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Almeras, T.; Derycke, M.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Bot. |
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60 |
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15 |
Pages |
4397-4410 |
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Keywords |
Biomechanics; French Guiana; functional diversity; gravitropism; reaction wood; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Gravitropism is necessary for plants to control the orientation of their axes while they grow in height. In woody plants, stem re-orientations are costly because they are achieved through diameter growth. The functional diversity of gravitropism was studied to check if the mechanisms involved and their efficiency may contribute to the differentiation of height growth strategies between forest tree species at the seedling stage. Seedlings of eight tropical species were grown tilted in a greenhouse, and their up-righting movement and diameter growth were measured over three months. Morphological, anatomical, and biomechanical traits were measured at the end of the survey. Curvature analysis was used to analyse the up-righting response along the stems. Variations in stem curvature depend on diameter growth, size effects, the increase in self-weight, and the efficiency of the gravitropic reaction. A biomechanical model was used to separate these contributions. Results showed that (i) gravitropic movements were based on a common mechanism associated to similar dynamic patterns, (ii) clear differences in efficiency (defined as the change in curvature achieved during an elementary diameter increment for a given stem diameter) existed between species, (iii) the equilibrium angle of the stem and the anatomical characters associated with the efficiency of the reaction also differed between species, and (iv) the differences in gravitropic reaction were related to the light requirements: heliophilic species, compared to more shade-tolerant species, had a larger efficiency and an equilibrium angle closer to vertical. This suggests that traits determining the gravitropic reaction are related to the strategy of light interception and may contribute to the differentiation of ecological strategies promoting the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical rainforests. |
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[Almeras, Tancrede; Derycke, Morgane; Jaouen, Gaelle] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0022-0957 |
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ISI:000271389400017 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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96 |
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Flores, O.; Rossi, V.; Mortier, F. |
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Title |
Autocorrelation offsets zero-inflation in models of tropical saplings density |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
220 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
1797-1809 |
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Keywords |
Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling; Conditional Auto-Regressive model; Variable selection; Zero-Inflated Poisson; Posterior predictive; Paracou; French Guiana |
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Modelling the local density of tropical saplings can provide insights into the ecological processes that drive species regeneration and thereby help predict population recovery after disturbance. Yet, few studies have addressed the challenging issues in autocorrelation and zero-inflation of local density. This paper presents Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling (HBM) of sapling density that includes these two features. Special attention is devoted to variable selection, model estimation and comparison. We developed a Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) model with a latent correlated spatial structure and compared it with non-spatial ZIP and Poisson models that were either autocorrelated (Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed, SGLM) or not (generalized linear models, GLM). In our spatial models, local density autocorrelation was modeled by a Conditional Auto-Regressive (CAR) process. 13 explicative variables described ecological conditions with respect to topography, disturbance, stand structure and intraspecific processes. Models were applied to six tropical tree species with differing biological attributes: Oxandra asbeckii, Eperua falcata, Eperua grandiflora, Dicorynia guianensis, Qualea rosea, and Tachigali melinonii. We built species-specific models using a simple method of variable selection based on a latent binary indicator. Our spatial models showed a close correlation between observed and estimated densities with site spatial structure being correctly reproduced. By contrast, the non-spatial models showed poor fits. Variable selection highlighted species-specific requirements and susceptibility to local conditions. Model comparison overall showed that the SGLM was the most accurate explanatory and predictive model. Surprisingly, zero-inflated models performed less well. Although the SZIP model was relevant with respect to data distribution, and more flexible with respect to response curves, its model complexity caused marked variability in parameter estimates. In the SUM, the spatial process alone accounted for zero-inflation in the data. A refinement of the hypotheses employed at the process level could compensate for distribution flaws at the data level. This study emphasized the importance of the HBM framework in improving the modelling of density-environment relationships. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Flores, O.] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: olivierflores@free.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000267585400007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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201 |
