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Ruiz-González, M.X.; Lauth, J.; Leroy, C.; Jauneau, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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An efficient protocol for isolating melanised chaetothyrialean anamorphic fungi associated with plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Basic Microbiology |
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53 |
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1 |
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98-100 |
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Allomerus ants; Black fungi; Chaetothyriales; Fluorescent staining; Isolation method |
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Because of their ecological characteristics, slow growth rates and the presence of contaminants, Chaetothyriales fungi associated with structures built by tropical plant-ants can be difficult to isolate with standard procedures. Here, we describe an easy-to-use protocol for obtaining pure cultures by using cotton as a first substrate. We have further found by means of fluorescent stains that nuclei concentrate either in young hyphae or in the tips of the hyphae. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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Université de Toulouse, ECOLAB, Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 6 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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461 |
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Sist, P.; Brown, N. |
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Title |
Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz |
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2004 |
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Biodiversity and Conservation |
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13 |
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12 |
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2381-2385 |
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0960-3115 |
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WOS:000225691300011 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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308 |
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Sist, P.; Fimbel, R.; Sheil, D.; Nasi, R.; Chevallier, M.H. |
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Towards sustainable management of mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Environmental Conservation |
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30 |
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4 |
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364-374 |
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Selective logging applied in tropical forests is based on one universal criterion: a minimum diameter cutting limit for all commercial timber species. Minimum diameter cutting limits in mixed dipterocarp forests of the Malesia region lead to high felling intensities (10-20+ trees ha(-1)). Such extraction rates create massive stand damage (> 50% of the remaining tree population), which has a negative impact on the regeneration and growth of many harvested dipterocarp, species. As such, the minimum diameter cutting limit approach is seldom compatible with sustainable forest management. Where basic ecological characteristics of the commercial species are considered in timber harvesting prescriptions, mixed dipterocarp, forests appear capable of sustained timber yields, habitat conservation, and providing other goods and services. This paper first presents the main silvicultural systems developed in mixed dipterocarp, forests of Western Malesia and then reviews current knowledge of dipterocarp, biology to finally develop guidelines aimed at improving the ecological sustainability of production forests of Western Malesia. These guidelines, a pragmatic reflection of science and 'best guess' judgement, include: (1) integration of reduced-impact logging practices into normal management operations; (2) cutting of eight trees ha(-1) or less (with a felling cycle of 40-60 years to be determined according to local conditions); (3) defining minimum diameter cutting limits according to the structure, density and diameter at reproduction of target species; (4) avoiding harvesting species with less than one adult tree ha(-1) (diameter at breast height [dbh] greater than or equal to 50 cm over an area of 50-100 ha); (5) minimizing the size and connectivity of gaps (< 600 m(2) whenever possible); (6) refraining from treatments such as understorey clearing; and (7) providing explicit protection for key forest species and the ecological processes they perform. Further refinement is encouraged to allow for local conditions, and for other forest types. |
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0376-8929 |
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WOS:000188812100007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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309 |
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Sist, P.; Picard, N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Title |
Sustainable cutting cycle and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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60 |
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8 |
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803-814 |
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Based on a 6 year monitoring of the dynamics of a mixed dipterocarp forest in East Borneo (1990-1996), we built a matrix model to predict the sustainable cutting cycle in relation with the extraction and damage rates. Plots were ordered according to three main groups of damage and logging intensity. The first group G1 gathered slightly damaged plots with a remaining basal area greater than or equal to80% of the original (mean logging intensity = 6 trees ha(-1)). Plots belonging to G2, had a remaining basal area varying between 70 and 79% of the original one (mean logging intensity = 8 trees ha(-1)). Finally, G3 gathers highly damaged plots with a remaining basal area < 70% of the original one and a high logging intensity (mean = 14 trees ha(-1)). The mean sustainable cutting cycles predicted in the three groups were significantly different and equal 27, 41 and 89 years in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. However, the respective mean annual extracted volumes were similar: 1.6, 1.8 and 1.4 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1), respectively in G1, G2 and G3. The model suggests that a 40 year cycle, extracting 8 trees ha(-1) (60 m(3) ha(-1)) and an annual volume of 1.5 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1) is the best option to preserve ecological integrity of the forest, to ensure yield sustainability and, according to existing cost analysis, economic profitability. This result is also consistent with other studies which already demonstrated that logging damage reduction using RIL techniques could be only significant with a moderate felling intensity not exceeding 8 trees ha(-1). This felling intensity threshold can be easily achieved by applying simple harvesting rules. |
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1286-4560 |
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WOS:000221039000007 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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310 |
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Author |
Sist, P.; Sheil, D.; Kartawinata, K.; Priyadi, H. |
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Title |
Reduced-impact logging in Indonesian Borneo: some results confirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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179 |
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1-3 |
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415-427 |
