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Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Sonnier, G.; Dreyer, E. |
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Title |
Similar irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with highly different leaf mass to area ratio |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
342-355 |
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Keywords |
functional diversity; light availability; photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rainforest |
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Abstract |
Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis. A weak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species. We concluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective of LMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits. |
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[Dreyer, Erwin] Nancy Univ, INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, IFR Ecosyst Forestiers Agroressources Biomol & Al, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: dreyer@nancy.inra.fr |
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CSIRO PUBLISHING |
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1445-4408 |
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ISI:000275979100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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63 |
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Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Gibernau, M.; Leponce, M.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Nest relocation and high mortality rate in a Neotropical social wasp: Impact of an exceptionally rainy La Nina year |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
333 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35-40 |
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Keywords |
Vespidae; Population size variation; Microevolution; La Nina; French Guiana |
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After noting the forecast of a La Nina episode, associated with heavy rainfall in French Guiana, we monitored the fate of wasp nests before and during the 2006 short rainy season. The population of the most abundant epiponine wasp species, Polybia bistriata, decreased dramatically during the short rainy season (60.6% of the nests disappeared) then remained low for at least 18 months. Colonies that survived moved from the shelter of large, low leaves (a situation well adapted to the previous dry season) of the most frequent substrate tree, Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae), to upper leaves, better ventilated and whose orientation provides good protection from the rain. Therefore, the possibility of moving the nest higher during the first rains following the dry season seems very adaptive as colonies that do not do so are eliminated during the La Nina years, whose frequency will increase with global climate change. (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Dejean, Alain; Gibernau, Marc] CNRS, UMR Ecofog 8172, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000275984200006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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64 |
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Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Quilichini, A.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Comparative Structure and Ontogeny of the Foliar Domatia in Three Neotropical Myrmecophytes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
557-565 |
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Keywords |
anatomy; ant-plant mutualism; Chrysobalanaceae; domatia; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; Maieta guianensis; Melastomataceae; myrmecophyte; ontogeny; Tococa guianensis |
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Abstract |
The origin and timing of the appearance of leaf domatia during the ontogeny of plants are important evolutionary traits driving the maintenance of ant-plant associations. In this study conducted in French Guiana on Hirtella physophora, Maieta guianensis, and Tococa guianensis, we focused on the formation and development of leaf domatia having different morphological origins. We modeled the timing of the onset of these domatia, then compared their morpho-anatomical structure. Although the ontogenetic development of the domatia differed between species, they developed very early in the plant's ontogeny so that we did not note differences in the timing of the onset of these domatia. For H. physophora seedlings, a transitional leaf forms before the appearance of fully developed domatia, whereas in M. guianensis and T. guianensis the domatia forms abruptly without transitional leaves. Moreover, in all cases, the morpho-anatomical structure of the domatia differed considerably from the lamina. All three species had similar morpho-anatomical characteristics for the domatia, indicating a convergence in their structural and functional characteristics. This convergence between taxonomically distant plant species bearing domatia having different morphological origins could be interpreted as a product of the plant's evolution toward the morphology and anatomy most likely to maximize ant recruitment and long-term residence. |
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[Leroy, Celine; Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Celine.Leroy@ecofog.gf |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000276045500003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
65 |
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Freycon, V.; Krencker, M.; Schwartz, D.; Nasi, R.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
The impact of climate changes during the Holocene on vegetation in northern French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Quaternary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Quat. Res. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
220-225 |
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Keywords |
Holocene; Vegetation change; French Guiana; Carbon isotope composition; Soil organic matter |
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Abstract |
The impact of climatic changes that occurred during the last glacial maximum and the Holocene on vegetation changes in the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield are still widely debated. The aim of our study was to investigate whether major changes in vegetation (i.e. transitions between rainforests and C-4 savannas) occurred in northern French Guiana during the Holocene. We measured variations in the delta C-13 of soil organic matter at eight sites now occupied by forest or savannah. The forest sites were selected to cover two regions (forest refugia and peneplains) which are thought to have experienced different intensities of disturbance during the latest Pleistocene and the Holocene. We found that none of the forest sites underwent major disturbances during the Holocene, i.e. they were not replaced by C-4 savannahs or C-4 forest savannahs for long periods. Our results thus suggest that tropical rainforests in northern French Guiana were resilient to drier climatic conditions during the Holocene. Nevertheless, geographical and vertical variations in the C-13 of SOM were compatible with minor changes in vegetation, variations in soil processes or in soil physical properties. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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[Freycon, Vincent] CIRAD, UR Dynam Forestiere, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: vincent.freycon@cirad.fr |
