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Author Roy, M.; Schimann, H.; Braga-Neto, R.; Da Silva, R.A.E.; Duque, J.; Frame, D.; Wartchow, F.; Neves, M.A. url  openurl
  Title Diversity and Distribution of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Amazonian Lowland White-sand Forests in Brazil and French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 48 Issue (up) 1 Pages 90-100  
  Keywords campina; campinarana; Amanitaceae; Amanitaceae; Boletaceae; Boletaceae; Campina; Campinarana; Herbarium; Herbário; Russulaceae; Russulaceae  
  Abstract White-sand forests are thought to host many ectomycorrhizal fungi, as demonstrated by the numerous fruiting body collections made by Rolf Singer in the lower Rio Negro in the late 1970s. Despite recognition of the importance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in white-sand forests, there has not yet been a systematic examination of diversity and taxonomic composition across white-sand forests, or more widely across lowland Amazonian forests. In an effort to broaden our view of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and distribution on white-sand forests, we collected ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies in 10 plots of white-sand forests in Brazil and French Guiana between 2012 and 2014. We collected 221 specimens and 62 morphospecies, from the 10 plots, confirming that all studied white-sand forests host ectomycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, we searched for taxa associated with white sands among specimens deposited in Brazilian herbaria. We report 1006 unique ectomycorrhizal specimen records in 18 Brazilian herbaria, of which 137 specimens and 64 species are reported from white-sand forests, mainly in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Russulaceae and Amanitaceae were frequent in all habitats, and Cortinarius were more frequent on white sands. Our results highlight the high diversity and heterogeneity of ectomycorrhizal communities on white-sand forests, and the wide distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi throughout Brazil, irrespective of soil type. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil  
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  Notes Cited By :2; Export Date: 12 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 658  
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Author Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. url  openurl
  Title Habitat Endemism in White-sand Forests: Insights into the Mechanisms of Lineage Diversification and Community Assembly of the Neotropical Flora Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 48 Issue (up) 1 Pages 24-33  
  Keywords Amazon; Endemic; Functional traits; Habitat specialization; Niche conservatism; Speciation  
  Abstract White-sand forests represent natural laboratories of evolution over their long history throughout Amazonia and the Guiana Shield and pose significant physiological challenges to the plants and animals they host. The study of diversification in plant lineages comprising species endemic to white-sand forest can therefore give insights into processes of evolution and community assembly in tropical forests. In this article, we synthesize recent studies of white-sand forests to integrate patterns of plant species distribution with processes of lineage diversification and community assembly in the white-sand flora. We contrast lineages that have radiated uniquely in these habitats (e.g., Pagamea, Rubiaceae), with cosmopolitan lineages comprising specialists to white-sand forests and other habitats that may have arisen via ecological speciation across habitat gradients (e.g., Protium, Burseraceae). In both cases, similar suites of functional traits have evolved, including investment in dense, long-lived tissues that are well-defended structurally and chemically. White-sand endemics, therefore, play an important role in biodiversity conservation because they represent unique combinations of functional and phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, white-sand endemics may respond differently than other tropical forest plant species to contemporary global changes because they comprise resilient functional types that may better withstand increased drought, temperature, and invasions of exotic pests in these regions. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address Department of Biological Sciences and International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States  
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  Notes Cited By :3; Export Date: 12 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 659  
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Author Guevara, J.E.; Damasco, G.; Baraloto, C.; Fine, P.V.A.; Peñuela, M.C.; Castilho, C.; Vincentini, A.; Cárdenas, D.; Wittmann, F.; Targhetta, N.; Phillips, O.; Stropp, J.; Amaral, I.; Maas, P.; Monteagudo, A.; Jimenez, E.M.; Thomas, R.; Brienen, R.; Duque, A.; Magnusson, W.; Ferreira, C.; Honorio, E.; de Almeida Matos, F.; Arevalo, F.R.; Engel, J.; Petronelli, P.; Vasquez, R.; ter Steege, H. url  openurl
  Title Low Phylogenetic Beta Diversity and Geographic Neo-endemism in Amazonian White-sand Forests Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 48 Issue (up) 1 Pages 34-46  
  Keywords Amazon; Neo-endemism; Phylogenetic beta diversity; Recent diversification; White sands  
