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Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Barreneche, T.; Pot, D.; Plomion, C.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Distribution of genomic regions differentiating oak species assessed by QTL detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue  |
1 |
Pages |
20-30 |
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Keywords |
QTL; leaf morphology; repeatability; genetic map; Q. robur |
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Abstract |
Pedunculate oak and sessile oak are two sympatric inter-fertile species that exhibit leaf morphological differences. We aimed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits in order to locate genomic regions involved in species differentiation. A total of 15 leaf morphological traits were assessed in a mixed forest stand composed of Quercus petraea and Q. robur and in a full-sib pedigree of Q. robur. The progeny of the full-sib family were vegetatively propagated in two successive experiments comprising 174 and 216 sibs, and assessments were made on two leaves collected on each of the 1080 and 1530 cuttings corresponding to the two experiments. Traits that exhibited strong species differences in the mixed stand tended also to have higher repeatability values in the mapping population, thus indicating higher genetic control. A genetic map was constructed for QTL detection. Composite interval mapping with the one QTL model was used for QTL detection. From one to three QTLs were detected for 13 traits. In-depth analysis of the QTLs, controlling the five morphological traits that exhibited the highest interspecific differences in the mixed stand, indicated that they were distributed on six linkage groups, with two clusters comprising QTLs of at least two discriminant traits. These results were reinforced when error 1 for QTL detection was set at 5% at the chromosome level, as up to nine clusters could be identified. In conclusion, traits involved in interspecific differentiation of oaks are under polygenic control and widespread in clusters across the genome. |
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INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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0018-067X |
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ISI:000187216300005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
267 |
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Author |
Bardet, S.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Influence of basic density and temperature on mechanical properties perpendicular to grain of ten wood tropical species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-59 |
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Keywords |
green wood; tropical wood; transverse mechanical properties; basic density; softening temperature |
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Abstract |
The influence of temperature on transverse mechanical properties of 10 tropical species in green condition was studied in radial compression (0 to 99 degreesC), transverse shear with longitudinal-radial shearing plane and rupture of the longitudinal-tangential plane (20 to 80 degreesC). Basic density ranged from 0.21 to 0.91 g cm(-3). Load-displacement curves were characterised by initial rigidity, yield stress, yield strain and strain energy at 20% strain level. The relation between each criterion and basic density was expressed by a power law. The dependency on temperature evidenced a sharp glassy transition, except for the fracture energy only slightly influenced by temperature. An empirical model allowed evaluating a transition temperature between 51 and 69 degreesC, depending on the species and the criterion, which was attributed to lignin. Detailed analysis of the apparent modulus in radial compression suggested that complex relaxation phenomena occur around 10 degreesC and that the rubbery state is not fully reached at 80 degreesC. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, Equipe Bois, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France |
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E D P SCIENCES |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000181322100006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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275 |
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Guerrero, R.J.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Taxonomic Contribution to the aurita Group of the Ant Genus Azteca (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Hymenoptera Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Hymenopt. Res. |
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19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-65 |
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Abstract |
We describe five new species in the aurita group of the genus Azteca: Azteca andreae sp. n. (French Guiana), Azteca diabolica sp. n. (Panama), Azteca laurae sp. n. (Brazil), Azteca linamariae sp. n. (Brazil and Colombia) and Azteca snellingi sp. n. (Panama). Four of these new species are based on gynes, while the last is based only on the worker caste. All of them bear the aurita group characteristics. The second taxon is remarkable, as it differs from all of the other members of the group in the exaggerated, horn-like extensions of the posterolateral vertex margins. Azteca snellingi sp. n. is named in honor of our colleague, Roy Snelling, in tribute to his life-long contribution to knowledge of the world of Hymenoptera. A key to all known species of the aurita group, based on gynes, is provided. We report also for the first time an intercast case for the genus Azteca, based on an Azteca schimperi specimen. |
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[Guerrero, Roberto J.] Univ Magdalena, INTROPIC, Grp Invest Insectos Neotrop, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, Email: robertojoseguerreroflorez@gmail.com |
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INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS |
