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Rifflet, A.; Gavalda, S.; Téné, N.; Orivel, J.; Leprince, J.; Guilhaudis, L.; Génin, E.; Vétillard, A.; Treilhou, M. |
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Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Peptides |
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38 |
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2 |
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363-370 |
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Amp; Ant venom; Antibacterial peptide; Bicarinalin; Esi-Ms/Ms; Staphylococcus; Tetramorium bicarinatum |
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A novel antimicrobial peptide, named Bicarinalin, has been isolated from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum. Its amino acid sequence has been determined by de novo sequencing using mass spectrometry and by Edman degradation. Bicarinalin contained 20 amino acid residues and was C-terminally amidated as the majority of antimicrobial peptides isolated to date from insect venoms. Interestingly, this peptide had a linear structure and exhibited no meaningful similarity with any known peptides. Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and S. xylosus strains were evaluated using a synthetic replicate. Bicarinalin had a potent and broad antibacterial activity of the same magnitude as Melittin and other hymenopteran antimicrobial peptides such as Pilosulin or Defensin. Moreover, this antimicrobial peptide has a weak hemolytic activity compared to Melittin on erythrocytes, suggesting potential for development into an anti-infective agent for use against emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. |
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ThermoFisher Scientific, 16 avenue du Québec, 91963 Courtaboeuf, France |
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Export Date: 15 January 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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456 |
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Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Stien, D.; Eparvier, V.; Espindola, L.S.; Beauchene, J.; Amusant, N.; Lemenager, N.; Baudasse, C.; Raguin, L. |
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The wood preservative potential of long-lasting Amazonian wood extracts |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
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75 |
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146-149 |
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Durable wood extracts; Handroanthus serratifolius; Rotting fungi; Wood preservation |
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Investigations were carried out on the efficacy of extracts from seven Amazonian woods (Bagassa guianensis, Manilkara huberi, Sextonia rubra, Vouacapoua americana, Andira surinamensis, Handroanthus serratifolius, and Qualea rosea) with varying natural durability to reduce soft-rot degradation in a 6-wk soil-bed test. Six of the wood extracts had shown efficacy against soft-rot fungi. In particular, the preservation efficacies of B. guianensis, H. serratifolius, and S. rubra extracts were highly significant up to retention levels of 23, 25, and 12 kg m-3, respectively. Three extracts (A. surinamensis, H. serratifolius, and Q. rosea) were then tested against Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) and Trametes versicolor (white rot), in an agar-block test. H. serratifolius wood extract was very efficient at protecting P. sylvestris samples at 5.1 kg m-3 against the brown rot. This extract could be used as a basis for new wood protectant formulations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Laboratoire de Préservation, CIRAD, 73 rue JF Breton, Montpellier 34398, TA B 40-16, cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 15 January 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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457 |
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Basset, Y.; Cizek, L.; Cuénoud, P.; Didham, R.K.; Guilhaumon, F.; Missa, O.; Novotny, V.; Ødegaard, F.; Roslin, T.; Schmidl, J.; Tishechkin, A.K.; Winchester, N.N.; Roubik, D.W.; Aberlenc, H.-P.; Bail, J.; Barrios, H.; Bridle, J.R.; Castaño-Meneses, G.; Corbara, B.; Curletti, G.; Da Rocha, W.D.; De Bakker, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A.; Fagan, L.L.; Floren, A.; Kitching, R.L.; Medianero, E.; Miller, S.E.; De Oliveira, E.G.; Orivel, J.; Pollet, M.; Rapp, M.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Roisin, Y.; Schmidt, J.B.; Sørensen, L.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Science |
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338 |
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6113 |
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1481-1484 |
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Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models. |
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Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
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Export Date: 27 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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451 |
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Mathieu, A.; Letort, V.; Cournède, P.H.; Zhang, B.G.; Heuret, P.; De Reffye, P. |
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Oscillations in functional structural plant growth models |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena |
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7 |
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6 |
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47-66 |
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Cecropia trees; Cucumber plant; Dynamic system of plant growth; Functional-structural plant models; GreenLab |