  Abstract Over the past three decades, many small-scale floristic studies of white-sand forests across the Amazon basin have been published. Nonetheless, a basin-wide description of both taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity at regional scales has never been achieved. We present a complete floristic analysis of white-sand forests across the Amazon basin including both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. We found strong regional differences in the signal of phylogenetic community structure with both overall and regional Net Relatedness Index and Nearest Taxon Index values found to be significantly positive leading to a pattern of phylogenetic clustering. Additionally, we found high taxonomic dissimilarity but low phylogenetic dissimilarity in pairwise community comparisons. These results suggest that recent diversification has played an important role in the assembly of white-sand forests causing geographic neo-endemism patterns at the regional scale. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands  
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  Notes Cited By :3; Export Date: 12 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 660  
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Author Lamarre, G.P.A.; Amoretti, D.S.; Baraloto, C.; Bénéluz, F.; Mesones, I.; Fine, P.V.A. url  openurl
  Title Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Lepidoptera Communities of Amazonian White-sand Forests Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 48 Issue (up) 1 Pages 101-109  
  Keywords varillales; Amazon basin; Bottom-up; Lepidoptera composition; Moth, Nymphalidae; Phylogenetic structure  
  Abstract In the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield, white-sand (WS) forests are recognized as a low-resource habitat often composed by a distinct flora with many edaphic endemic plants. Small patches of nutrient-poor white-sand forests can pose a series of challenges to plants and animals. For plants, these challenges have been shown to function as strong filters that in turn drive taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant composition. However, very little is known about animal communities in WS forest and the effect that low-resource availability may have on higher trophic levels. Here, we investigate the diversity of both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of three Lepidoptera families' (Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae) assemblages between low-resource (White-Sand Forest) and two adjacent high-resource habitats, terra firme clay and seasonally flooded forests. We found no clear effect of habitat type on taxonomic composition although butterfly and moth species abundance differed among the three contrasted habitats. The WS forest Lepidoptera community is significantly more phylogenetically overdispersed than expected by chance. We suggest that these low-resource habitats filter the number of plant lineages which, in turn, creates a bottom-up control structuring Lepidoptera phylogenetic structure. We recommend long-term sampling on Lepidoptera community both at larval and adult stages that may complement this study and test hypotheses linking herbivore phylogenetic structure to plant resource availability and trophic cascade theory. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States  
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  Notes Cited By :1; Export Date: 12 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 661  
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Author Houadria, M.; Blüthgen, N.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Schmitt, M.-I.; Arndt, J.; Schneider, E.; Orivel, J.; Menzel, F. url  openurl
  Title The relation between circadian asynchrony, functional redundancy, and trophic performance in tropical ant communities Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Ecology Abbreviated Journal Ecology  
  Volume 97 Issue (up) 1 Pages 225-235  
  Keywords Diel turnover; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity; Multifunctional redundancy; Sampling effect; Temporal partitioning; Tropical rain forests  
  Abstract The diversity-stability relationship has been under intense scrutiny for the past decades, and temporal asynchrony is recognized as an important aspect of ecosystem stability. In contrast to relatively well- studied interannual and seasonal asynchrony, few studies investigate the role of circadian cycles for ecosystem stability. Here, we studied multifunctional redundancy of diurnal and nocturnal ant communities in four tropical rain forest sites. We analyzed how it was influenced by species richness, functional performance, and circadian asynchrony. In two neotropical sites, species richness and functional redundancy were lower at night. In contrast, these parameters did not differ in the two paleotropical sites we studied. Circadian asynchrony between species was pronounced in the neotropical sites, and increased circadian functional redundancy. In general, species richness positively affected functional redundancy, but the effect size depended on the temporal and spatial breadth of the species with highest functional performance. Our analysis shows that high levels of trophic performance were only reached through the presence of such high- performing species, but not by even contributions of multiple, less- efficient species. Thus, these species can increase current functional performance, but reduce overall functional redundancy. Our study highlights that diurnal and nocturnal ecosystem properties of the very same habitat can markedly differ in terms of species richness and functional redundancy. Consequently, like the need to study multiple ecosystem functions, multiple periods of the circadian cycle need to be assessed in order to fully understand the diversity- stability relationship in an ecosystem. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.  