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ISSN |
1070-9428 |
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Notes |
ISI:000285775800005 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
279 |
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Author |
Wernsdorfer, H.; Caron, H.; Gerber, S.; Cornu, G.; Rossi, V.; Mortier, F.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Title |
Relationships between demography and gene flow and their importance for the conservation of tree populations in tropical forests under selective felling regimes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conserv. Genet. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-29 |
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Keywords |
Genetic diversity; Gene flow; Population dynamics; Simulation model; Conservation; Forest management |
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Abstract |
Determining how tropical tree populations subject to selective felling (logging) pressure may be conserved is a crucial issue for forest management and studying this issue requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between population demography and gene flow. We used a simulation model, SELVA, to study (1) the relative impact of demographic factors (juvenile mortality, felling regime) and genetic factors (selfing, number and location of fathers, mating success) on long-term genetic diversity; and (2) the impact of different felling regimes on population size versus genetic diversity. Impact was measured by means of model sensitivity analyses. Juvenile mortality had the highest impact on the number of alleles and genotypes, and on the genetic distance between the original and final populations. Selfing had the greatest impact on observed heterozygote frequency and fixation index. Other factors and interactions had only minor effects. Overall, felling had a greater impact on population size than on genetic diversity. Interestingly, populations under relatively low felling pressure even had a somewhat lower fixation index than undisturbed populations (no felling). We conclude that demographic processes such as juvenile mortality should be modelled thoroughly to obtain reliable long-term predictions of genetic diversity. Mortality in selfed and outcrossed progenies should be modelled explicitly by taking inbreeding depression into account. The modelling of selfing based on population rate appeared to be oversimplifying and should account for inter-tree variation. Forest management should pay particular attention to the regeneration capacities of felled species. |
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Address |
[Wernsdoerfer, Holger] Ctr INRA Nancy, INRA, Lab Etude Ressources Foret Bois LERFoB, UMR1092, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: holger.wernsdoerfer@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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ISSN |
1566-0621 |
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Notes |
ISI:000285971900002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
289 |
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Author |
Sarmiento, C.; Patino, S.; Paine, C.E.T.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Within-Individual Variation of Trunk and Branch Xylem Density in Tropical Trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
140-149 |
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Keywords |
branch xylem density; French Guiana; functional trait; tropical trees; trunk xylem density; wood economics |
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Abstract |
Premise of the study : Wood density correlates with mechanical and physiological strategies of trees and is important for estimating global carbon stocks. Nonetheless, the relationship between branch and trunk xylem density has been poorly explored in neotropical trees. Here, we examine this relationship in trees from French Guiana and its variation among different families and sites, to improve the understanding of wood density in neotropical forests. Methods : Trunk and branch xylem densities were measured for 1909 trees in seven sites across French Guiana. A major-axis fit was performed to explore their general allometric relationship and its variation among different families and sites. Key results : Trunk xylem and branch xylem densities were significantly positively correlated, and their relationship explained 47% of the total variance. Trunk xylem was on average 9% denser than branch xylem. Family-level differences and interactions between family and site accounted for more than 40% of the total variance, whereas differences among sites explained little variation. Conclusions : Variation in xylem density within individual trees can be substantial, and the relationship between branch xylem and trunk xylem densities varies considerably among families and sites. As such, whole-tree biomass estimates based on non-destructive branch sampling should correct for both taxonomic and environmental factors. Furthermore, detailed estimates of the vertical distribution of wood density within individual trees are needed to determine the extent to which relying solely upon measures of trunk wood density may cause carbon stocks in tropical forests to be overestimated. |
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Address |
[Sarmiento, Carolina; Patino, Sandra; Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: carolinasar@gmail.com |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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ISSN |
0002-9122 |
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Notes |
ISI:000285747900019 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
290 |
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Author |
Le Lann, C.; Roux, O.; Serain, N.; Van Alphen, J.J.M.; Vernon, P.; Van Baaren, J. |
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Title |
Thermal tolerance of sympatric hymenopteran parasitoid species: does it match seasonal activity? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Physiological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Entomol. |