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ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE |
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0033-5894 |
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ISI:000275246700007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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66 |
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Scotti, I.; Calvo-Vialettes, L.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Citterio, M.; Degen, B.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Genetic variation for growth, morphological, and physiological traits in a wild population of the Neotropical shade tolerant rainforest tree Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
319-329 |
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Keywords |
Ecophysiological traits; Heritability; Guiana shield; Amazon; Ecological genetics |
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Abstract |
Quantitative genetic diversity is a fundamental component of the interaction between natural populations and their environment. In breeding programmes, quantitative genetic studies on tropical trees have so far focused on fast-growing, light-demanding species, but no information exists on shade-tolerant, slow-growing species. For this study, 27 3-year-old open-pollinated families of the Neotropical shade-tolerant rainforest tree Sextonia rubra were measured in semicontrolled conditions for 20 morphological, growth, and photosynthesis traits; the effect of genetic relatedness, habitat of provenance, and mother tree status on seedling traits was analysed. Nine traits displayed significant genetic effects, while mother tree status and habitat effects were not significant (P > 0.05) for an y trait. Estimated heritability varied between 0.14 and 0.28, with growth-related traits having the highest values. Additive genetic variation correlated positively with nonheritable variation, suggesting that ecological-evolutionary factors increasing or decreasing additive genetic variance may also affect nonheritable variation in the same direction. Our results suggest that quantitative genetic variability should be taken into account in ecological studies on, and in the management of, natural tropical rainforests; further research is needed to investigate genetic x environment interactions, in particular from the point of view of the genetic response of shade-tolerant plant species to variations in light availability. |
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[Scotti, Ivan; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Bonal, Damien] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000274112600015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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68 |
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Schwalm, C.R.; Williams, C.A.; Schaefer, K.; Arneth, A.; Bonal, D.; Buchmann, N.; Chen, J.Q.; Law, B.E.; Lindroth, A.; Luyssaert, S.; Reichstein, M.; Richardson, A.D. |
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Title |
Assimilation exceeds respiration sensitivity to drought: A FLUXNET synthesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
657-670 |
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Keywords |
biome; carbon cycling; drought; eddy covariance; evaporative fraction; FLUXNET; synthesis |
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Abstract |
The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with an observed and modeled increase in drought incidence and severity, underscores the need to quantify drought effects on carbon cycling and the terrestrial sink. FLUXNET, a global network of eddy covariance towers, provides dense data streams of meteorological data, and through flux partitioning and gap filling algorithms, estimates of net ecosystem productivity (F-NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (P), and ecosystem respiration (R). We analyzed the functional relationship of these three carbon fluxes relative to evaporative fraction (EF), an index of drought and site water status, using monthly data records from 238 micrometeorological tower sites distributed globally across 11 biomes. The analysis was based on relative anomalies of both EF and carbon fluxes and focused on drought episodes by biome and climatic season. Globally P was approximate to 50% more sensitive to a drought event than R. Network-wide drought-induced decreases in carbon flux averaged -16.6 and -9.3 g C m-2 month-1 for P and R, i.e., drought events induced a net decline in the terrestrial sink. However, in evergreen forests and wetlands drought was coincident with an increase in P or R during parts of the growing season. The most robust relationships between carbon flux and EF occurred during climatic spring for F-NEP and in climatic summer for P and R. Upscaling flux sensitivities to a global map showed that spatial patterns for all three carbon fluxes were linked to the distribution of croplands. Agricultural areas exhibited the highest sensitivity whereas the tropical region had minimal sensitivity to drought. Combining gridded flux sensitivities with their uncertainties and the spatial grid of FLUXNET revealed that a more robust quantification of carbon flux response to drought requires additional towers in all biomes of Africa and Asia as well as in the cropland, shrubland, savannah, and wetland biomes globally. |
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[Schwalm, Christopher R.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA, Email: cschwalm@clarku.edu |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000274419400014 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
69 |
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Chave, J.; Navarrete, D.; Almeida, S.; Alvarez, E.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Bonal, D.; Chatelet, P.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Goret, J.Y.; von Hildebrand, P.; Jimenez, E.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Phillips, O.L.; Stevenson, P.; Malhi, Y. |
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Title |
Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-55 |
