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Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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24 |
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1 |
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208-216 |
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French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
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P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
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[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000273455500024 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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72 |
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Houadria, M.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Orivel, J.; Blüthgen, N.; Menzel, F. |
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Title |
Dietary and Temporal Niche Differentiation in Tropical Ants-Can They Explain Local Ant Coexistence? |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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47 |
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2 |
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208-217 |
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Ants; Baiting; Dietary specialization; Functional traits; Niche breadth; Partitioning; Temporal distribution |
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How species with similar ecological requirements avoid competitive exclusion remains contentious, especially in the species-rich tropics. Niche differentiation has been proposed as a major mechanism for species coexistence. However, different niche dimensions must be studied simultaneously to assess their combined effects on diversity and composition of a community. In most terrestrial ecosystems, ants are among the most abundant and ubiquitous animals. Since they display direct, aggressive competition and often competitively displace subordinate species from resources, niche differentiation may be especially relevant among ants. We studied temporal and trophic niche differentiation in a ground ant community in a forest fragment in French Guiana. Different baits were presented during day and night to assess the temporal and dietary niches of the local species. They represented natural food resources such as sugars, carrion, excrements, seeds, and live prey. In addition, pitfalls provided a background measure of ant diversity. The communities attracted to the different baits significantly differed from each other, and even less attractive baits yielded additional species. We detected species specialized on living grasshoppers, sucrose, seeds, or dead insects. Community-level differences between day and night were larger than those between baits, and many species were temporally specialized. In contrast to commonness, foraging efficiency of species was correlated to food specialization. We conclude that many ant species occupy different temporal or dietary niches. However, for many generalized species, the dietary, and temporal niche differentiation brought forward through our sampling effort, cannot alone explain their coexistence. |
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Department of Biology, Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany |
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Export Date: 17 March 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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585 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Leaf synchrony and insect herbivory among tropical tree habitat specialists |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Plant Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Ecol. |
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215 |
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2 |
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209-220 |
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Escape; French Guiana; Herbivorous insects; Phenology; Resource availability; Time lag |
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Growth defense tradeoff theory predicts that plants in low-resource habitats invest more energy in defense mechanisms against natural enemies than growth, whereas plants in high-resource habitats can afford higher leaf loss rates. A less-studied defense against herbivores involves the synchrony of leaf production, which can be an effective defense strategy if leaf biomass production exceeds the capacity of consumption by insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether leaf synchrony varied across habitats with different available resources and whether insects were able to track young leaf production among tree habitat specialists in a tropical forest of French Guiana. We predicted that high-resource habitats would exhibit more synchrony in leaf production due to the low cost and investment to replace leaf tissue. We also expected closer patterns of leaf synchrony and herbivory within related species, assuming that they shared herbivores. We simultaneously monitored leaf production and herbivory rates of five pairs of tree species, each composed of a specialist of terra firme or white-sand forests within the same lineage. Our prediction was not supported by the strong interaction of habitat and lineage for leaf synchrony within individuals of the same species; although habitat specialists differed in leaf synchrony within four of five lineages, the direction of the effect was variable. All species showed short time lags for the correlation between leaf production and herbivory, suggesting that insects are tightly tracking leaf production, especially for the most synchronous species. Leaf synchrony may provide an important escape defense against herbivores, and its expression appears to be constrained by both evolutionary history and environmental factors. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States |
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13850237 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 24 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Plecf; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Lamarre, G. P. A.; Université Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana; email: greglamarre973@gmail.com; Funding Details: DEB-0743103/0743800, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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530 |
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Clair, B.; Ghislain, B.; Prunier, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Beauchene, J.; Alméras, T. |
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Title |
Mechanical contribution of secondary phloem to postural control in trees: the bark side of the force |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol |
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221 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
209-217 |
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bark; Malvaceae; maturation stress; secondary phloem; tree biomechanics |