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36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21-28 |
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Keywords |
Climate change; critical thermal limits; CTmax; CTmin; dry mass; guild; hind tibia length; seasonal activities; surface to volume ratio |
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Abstract |
Climatic changes result in an increased in mean temperature and in a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves. For ectotherms, such as insect parasitoids, the ability to remain active under extreme climatic conditions is a significant key to fitness. The body size of individuals, and in particular their surface to volume ratio, may play a role in their resistance to thermal conditions. The thermal tolerances are investigated of two closely-related sympatric parasitoid species [Aphidius avenae Haliday and Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)] that have a similar ecology but differ in body size and phenologies. The critical thermal limits of individuals are assessed in both sexes of each parasitoid species and the influence of surface volume ratios on their thermal tolerances. Aphidius avenae is less resistant to low temperatures and more resistant to high temperatures than A. rhopalosiphi. The lower surface to volume ratio of A. avenae individuals may help them to remain active in summer when experiencing heat waves. However, body size is not the sole factor that plays a role in differences of thermal tolerance between species and body size may not be an adaptation to extreme temperatures but rather a by-product of developmental regulation. Closely-related sympatric species from the same ecological guild can have different thermal tolerances that may allow them to occur within the same habitat. The present study also highlights the importance of clearly defining how to measure critical thermal limits to determine the thermal tolerance of a species. |
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[Le Lann, Cecile; Serain, Nelly; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.; Vernon, Philippe; Van Baaren, Joan] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France, Email: cecile.lelann@univ-rennes1.fr |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6962 |
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ISI:000287790900004 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
294 |
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Author |
Ruiz-González, M.X.; Lauth, J.; Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
An efficient protocol for isolating melanised chaetothyrialean anamorphic fungi associated with plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Basic Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
98-100 |
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Keywords |
Allomerus ants; Black fungi; Chaetothyriales; Fluorescent staining; Isolation method |
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Abstract |
Because of their ecological characteristics, slow growth rates and the presence of contaminants, Chaetothyriales fungi associated with structures built by tropical plant-ants can be difficult to isolate with standard procedures. Here, we describe an easy-to-use protocol for obtaining pure cultures by using cotton as a first substrate. We have further found by means of fluorescent stains that nuclei concentrate either in young hyphae or in the tips of the hyphae. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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Université de Toulouse, ECOLAB, Toulouse, France |
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Notes |
Export Date: 6 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
461 |
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Author |
Barantal, S.; Roy, J.; Fromin, N.; Schimann, H.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Title |
Long-term presence of tree species but not chemical diversity affect litter mixture effects on decomposition in a neotropical rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
167 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
241-252 |
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Keywords |
Amazonian rainforest; Chemical diversity; Decomposition; Functional diversity indices; Litter traits |
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Plant litter diversity effects on decomposition rates are frequently reported, but with a strong bias towards temperate ecosystems. Altered decomposition and nutrient recycling with changing litter diversity may be particularly important in tree species-rich tropical rainforests on nutrient-poor soils. Using 28 different mixtures of leaf litter from 16 Amazonian rainforest tree species, we tested the hypothesis that litter mixture effects on decomposition increase with increasing functional litter diversity. Litter mixtures and all single litter species were exposed in the field for 9 months using custom-made microcosms with soil fauna access. In order to test the hypothesis that the long-term presence of tree species contributing to the litter mixtures increases mixture effects on decomposition, microcosms were installed in a plantation at sites including the respective tree species composition and in a nearby natural forest where these tree species are absent. We found that mixture decomposition deviated from predictions based on single species, with predominantly synergistic effects. Functional litter diversity, defined as either richness, evenness, or divergence based on a wide range of chemical traits, did not explain the observed litter mixture effects. However, synergistic effects in litter mixtures increased with the long-term presence of tree species contributing to these mixtures as the home field advantage hypothesis assumes. Our data suggest that complementarity effects on mixed litter decomposition may emerge through long-term interactions between aboveground and belowground biota. |
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Address |