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Fournier, M.; Dlouhá, J.; Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T. |
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Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: Beyond wood density and strength |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Experimental Botany |
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J. Exp. Bot. |
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64 |
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15 |
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4793-4815 |
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Biomechanics; Ecological strategy; Gravitropism; Shape; Size; Trees; Wood |
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Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds and self-buckling, and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, oversimpli-fed expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of oversimplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, as wood density is involved in stiffiness, loads, and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for this is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell-wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits, and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed. © The Author 2013. |
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CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, 34095 Montpellier, France |
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Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 2 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert279; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fournier, M.; AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, 54000 Nancy, France; email: meriem.fournier@agroparistech.fr; References: Achim, A., Ruel, J.C., Gardiner, B.A., Lafamme, G., Meunier, S., Modelling the vulnerability of balsam fr forests to wind damage (2005) Forest Ecology and Management, 204, pp. 35-50; Almeras, T., Costes, E., Salles, J.C., Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot-tree varieties (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 1-14; Almeras, T., Derycke, M., Jaouen, G., Beauchene, J., Fournier, M., Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits (2009) Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, pp. 4397-4410; Almeras, T., Fournier, M., Biomechanical design and longterm stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction (2009) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256, pp. 370-381; Almeras, T., Gril, J., Costes, E., Bending of apricot tree branches under the weight of axillary growth: Test of a mechanical model with experimental data (2002) Trees – Structure and Function, 16, pp. 5-15; Almeras, T., Thibaut, A., Gril, J., Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees (2005) Trees – Structure and Function, 19, pp. 457-467; Anten, N.P.R., Schieving, F., The role of wood mass density and mechanical constraints in the economy of tree architecture (2010) American Naturalist, 175, pp. 250-260; Archer, R.R., Wilson, B.F., Mechanics of the compression wood response II. 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Netherlands: Springer; Lang, A.C., Haerdtle, W., Bruelheide, H., Geissler, C., Nadrowski, K., Schuldt, A., Yu, M., Von Oheimb, G., Tree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in species-rich forests of subtropical China (2010) Forest Ecology and Management, 260, pp. 1708-1715; Larjavaara, M., Maintenance cost, toppling risk and size of trees in a self-thinning stand (2010) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 265, pp. 63-67; Larjavaara, M., Muller-Landau, H.C., Rethinking the value of high wood density (2010) Functional Ecology, 24, pp. 701-705; Larjavaara, M., Muller-Landau, H.C., Still rethinking the value of high wood density (2012) American Journal of Botany, 99, pp. 165-168; Lens, F., Smets, E., Melzer, S., Stem anatomy supports arabidopsis thaliana as a model for insular woodiness (2012) New Phytologist, 193, pp. 12-17; Lopez, D., Michelin, S., De Langre, E., Flow-induced pruning of branched systems and brittle reconfguration (2011) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 284, pp. 117-124; Makela, A., Grace, J.C., Deckmyn, G., Kantola, A., Campioli, M., Simulating wood quality in forest management models (2010) Forest Systems, 19, pp. 48-68; Martínez-Cabrera, H.I., Schenk, H.J., Cevallos-Ferriz, S.R.S., Jones, C.S., Integration of vessel traits, wood density, and height in angiosperm shrubs and trees (2011) American Journal of Botany, 98, pp. 915-922; Martone, P.T., Boller, M., Burgert, I., Dumais, J., Edwards, J., Mach, K., Rowe, N., Speck, T., Mechanics without muscle: Biomechanical inspiration from the plant world (2010) Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50, pp. 888-907; Matsuzaki, J., Masumori, M., Tange, T., Stem phototropism of trees: A possible significant factor in determining stem inclination on forest slopes (2006) Annals of Botany, 98, pp. 573-581; McMahon, T.A., Size and shape in biology (1973) Science, 179, pp. 1202-1204; Medhurst, J., Downes, G., Ottenschlaeger, M., Harwood, C., Evans, R., Beadle, C., Intra-specific competition and the radial development of wood density, microfibril angle and modulus of elasticity in plantation-grown eucalyptus nitens (2012) Trees – Structure and Function, 26, pp. 1771-1780; Menard, L., McKey, D., Rowe, N., Developmental plasticity and biomechanics of treelets and lianas in manihot aff. 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Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
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Changes in hydraulic conductivity, mechanical properties, and density reflecting the fall in strain along the lateral roots of two species of tropical trees |