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Summary To grow straight, plants need a motor system that controls posture by generating forces to offset gravity. This motor function in trees was long thought to be only controlled by internal forces induced in wood. Here we provide evidence that bark is involved in the generation of mechanical stresses in several tree species. Saplings of nine tropical species were grown tilted and staked in a shadehouse and the change in curvature of the stem was measured after releasing from the pole and after removing the bark. This first experiment evidenced the contribution of bark in the up-righting movement of tree stems. Combined mechanical measurements of released strains on adult trees and microstructural observations in both transverse and longitudinal/tangential plane enabled us to identify the mechanism responsible for the development of asymmetric mechanical stress in the bark of stems of these species. This mechanism does not result from cell wall maturation like in wood, or from the direct action of turgor pressure like in unlignified organs, but is the consequence of the interaction between wood radial pressure and a smartly organized trellis structure in the inner bark. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0028-646x |
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doi: 10.1111/nph.15375 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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853 |
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Jaouen, G.; Fournier, M.; Almeras, T. |
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Title |
Thigmomorphogenesis versus light in biomechanical growth strategies of saplings of two tropical rain forest tree species |
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2010 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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67 |
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2 |
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211 |
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biomechanics; thigmomorphogenesis; height growth strategies; tropical rain forest; French Guiana |
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In the dense tropical rainforest understorey, saplings exhibit different growth strategies aiming at reaching light levels better fitting their ecology. Investing mainly in height growth, at the expense of their width, a lot are close to mechanical instability. Tachigali melinonii, a long living heliophilic tree species, is frequently observed to be extremely slender and supported by neighbours. Such observations suggest an active growth control through the perception of mechanical environment. Mechanical environment or light availability, which one is the most influent on growth and slenderness (H/D)? To test this question, we recorded growth of control and staked saplings of two species with contrasting habits and ecology: T. melinonii, and Dicorynia guianensis, along a natural light gradient. Dicorynia, the more stable, responded more clearly to the staking treatment, showing slenderness increase when light is available, whereas for Tachigali, only light availability governed growth. For Tachigali, growth allocation is mainly governed by light availability and ontogeny, whereas Dicorynia is probably similar to the average tree strategy, using the thigmomorphogenetic physiological process to control its stability. |
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[Jaouen, Gaelle; Almeras, Tancrede] Univ Antilles Guyane, INRA, CNRS,Cirad, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane,AgroParisTech, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: gaelle.jaouen@ecofog.gf |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000276507100012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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61 |
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Royer, M.; Stien, D.; Beauchene, J.; Herbette, G.; McLean, J.P.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Extractives of the tropical wood wallaba (Eperua falcata Aubl.) as natural anti-swelling agents |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Holzforschung |
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Holzforschung |
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64 |
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2 |
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211-215 |
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Wallaba (Eperua falcata) is a tropical wood that is known to have naturally high moisture related dimensional stability. Samples of wallaba heartwood were subjected to differential solvent extraction. Wood pieces that were extracted with methanol showed significantly greater swelling following rehydration from oven dry to 96% relative humidity than non- extracted samples and samples extracted with other solvents. Methanol soluble wallaba heartwood extract was purified by HPLC and the compounds present were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The structure of 13 compounds in methanol extract was identified. The relative proportion of polar compounds in methanol extract was found to be high. The compounds identified are proposed to bind to the polymeric cell wall by means of multiple hydrogen bonds restricting the association of water and therefore act as natural anti-swelling agents. |
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0018-3830 |
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WOS:000274423900010 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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307 |
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Odonne, G.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D. |
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Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia: A review of ethnomedicinal concepts and pharmaco-chemical analysis of traditional treatments to inspire modern phytotherapies |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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199 |
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211-230 |
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Amazonia; Distribution indexes; Ethnomedecine; Interculturality; Leishmaniasis; Medicinal plants; Traditional medicine |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information. Material and methods A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria. Results 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan-Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view. Conclusions The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis. © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd |
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Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France |
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Export Date: 27 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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737 |
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Dejean, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Roux, O.; Orivel, J.; Leroy, C. |
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Does exogenic food benefit both partners in an ant-plant mutualism? the case of Cecropia obtusa and its guest Azteca plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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C. R. Biol. |
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335 |
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3 |
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214-219 |
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Ant-plant mutualisms; Azteca; Cecropia obtusa; Myrmecotrophy; Stable isotopes |
