Address Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale dell'Università, Istituto per la Protezione Delle Piante – CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Notes Cited By :65; Export Date: 7 February 2017 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 728
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Author Vedel, V.; Arthur, W.
Title Character changes during the early post-embryonic development of the centipede Strigamia maritima (Leach, 1817) (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication International Journal of Myriapodology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 53-61
Keywords (down) MOULT DEVELOPMENT ARTHROPOD POST-EMBRYONIC STAGE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE MYRIAPOD CENTIPEDE EVO-DEVO
Abstract For many kinds of ecological, evolutionary and developmental study, it is important to be able to describe the life-history of the individuals of a particular species/population. In the case of myriapods and other arthropods, this involves separating the different life-history stages (or stadia or instars) that are separated by moults. However, it has recently been pointed out that in the earliest post-embryonic stages the cuticle is still quite flexible; this means that visible external developmental changes can occur between moults as well as during them. Here, we provide evidence for such inter-moult changes in the coastal geophilomorph centipede Strigamia maritima. The character states studied enable finer-scale resolution of early post-embryonic forms than was hitherto possible. Specifically, we describe five transitional forms during a period in which just two (Peripatoid and Foetus) have traditionally been recognized
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Notes Character changes during the early post-embryonic development of the centipede Strigamia maritima (Leach, 1817) (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha); doi:10.1163/187525409X462412 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ 13 Serial 187
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Author Falkowski, M.; Jahn-Oyac, A.; Ferrero, E.; Issaly, J.; Eparvier, V.; Girod, R.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Stien, D.; Houel, E.; Dusfour, I.
Title Assessment of A Simple Compound-Saving Method to Study Insecticidal Activity of Natural Extracts and Pure Compounds Against Mosquito Larvae Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association Abbreviated Journal Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 337-340
Keywords (down) Mosquitoes; natural insecticides; screening method
Abstract Research on natural insecticides has intensified with the spread of resistance to chemicals among insects, particularly disease vectors. To evaluate compounds, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published standardized procedures. However, those may be excessively compound-consuming when it comes to assessing the activity of natural extracts and pure compounds isolated in limited amount. As part of our work on the discovery of new mosquito larvicides from Amazonian plants, we developed a compound-saving assay in 5-ml glass tubes instead of WHO larval 100-ml cups. Comparing activity of synthetic and natural chemicals validated the glass tube assay. Raw data, lethal doses that kill 50% (LD50) and 90% (LD90) at 24 and 48 h, were highly correlated (0.68 < R2 < 0.96, P < 0.001, Pearson test) between cups and tubes. It was also established that 10 tubes (N = 50 larvae) provided the same level of sensitivity as 20 tubes (N = 100). This method proved suitable for rapid screening of natural extracts and molecules, identifying active compounds using 10 times less material than in the WHO protocol. © 2016 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.
Address Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversite et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (USR 3579, LBBM), Observatoire Oceanologique, avenue de Fontaul e, Banyuls/Mer-sur-mer, France
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Notes Export Date: 3 March 2017 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 740
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Author Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D.
Title Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Tree Physiology Abbreviated Journal Tree Physiol.
Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 227-236
Keywords (down) model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature
Abstract The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass.
Address INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher HERON PUBLISHING Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0829-318X ISBN Medium
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Notes ISI:000181841200002 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 246
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Author Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.
Title An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Ecological Modelling Abbreviated Journal Ecol. Model.
Volume 173 Issue 4 Pages 335-354
Keywords (down) model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation
Abstract A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk
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Publisher ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0304-3800 ISBN Medium
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Notes ISI:000220392200002 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 238
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Author Aimene, Y.; Dorville, R.; Omrane, A.
Title Optimal control for trees trunk diameter estimation in rain forest ecology Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Applied Mathematical Sciences Abbreviated Journal
Volume 7 Issue 17-20 Pages 807-816
Keywords (down) Missing data; Optimal control; Tree trunk diameter
Abstract We study the optimal control question for an important mechanical problem related to tree trunk diameter variation in tropical forest ecology where some data are missing. Within a cost function, the control problem is formulated with a mechanical model that requires boundary conditions tosolve all equations. We give a characterization of the optimal measurement function for the tree trunk problem.
Address Laboratoire CEREGMIA EA 2440, Université Antilles-Guyane, I.E.S.G Campus de Trou-Biran, Route de Baduel, 97337 Cayenne, French Guiana
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Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 469
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