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The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation, in dry mass units). Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01 +/- 3.41 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74 +/- 1.83 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69 +/- 0.40 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall increases with soil fertility, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results. |
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[Chave, J.] CNRS UPS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, Toulouse, France, Email: chave@cict.fr |
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COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH |
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1726-4170 |
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ISI:000274058100004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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70 |
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Author |
Coutand, C.; Chevolot, M.; Lacointe, A.; Rowe, N.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Mechanosensing of stem bending and its interspecific variability in five neotropical rainforest species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
341-347 |
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Keywords |
Mechanosensing; interspecific variability; trees; lianas; rain forest; neotropical species; bending; biomechanics; Bauhinia; Eperua; Symphonia; Tachigali |
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In rain forests, sapling survival is highly dependent on the regulation of trunk slenderness (height/diameter ratio): shade-intolerant species have to grow in height as fast as possible to reach the canopy but also have to withstand mechanical loadings (wind and their own weight) to avoid buckling. Recent studies suggest that mechanosensing is essential to control tree dimensions and stability-related morphogenesis. Differences in species slenderness have been observed among rainforest trees; the present study thus investigates whether species with different slenderness and growth habits exhibit differences in mechanosensitivity. Recent studies have led to a model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strains model) that predicts a quantitative relationship between the applied sum of longitudinal strains and the plant's responses in the case of a single bending. Saplings of five different neotropical species (Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, Tachigali melinonii, Symphonia globulifera and Bauhinia guianensis) were subjected to a regimen of controlled mechanical loading phases (bending) alternating with still phases over a period of 2 months. Mechanical loading was controlled in terms of strains and the five species were subjected to the same range of sum of strains. The application of the sum-of-strain model led to a dose-response curve for each species. Dose-response curves were then compared between tested species. The model of mechanosensing (sum-of-strain model) applied in the case of multiple bending as long as the bending frequency was low. A comparison of dose-response curves for each species demonstrated differences in the stimulus threshold, suggesting two groups of responses among the species. Interestingly, the liana species B. guianensis exhibited a higher threshold than other Leguminosae species tested. This study provides a conceptual framework to study variability in plant mechanosensing and demonstrated interspecific variability in mechanosensing. |
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[Coutand, Catherine; Lacointe, Andre] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, PIAF, UMR 547, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: coutand@clermont.inra.fr |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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ISI:000274347000025 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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71 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
208-216 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
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Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000273455500024 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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72 |
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Author |
Courtois, E.A.; Paine, C.E.T.; Blandinieres, P.A.; Stien, D.; Bessiere, J.M.; Houel, E.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Diversity of the Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by 55 Species of Tropical Trees: a Survey in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Chem. Ecol. |
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35 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1349-1362 |
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Keywords |
VOCs; Chemical diversity; Sesquiterpenes; Tropical; French Guiana |
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Abstract |
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by a broad range of organisms, from bacteria to mammals, and they represent a vast chemical diversity. In plants, one of the preeminent roles of VOCs is their repellent or cytotoxic activity, which helps the plant deter its predators. Most studies on VOCs emitted by vegetative parts have been conducted in model plant species, and little is known about patterns of VOC emissions in diverse plant communities. We conducted a survey of the VOCs released immediately after mechanical damage of the bark and the leaves of 195 individual trees belonging to 55 tropical tree species in a lowland rainforest of French Guiana. We discovered a remarkably high chemical diversity, with 264 distinct VOCs and a mean of 37 compounds per species. Two monoterpenes (alpha-pinene and limonene) and two sesquiterpenes (beta-caryophyllene and alpha-copaene), which are known to have cytotoxic and deterrent effects, were the most frequent compounds in the sampled species. As has been established for floral scents, the blend of VOCs is largely species-specific and could be used to discriminate among 43 of the 55 sampled species. The species with the most diverse blends were found in the Sapindales, Laurales, and Magnoliales, indicating that VOC diversity is not uniformly distributed among tropical species. Interspecific variation in chemical diversity was caused mostly by variation in sesquiterpenes. This study emphasizes three aspects of VOC emission by tropical tree species: the species-specificity of the mixtures, the importance of sesquiterpenes, and the wide-ranging complexity of the mixtures. |
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[Courtois, Elodie A.; Blandinieres, Pierre-Alain; Stien, Didier; Houel, Emeline] CNRS, UMR Ecofog, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: courtois@cict.fr |
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0098-0331 |
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ISI:000273086100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
73 |
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