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2007 |
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Journal of Experimental Botany |
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J. Exp. Bot. |
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58 |
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15-16 |
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4095-4105 |
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Buttress roots; Density; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Modulus of elasticity; Tropical trees; Wood; Elastic moduli; Hydraulic conductivity; Wood; Buttress roots; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Tropical trees; Forestry; water; article; biomechanics; histology; legume; physiology; plant root; plant stem; tree; wood; Xylopia; Biomechanics; Fabaceae; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Trees; Water; Wood; Xylopia; Conductivity; Elastic Strength; Forestry; Wood |
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Roots have been described as having larger vessels and so greater hydraulic efficiency than the stem. Differences in the strength and stiffness of the tissue within the root system itself are thought to be an adaptation to the loading conditions experienced by the roots and to be related to differences in density. It is not known how potential mechanical adaptations may affect the hydraulic properties of the roots. The change in strength, stiffness, conductivity, density, sapwood area, and second moment of area distally along the lateral roots of two tropical tree species in which the strain is known to decrease rapidly was studied and the values were compared with those of the trunk. It was found that as the strain fell distally along the roots, so did the strength and stiffness of the tissue, whereas the conductivity increased exponentially. These changes appeared to be related to differences in density. In contrast to the distal-most roots, the tissue of the proximal roots had a lower conductivity and higher strength than that of the trunk. This suggests that mechanical requirements on the structure rather than the water potential gradient from roots to branches are responsible for the general pattern that roots have larger vessels than the stem. In spite of their increased transectional area, the buttressed proximal roots were subjected to higher levels of stress and had a lower total conductivity than the rest of the root system. © 2007 The Author(s). |
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AgroParisTech, LERFOB, Ecole Nationale du Genie Rural, des Eaux et Forêts, 14 Avenue Girardet-CS 4216, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France |
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Cited By (since 1996): 6; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm268; PubMed ID: 18039738; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jackson's Mill, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom; email: karen@cd-mail.dk; Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water, 7732-18-5 |
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Lenoir, A.; Boulay, R.; Dejean, A.; Touchard, A.; Cuvillier-Hot, V. |
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Phthalate pollution in an Amazonian rainforest |
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2016 |
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
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23 |
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16865-16872 |
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Phthalates are ubiquitous contaminants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can become trapped in the cuticles of insects, including ants which were recognized as good bioindicators for such pollution. Because phthalates have been noted in developed countries and because they also have been found in the Arctic, a region isolated from direct anthropogenic influence, we hypothesized that they are widespread. So, we looked for their presence on the cuticle of ants gathered from isolated areas of the Amazonian rainforest and along an anthropogenic gradient of pollution (rainforest vs. road sides vs. cities in French Guiana). Phthalate pollution (mainly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) was higher on ants gathered in cities and along road sides than on those collected in the pristine rainforest, indicating that it follows a human-mediated gradient of disturbance related to the use of plastics and many other products that contain phthalates in urban zones. Their presence varied with the ant species; the cuticle of Solenopsis saevissima traps higher amount of phthalates than that of compared species. However, the presence of phthalates in isolated areas of pristine rainforests suggests that they are associated both with atmospheric particles and in gaseous form and are transported over long distances by wind, resulting in a worldwide diffusion. These findings suggest that there is no such thing as a “pristine” zone. |
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Hartke, J.; Sprenger, P.P.; Sahm, J.; Winterberg, H.; Orivel, J.; Baur, H.; Beuerle, T.; Schmitt, T.; Feldmeyer, B.; Menzel, F. |
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Cuticular hydrocarbons as potential mediators of cryptic species divergence in a mutualistic ant association |
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2019 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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9 |
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16 |
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9160-9176 |
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environmental association; integrative taxonomy; niche differentiation; population structure; sexual selection; speciation |