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The dynamic model of plant growth GreenLab describes plant architecture and functional growth at the level of individual organs. Structural development is controlled by formal grammars and empirical equations compute the amount of biomass produced by the plant, and its partitioning among the growing organs, such as leaves, stems and fruits. The number of organs initiated at each time step depends on the trophic state of the plant, which is evaluated by the ratio of biomass available in plant to the demand of all the organs. The control of the plant organogenesis by this variable induces oscillations in the simulated plant behaviour. The mathematical framework of the GreenLab model allows to compute the conditions for the generation of oscillations and the value of the period according to the set of parameters. Two case-studies are presented, corresponding to emergence of oscillations associated to fructification and branching. Similar alternating patterns are commonly reported by botanists. In this article, two examples were selected: alternate patterns of fruits in cucumber plants and alternate appearances of branches in Cecropia trees. The model was calibrated from experimental data collected on these plants. It shows that a simple feedback hypothesis of trophic control on plant structure allows the emergence of cyclic patterns corresponding to the observed ones. © EDP Sciences, 2012. |
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CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 27 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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452 |
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Maia, A.C.D.; Gibernau, M.; Carvalho, A.T.; Gonçalves, E.G.; Schlindwein, C. |
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The cowl does not make the monk: Scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae) |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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108 |
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1 |
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22-34 |
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Flower predation; Nocturnal pollinators; Pollination syndromes; Scarabaeidae; Thermogenesis |
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Taccarum ulei (Araceae, Spathicarpeae) is a seasonal geophytic aroid, native to north-eastern Brazil, that flowers during two months of the rainy season. Patterns of floral thermogenesis, pollination biology, and floral traits associated with pollination syndromes were studied and compared with those of other Araceae. Two species of cyclocephaline scarabs (Scarabaeidae, Cyclocephalini) were recognized as effective pollinators: Cyclocephala celata and Cyclocephala cearae. Larvae of an unidentified species of fruit fly (Melanolomaspp., Richardiidae, Diptera) were also frequently observed in inflorescences at various maturation stages, feeding on the connectives of male florets and fruits, and thus lowering the reproductive success of individual plants. Beetles were attracted by odoriferous inflorescences in the early evening of the first day of anthesis, during the female phase. The emission of attractive volatiles was coupled with intense thermogenic activity in the entire spadix, unlike other aroids in which only certain zones of the spadix heat up. Pollen release, which marks the beginning of the male phase on the subsequent evening, was not related to floral thermogenesis. Comparative multivariate analysis of the floral traits of T.ulei points to a beetle-pollinated aroid, although some of the observed traits of the species are not common to other taxa sharing this pollination strategy. Such incongruence might be explained by the evolutionary history of the tribe Spathicarpeae and potential pollinator shifts. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London. |
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Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil |
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Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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453 |
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Fanin, N.; Barantal, S.; Fromin, N.; Schimann, H.; Schevin, P.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Distinct Microbial Limitations in Litter and Underlying Soil Revealed by Carbon and Nutrient Fertilization in a Tropical Rainforest |
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2012 |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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12 |
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e49990 |
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Human-caused alterations of the carbon and nutrient cycles are expected to impact tropical ecosystems in the near future. Here we evaluated how a combined change in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability affects soil and litter microbial respiration and litter decomposition in an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. In a fully factorial C (as cellulose), N (as urea), and P (as phosphate) fertilization experiment we analyzed a total of 540 litterbag-soil pairs after a 158-day exposure in the field. Rates of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) measured in litter and litter mass loss were similarly affected by fertilization showing the strongest stimulation when N and P were added simultaneously. The stimulating NP effect on litter SIR increased considerably with increasing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in litter, suggesting that the combined availability of N, P, and a labile C source has a particularly strong effect on microbial activity. Cellulose fertilization, however, did not further stimulate the NP effect. In contrast to litter SIR and litter mass loss, soil SIR was reduced with N fertilization and showed only a positive effect in response to P fertilization that was further enhanced with additional C fertilization. Our data suggest that increased nutrient enrichment in the studied Amazonian rainforest can considerably change microbial activity and litter decomposition, and that these effects differ between the litter layer and the underlying soil. Any resulting change in relative C and nutrient fluxes between the litter layer and the soil can have important consequences for biogeochemical cycles in tropical forest ecosystems. © 2012 Fanin et al. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e49990 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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454 |
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Barabe, D.; Cuerrier, A.; Quilichini, A. |
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Botanical gardens: Between science and commercialization |
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2012 |
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Natures Sciences Societes |
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20 |
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3 |
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334-342 |