  Address CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, Kourou Cedex, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 17 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 664  
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Author Scotti, I.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Budde, K.B.; Lalague, H. url  openurl
  Title Fifty years of genetic studies: what to make of the large amounts of variation found within populations? Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue (up) 1 Pages 69-75  
  Keywords Intra-specific variation; Microgeography; Natural selection; Population genomics  
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  Address INRA, UMR745 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 667  
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Author Thibaut, B.; Denaud, L.; Collet, R.; Marchal, R.; Beauchene, J.; Mothe, F.; Méausoone, P.-J.; Martin, P.; Larricq, P.; Eyma, F. url  openurl
  Title Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue (up) 1 Pages 163-184  
  Keywords Primary conversion; Secondary processing; Surface quality; Tool wear  
  Abstract Key message: Wood machining is compulsory both for timber separation and the surfacing of wooden objects. The anisotropy, cellular nature and multi-scale level organisation of wood make its cutting complicated to study. During the last 50 years, most of the wood machining subjects were covered by French teams. Context: Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years, much work on basic mechanisms as well as on industrial processes has been done in France. Aims: The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams’ contributions. Results: The basic aspects of the tool–material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing, much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life. Conclusion: A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France.  
  Address ICA, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 668  
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Author Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Stahl, C.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. url  openurl
  Title The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue (up) 1 Pages 27-44  
  Keywords Carbon; Climate; Drought; Global change; Growth; Mortality; Soil; Tropical; Water  
  Abstract Key message: We review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. Context: Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. Aims: Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. Results: This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. Conclusion: The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France.  
  Address National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 669  
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Author Engel, J.; Brousseau, L.; Baraloto, C. url  doi
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  Title GuiaTreeKey, a multi-access electronic key to identify tree genera in French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication PhytoKeys Abbreviated Journal PhytoKeys  
  Volume 68 Issue (up) 1 Pages 27-44  
  Keywords Amazonia; Electronic key; French Guiana; Morphological characters; Neotropics; Trees identification; Xper2  
  Abstract The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic keys to improve Amazonian tree identification. Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic key for the identification of 389 tree genera occurring in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines. The electronic key is accessible with the free access software Xper2, and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.2682550). © Julien Engel et al.  
  Address International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, United States  
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  Notes Export Date: 8 September 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 693  
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Author Salas-Lopez, A.; Mickal, H.; Menzel, F.; Orivel, J. doi  openurl
  Title Ant-mediated ecosystem processes are driven by trophic community structure but mainly by the environment Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal Oecologia  
  Volume 183 Issue (up) 1 Pages 249-261  
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  Abstract The diversity and functional identity of organisms are known to be relevant to the maintenance of ecosystem processes but can be variable in different environments. Particularly, it is uncertain whether ecosystem processes are driven by complementary effects or by dominant groups of species. We investigated how community structure (i.e., the diversity and relative abundance of biological entities) explains the community-level contribution of Neotropical ant communities to different ecosystem processes in different environments. Ants were attracted with food resources representing six ant-mediated ecosystem processes in four environments: ground and vegetation strata in cropland and forest habitats. The exploitation frequencies of the baits were used to calculate the taxonomic and trophic structures of ant communities and their contribution to ecosystem processes considered individually or in combination (i.e., multifunctionality). We then investigated whether community structure variables could predict ecosystem processes and whether such relationships were affected by the environment. We found that forests presented a greater biodiversity and trophic complementarity and lower dominance than croplands, but this did not affect ecosystem processes. In contrast, trophic complementarity was greater on the ground than on vegetation and was followed by greater resource exploitation levels. Although ant participation in ecosystem processes can be predicted by means of trophic-based indices, we found that variations in community structure and performance in ecosystem processes were best explained by environment. We conclude that determining the extent to which the dominance and complementarity of communities affect ecosystem processes in different environments requires a better understanding of resource availability to different species.  
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  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Salas-Lopez2017 Serial 715  
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