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Upon advances in sequencing techniques, more and more morphologically identical organisms are identified as cryptic species. Often, mutualistic interactions are proposed as drivers of diversification. Species of the neotropical parabiotic ant association between Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus are known for highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, which in insects serve as desiccation barrier but also as communication cues. In the present study, we investigated the association of the ants’ CHC profiles with genotypes and morphological traits, and discovered cryptic species pairs in both genera. To assess putative niche differentiation between the cryptic species, we conducted an environmental association study that included various climate variables, canopy cover, and mutualistic plant species. Although mostly sympatric, the two Camponotus species seem to prefer different climate niches. However in the two Crematogaster species, we could not detect any differences in niche preference. The strong differentiation in the CHC profiles may thus suggest a possible role during speciation itself either by inducing assortative mating or by reinforcing sexual selection after the speciation event. We did not detect any further niche differences in the environmental parameters tested. Thus, it remains open how the cryptic species avoid competitive exclusion, with scope for further investigations. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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Export Date: 2 September 2019; Correspondence Address: Hartke, J.; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreGermany; email: Juliane.Hartke@senckenberg.de; Funding details: Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Funding details: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Not Available; Funding details: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, ME 3842/5‐1; Funding text 1: We thank Philippe Cerdan and Aurelie Dourdain for research permissions in the Hydreco Lab Petit Saut and the Paracou Research Station, respectively. Similarly, we thank Patrick Châtelet, Philippe Gaucher, and Dorothée Deslignes for permission to sample in the Les Nouragues Reserve. Further on, we thank Heike Stypa for supporting us in preparing the chemical samples. We thank Aidin Niamir for his helpful advice regarding climate data analysis. Financial support for this study was provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG) as a grant to Barbara Feldmeyer (FE 1333/7‐1), Thomas Schmitt (SCHM 2645/7‐1), and Florian Menzel (ME 3842/5‐1) and a grant managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR‐10‐LABX‐25‐01) to Jérôme Orivel. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of the Leibniz Association. 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881 |
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Agrawal, Anurag A. ; Boroczky, Katalin ; Haribal, Meena ; Hastings, Amy P. ; White, Ronald, A. ; Jiang, Ren-Wang ; Duplais, Christophe |
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Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds |
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2021 |
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118 |
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For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) growth, sequestration, and oviposition when consuming tropical milkweed ( Asclepias curassavica ), one of two critical host plants worldwide. The most abundant leaf toxin, highly apolar and thiazolidine ring–containing voruscharin, accounted for 40% of leaf cardenolides, negatively predicted caterpillar growth, and was not sequestered. Using whole plants and purified voruscharin, we show that monarch caterpillars convert voruscharin to calotropin and calactin in vivo, imposing a burden on growth. As shown by in vitro experiments, this conversion is facilitated by temperature and alkaline pH. We next employed toxin-target site experiments with isolated cardenolides and the monarch’s neural Na + /K + -ATPase, revealing that voruscharin is highly inhibitory compared with several standards and sequestered cardenolides. The monarch’s typical >50-fold enhanced resistance to cardenolides compared with sensitive animals was absent for voruscharin, suggesting highly specific plant defense. Finally, oviposition was greatest on intermediate cardenolide plants, supporting the notion of a trade-off between benefits and costs of sequestration for this highly specialized herbivore. There is apparently ample opportunity for continued coevolution between monarchs and milkweeds, although the diffuse nature of the interaction, due to migration and interaction with multiple milkweeds, may limit the ability of monarchs to counteradapt. |
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Cottet, K.; Fromentin, Y.; Kritsanida, M.; Grougnet, R.; Odonne, G.; Duplais, C.; Michel, S.; Lallemand, M.-C. |
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Isolation of Guttiferones from Renewable Parts of Symphonia globulifera by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography |
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2015 |
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Planta Medica |
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Planta Medica |
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81 |
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17 |
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1604-1608 |