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In the mutualisms involving the myrmecophyte Cecropia obtusa and Azteca ovaticeps or A. alfari, both predatory, the ants defend their host trees from enemies and provide them with nutrients (myrmecotrophy). A. ovaticeps provisioned with prey and then 15N-enriched food produced more individuals than did control colonies (not artificially provisioned). This was not true for A. alfari colonies, possibly due to differences in the degree of maturity of the colonies for the chosen range of host tree sizes (less than 3 m in height). Myrmecotrophy was demonstrated for both Azteca species as provisioning the ants with 15N-enriched food translated into higher δ 15N values in host plant tissues, indicating that nitrogen passed from the food to the plant. Thus, the predatory activity of their guest ants benefits the Cecropia trees not only because the ants protect them from defoliators since most prey are phytophagous insects but also because the plant absorbs nutrients. © 2012 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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IRD, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Équipe BEES-IRD, BP 171, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso |
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16310691 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 15 April 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2012.01.002; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus Agronomique, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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391 |
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Fouquet, A.; Dubut, V.; Hataway, R.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Noonan, B. |
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Isolation and characterisation of 19 microsatellite loci from the Amazonian frog Adenomera andreae (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Conservation Genetics Resources |
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Conserv. Genet. Res. |
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1 |
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1 |
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217-220 |
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Biomedicine |
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Nineteen novel microsatellite loci were isolated from Adenomera andreae, a widespread Amazonian frog considered to be a species complex. Three multiplex kits were optimized. Genetic diversity was assessed in 66 individuals sampled in three populations along the West of the Approuague River catchment (French Guiana). We also tested the multiplex kits in four other Adenomera and nine Leptodactylus species with 43.4 and 17.5% success respectively. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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1877-7252 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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185 |
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Touchard, A.; Dauvois, M.; Arguel, M.-J.; Petitclerc, F.; Leblanc, M.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Nicholson, G.M.; Escoubas, P. |
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Elucidation of the unexplored biodiversity of ant venom peptidomes via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and its application for chemotaxonomy |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Proteomics |
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J. Proteomics |
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105 |
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217-231 |
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Ant venom; Chemotaxonomy; Maldi-Tof Ms; Peptide; Peptidome; Ponerinae; ant venom; cytochrome c oxidase; ant; article; biodiversity; chemotaxonomy; correlational study; DNA sequence; French Guiana; Hymenoptera; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; mitochondrial gene; nonhuman; Odontomachus biumbonatus; Odontomachus haematodus; Odontomachus hastatus; Odontomachus mayi; Odontomachus scalptus; Pachcondyla apicalis; Pachcondyla arhuaca; Pachcondyla commutata; Pachcondyla constricta; Pachcondyla crassinola; Pachcondyla goeldii; Pachcondyla inversa; Pachcondyla marginata; Pachcondyla procidua; Pachcondyla stigma; Pachcondyla verenae; Pachcondyla villosa; peptidomics; phylogeny; priority journal; Animalia; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Odontomachus; Pachycondyla; Pachycondyla apicalis; Pachycondyla stigma; Ponerinae |
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The rise of integrative taxonomy, a multi-criteria approach used in characterizing species, fosters the development of new tools facilitating species delimitation. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of venom peptides from venomous animals has previously been demonstrated to be a valid method for identifying species. Here we aimed to develop a rapid chemotaxonomic tool for identifying ants based on venom peptide mass fingerprinting. The study focused on the biodiversity of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) in French Guiana. Initial experiments optimized the use of automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to determine variations in the mass profiles of ant venoms using several MALDI matrices and additives. Data were then analyzed via a hierarchical cluster analysis to classify the venoms of 17 ant species. In addition, phylogenetic relationships were assessed and were highly correlated with methods using DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. By combining a molecular genetics approach with this chemotaxonomic approach, we were able to improve the accuracy of the taxonomic findings to reveal cryptic ant species within species complexes. This chemotaxonomic tool can therefore contribute to more rapid species identification and more accurate taxonomies. Biological significance: This is the first extensive study concerning the peptide analysis of the venom of both Pachycondyla and Odontomachus ants. We studied the venoms of 17 ant species from French Guiana that permitted us to fine-tune the venom analysis of ponerine ants via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We explored the peptidomes of crude ant venom and demonstrated that venom peptides can be used in the identification of ant species. In addition, the application of this novel chemotaxonomic method combined with a parallel genetic approach using COI sequencing permitted us to reveal the presence of cryptic ants within both the Pachycondyla apicalis and Pachycondyla stigma species complexes. This adds a new dimension to the search for means of exploiting the enormous biodiversity of venomous ants as a source for novel therapeutic drugs or biopesticides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
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Elsevier |
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18767737 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Touchard, A.; UMR-EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou Cedex, France; email: axel.touchard@ecofog.gf; Chemicals/CAS: cytochrome c oxidase, 72841-18-0, 9001-16-5 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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555 |
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