[Barantal, S; Roy, J; Fromin, N; Hattenschwiler, S] CEFE CNRS, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sandra.barantal@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Springer |
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0029-8549 |
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WOS:000293914000024 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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336 |
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Author |
Niamke, F.B.; Amusant, N.; Charpentier, J.P.; Chaix, G.; Baissac, Y.; Boutahar, N.; Adima, A.A.; Kati-Coulibaly, S.; Jay-Allemand, C. |
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Title |
Relationships between biochemical attributes (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolics) and natural durability against fungi in dry teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
201-211 |
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Keywords |
Tectona grandis; Teak heartwood; Phenolic compound; Non-structural carbohydrate; Natural durability |
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Introduction Non-structural carbohydrates and phenolic compounds are implicated in the natural durability of wood. In order to find the chemical traits of natural durability in teak wood, the radial distribution of phenolics compounds and non-structural carbohydrates were studied in trees ranked by contrasting natural durability class against Antrodia sp. Methods Non-structural carbohydrates were analyzed by spectrophotometry after enzymatic assays and phenolics compounds using HPLC. Results High concentrations of starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were found in the sapwood, whereas only trace amounts were found in the heartwood. In the sapwood, low concentrations of H1 (a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative) were specifically detected. Tectoquinone was also detected in the sapwood but its content increased dramatically in the heartwood. 2-(Hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone and P1, an unidentified compound, were only detected in the heartwood and at high concentrations (>3 mg equivalent 5-methoxyflavone g(-1) dry weight. Lower concentrations of 1,4-naphthoquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, and lapachol were also only detected in the heartwood. H1 and tectoquinone present in the sapwood could be considered as phenolic precursors of the synthesis of heartwood toxic phenolics in the heartwood. Conclusion Correlations between natural durability and chemical composition of heartwood (quinone derivatives, P1, and non-structural carbohydrates) suggest that P1, 2-(hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone and tectoquinone could be natural durability traits. Heartwood extractives, |
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Address |
[Niamke, FB; Baissac, Y; Jay-Allemand, C] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France, Email: Christian.jay-allemand@univ-montp2.fr |
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Springer France |
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1286-4560 |
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WOS:000290447600021 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
340 |
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Author |
Bréchet, L.; Ponton, S.; Alméras, T.; Bonal, D.; Epron, D. |
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Title |
Does spatial distribution of tree size account for spatial variation in soil respiration in a tropical forest? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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Volume |
347 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
293-303 |
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Keywords |
Forest structure; Litterfall; Root mass; Soil respiration; Spatial variation; Tropical forest; aboveground production; forest inventory; litterfall; range size; size distribution; soil respiration; spatial distribution; spatial variation; stand dynamics; tropical forest |
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We explored the relationship between soil processes, estimated through soil respiration (Rsoil), and the spatial variation in forest structure, assessed through the distribution of tree size, in order to understand the determinism of spatial variations in Rsoil in a tropical forest. The influence of tree size was examined using an index (Ic) calculated for each tree as a function of (1) the trunk cross section area and (2) the distance from the measurement point. We investigated the relationships between Ic and litterfall, root mass and Rsoil, respectively. Strong significant relationships were found between Ic and both litterfall and root mass. Rsoil showed a large range of variations over the 1-ha experimental plot, from 1. 5 to 12. 6 gC m-2 d-1. The best relationship between Ic and Rsoil only explained 17% of the spatial variation in Rsoil. These results support the assumption that local spatial patterns in litter production and root mass depend on tree distribution in tropical forests. Our study also emphasizes the modest contribution of tree size distribution-which is mainly influenced by the presence of the biggest trees (among the large range size of the inventoried trees greater than 10 cm diameter at 1. 30 m above ground level or at 0. 5 m above the buttresses)-in explaining spatial variations in Rsoil. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
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Nancy Université, Université Henri Poincaré, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Faculté des Sciences, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Plsoa; doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0848-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bréchet, L.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana; email: laetitiabrechet@yahoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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345 |
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