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centrifugal partition chromatography; Clusiaceae; countercurrent chromatography guttiferones; PPAPs; Symphonia globulifera |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the species Symphonia globulifera, a source of polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferone A, which is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including noticeable antileishmanial properties. Our goal was the identification and the quantification of guttiferone A in different renewable parts of S. globulifera and its preparative isolation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data concerning its mechanism of action. Consequently, it is particularly interesting to isolate it in gram quantities in order to establish structure activity relationship studies. After performing high-performance liquid chromatography profiles detecting the presence of guttiferone A and proceeding to its quantification, a centrifugal partition chromatography methodology using a two-phase solvent system of cyclohexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (20 : 1 : 20 : 1, v/v/v/v) was applied to each extract. In conclusion, a centrifugal partition chromatography system has been developed to ensure a fast, reliable, and scalable way to isolate, with a high level of purity, guttiferone A from five renewable parts of S. globulifera. Moreover, this methodology can be extended to the isolation of other polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferones B, C, and D. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart. |
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Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles Amazoniennes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (Ecologie des forêts de Guyane), Cayenne, France |
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Export Date: 7 January 2016 |
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Aimene, Y.; Dorville, R.; Omrane, A. |
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Optimal control for trees trunk diameter estimation in rain forest ecology |
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2013 |
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Applied Mathematical Sciences |
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7 |
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17-20 |
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807-816 |
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Missing data; Optimal control; Tree trunk diameter |
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We study the optimal control question for an important mechanical problem related to tree trunk diameter variation in tropical forest ecology where some data are missing. Within a cost function, the control problem is formulated with a mechanical model that requires boundary conditions tosolve all equations. We give a characterization of the optimal measurement function for the tree trunk problem. |
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Laboratoire CEREGMIA EA 2440, Université Antilles-Guyane, I.E.S.G Campus de Trou-Biran, Route de Baduel, 97337 Cayenne, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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469 |
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Zalamea, P.C.; Munoz, F.; Stevenson, P.R.; Paine, C.E.T.; Sarmiento, C.; Sabatier, D.; Heuret, P. |
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Continental-scale patterns of Cecropia reproductive phenology: evidence from herbarium specimens |
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2011 |
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Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences |
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Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. |
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278 |
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1717 |
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2437-2445 |
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climate seasonality; reproductive patterns; Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses; herbarium collections; Neotropics; pioneer plants |
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Abstract |
Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring biological events. Though phenology has traditionally been studied using intensive surveys of a local flora, results from such surveys are difficult to generalize to broader spatial scales. In this study, contrastingly, we assembled a continental-scale dataset of herbarium specimens for the emblematic genus of Neotropical pioneer trees, Cecropia, and applied Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses to investigate the reproductive phenology of 35 species. We detected significant annual, sub-annual and continuous patterns, and discuss the variation in patterns within and among climatic regions. Although previous studies have suggested that pioneer species generally produce flowers continually throughout the year, we found that at least one third of Cecropia species are characterized by clear annual flowering behaviour. We further investigated the relationships between phenology and climate seasonality, showing strong associations between phenology and seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature. We also verified our results against field survey data gathered from the literature. Our findings indicate that herbarium material is a reliable resource for use in the investigation of large-scale patterns in plant phenology, offering a promising complement to local intensive field studies. |
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[Zalamea, PC; Sabatier, D] IRD, UMR AMAP, F-34000 Montpellier, France, Email: camilozalamea@gmail.com |
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Royal Soc |
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0962-8452 |
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WOS:000292592000005 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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328 |
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