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Les jardins botaniques: Entre science et commercialisation. |
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Enseignante-chercheure en Écologie, CNRS, UMR8172 Icologie des Dorêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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455 |
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Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Corbara, B.; Wright, P.; Roux, O.; LaPierre, L.M. |
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The hunter becomes the hunted: When cleptobiotic insects are captured by their target ants |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Naturwissenschaften |
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99 |
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4 |
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265-273 |
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Ant predation; Cleptobiosis; Flies and Reduviidae; Myrmecophyte; Social wasps; Stingless bees |
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Here we show that trying to rob prey (cleptobiosis) from a highly specialized predatory ant species is risky. To capture prey, Allomerus decemarticulatus workers build gallery-shaped traps on the stems of their associated myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora. We wondered whether the frequent presence of immobilized prey on the trap attracted flying cleptoparasites. Nine social wasp species nest in the H. physophora foliage; of the six species studied, only Angiopolybia pallens rob prey from Allomerus colonies. For those H. physophora not sheltering wasps, we noted cleptobiosis by stingless bees (Trigona), social wasps (A. pallens and five Agelaia species), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), and flies. A relationship between the size of the robbers and their rate of capture by ambushing Allomerus workers was established for social wasps; small wasps were easily captured, while the largest never were. Reduviids, which are slow to extract their rostrum from prey, were always captured, while Trigona and flies often escaped. The balance sheet for the ants was positive vis-à-vis the reduviids and four out of the six social wasp species. For the latter, wasps began by cutting up parts of the prey's abdomen and were captured (or abandoned the prey) before the entire abdomen was retrieved so that the total weight of the captured wasps exceeded that of the prey abdomens. For A. pallens, we show that the number of individuals captured during attempts at cleptobiosis increases with the size of the Allomerus' prey. © Springer-Verlag 2012. |
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Department of Biology, Lower Columbia College, 1600 Maple St., Longview, WA 98632, United States |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 16 January 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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458 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Baraloto, C.; Fortunel, C.; Dávila, N.; Mesones, I.; Rios, J.G.; Ríos, M.; Valderrama, E.; Pilco, M.V.; Fine, P.V.A. |
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Herbivory, growth rates, and habitat specialization in tropical tree lineages: implications for Amazonian beta-diversity |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Ecology |
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Ecology |
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93 |
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sp8 |
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S195-S210 |
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Ecological Society of America |
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0012-9658 |
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doi: 10.1890/11-0397.1 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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459 |
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Barabe, D.; Lacroix, C.; Gibernau, M. |
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Developmental floral morphology of Syngonium in the context of the tribe Caladieae (Araceae) |
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2012 |
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Willdenowia – Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem |
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42 |
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2 |
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297-305 |
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Aroids; Inflorescence; Phylogeny; Oxalate Crystals; Flower |
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The floral development of Syngonium angustatum is analysed in the context of a recently published molecular phylogeny of the Araceae. The initiation of discoid floral primordia occurs acropetally on the surface of the inflorescence. Female flowers, atypical bisexual flowers, sterile male flowers and male flowers are inserted on the same phyllotactic spirals on the spadix. Stamen primordia are initiated simultaneously on the periphery of more or less circular floral primordia. There are four stamens per flower (rarely three). In a synandrium, the fusion of stamens occurs very early during their developmental cycle. In some flowers one or two stamens remain free. The staminodes are also initiated on the periphery of the discoid floral primordium and their number varies from four to six. The growth of the fused staminodes will eventually form a longitudinal cavity in the centre of the mature synandrode. On the synandrodes located near the female zone, one or two staminodes remain free during development. No atypical bisexual flowers were observed on the inflorescence of Syngonium. The presence of a few calcium oxalate crystals was observed on the surface of all types of flowers. All the atypical flowers located at the base of the sterile zone corresponded to sterile male flowers and resulted from a more or less random disorganisation of the typical structure of a synandrode. In the Aroideae, free stamens or staminodes represent a plesiomorphic condition. The association of synandria and synandrodes is present in all early diverging genera of the tribe Caladieae and could represent the ancestral state. It is not clear if free stamens have evolved once or twice in the tribe Caladieae, both scenarios are possible. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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460 |
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