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Reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional techniques (CNV) were compared in a mixed dipterocarp hill forest in East Kalimantan in three blocks of about 100 ha each. Damage was evaluated using pre- and post-harvesting assessments in 24 one-hectare sample plots. RIL techniques nearly halved the number of trees destroyed (36 vs 60 trees/ha). RIL's main benefit was in the reduction of skidding damage (9.5% of the original tree population in RIL vs 25% in CNV). Before logging, mean canopy openness in CNV (three plots only) and RIL (9 plots) was similar (3.6 and 3.1%) and not significantly different (x(2) = 2.73, P = 0.254). After logging, the mean canopy openness was 19.2% in CNV (n = 9 plots) and 13.3% in RIL (n = 8 plots), and the distributions of the canopy class in RIL and CNV significantly different x(2) = 43.56, P < 0.001). CNV plots showed a higher proportion of measurements in the most open class greater than or equal to30% than in RIL. At a larger scale, the area of skidtrail per unit timber volume extracted was halved in the RIL compartment (15 m(2) vs 27 m(2) m(-3) for CNV). However, under high felling intensity (>8 trees/ha), both stand damage and canopy disturbance in RIL approached those recorded in CNV under low or moderate felling regime. Over this felling intensity threshold the effectiveness of RIL in reducing tree damage is limited. In mixed dipterocarp forest where harvestable timber density generally exceeds 10 trees/ha, a minimum diameter felling limit is clearly insufficient to keep extraction rates below 8 trees/ha. Based on these new results and previous studies in Borneo, we suggest three silvicultural rules: (1) to keep a minimum distance between stumps of ca. 40 m, (2) to ensure only single tree gaps using directional felling, (3) to harvest only stems with 60-100 cm dbh. Foresters, policy makers and certifiers should consider these as criteria for sustainable forest management. We emphasise the need to expand harvesting studies to look at impacts and trade-offs across larger forest landscapes, to expand RIL beyond silvicultural concepts and to include the maintenance of other forest goods and services. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000183836300033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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311 |
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Sist, P.; Nguyen-The, N. |
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Logging damage and the subsequent dynamics of a dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan (1990-1996) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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165 |
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1-3 |
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85-103 |
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The effects of logging damage on forest dynamics processes were assessed in a lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. From 1990 to 1991, twelve 4 ha plots (200 m x 200 m) each divided into four I ha subplots were set up and all trees with dbh greater than or equal to 10 cm measured and identified at least at the generic level. Logging was carried out from November 1991 to March 1992 in nine plots while three plots served as control. The 48 subplots were grouped according to the proportion Of remaining basal area after harvesting, as follows: group I with more than 80% of the original basal area remaining, group 2 with 70-79%, group 3 with less than 70%, and group 4 as control plots. Remeasurements were carried out just after logging in 1992 and then every 2 years until 1996. Felling intensity varied from I to 17 stems ha(-1) (50-250 m(3) ha(-1)). In primary forest, mean annual mortality remained constant to 1.5% per year throughout the study period while mean annual mortality rate was significantly higher in logged-over forest (2.6% per year). This higher rate resulted from a higher mortality of injured trees (4.9% per year). Four years after logging, mortality rates in logged-over and primary forest were similar. Recruitment remained constant at 8 trees ha(-1) per year in primary forest and varied from 14 to 32 trees ha(-1) per year in logged-over stand in proportion with the amount of damage. In stands with the lowest remaining basal area, the establishment and growth of dipterocarps was strongly limited by the strong regeneration of pioneer species. This study suggests that total basal area removed by logging in primary forest (harvested trees and trees killed during felling and skidding) should not exceed 15% of the original one; reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques applied with a maximum harvesting intensity of 8 trees ha(-1), can keep logging damage under this threshold. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000176620100008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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312 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Functional traits of individual trees reveal ecological constraints on community assembly in tropical rain forests |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oikos |
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120 |
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5 |
Pages |
720-727 |
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Niche differentiation and ecological filtering are primary ecological processes that shape community assembly, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Analyses of the distributions of functional traits can provide insight into the community structure generated by these processes. We predicted the trait distributions expected under the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering, then tested these predictions with a dataset of 4672 trees located in nine 1-ha plots of tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Five traits related to leaf function (foliar N concentration, chlorophyll content, toughness, tissue density and specific leaf area), and three traits related to stem function (trunk sapwood density, branch sapwood density, and trunk bark thickness), as well as laminar surface area, were measured on every individual tree. There was far more evidence for environmental filtering than for niche differentiation in these forests. Furthermore, we contrasted results from species-mean and individual-level trait values. Analyses that took within-species trait variation into account were far more sensitive indicators of niche differentiation and ecological filtering. Species-mean analyses, by contrast, may underestimate the effects of ecological processes on community assembly. Environmental filtering appeared somewhat more intense on leaf traits than on stem traits, whereas niche differentiation affected neither strongly. By accounting for within-species trait variation, we were able to more properly consider the ecological interactions among individual trees and between individual trees and their environment. In so doing, our results suggest that the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering may be more pervasive than previously believed. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0030-1299 |
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ISI:000289740200008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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313 |
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Martin, J.M.; Roux, O.; Groc, S.; Dejean, A. |
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A type of unicoloniality within the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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334 |
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4 |
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307-310 |
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Ants; Solenopsis saevissima; Native range; Unicoloniality |
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To determine if a type of unicoloniality exists in the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range, we conducted intraspecific aggressiveness tests in French Guiana between workers originating from 15 human-disturbed sites. We identified two “colonial groups” spread over 54 km and 12.5 km, respectively. Workers from the same group never attacked each other, but inter-group confrontations resulted in a high level of aggressiveness. These large “colonial groups” enhances the threat occasioned by S. saevissima for both agriculture and the environment. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Martin, Jean-Michel; Roux, Olivier; Groc, Sarah; Dejean, Alain] Ecol Forets de Guyane UMR CNRS 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000290364200007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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314 |
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Chevolot, M.; Louisanna, E.; Azri, W.; Leblanc-Fournier, N.; Roeckel-Drevet, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Isolation of primers for candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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7 |
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3 |
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655-661 |
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Population genomics; Functional gene; Mechanical signals; Fabaceae |
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Mechanical signals have an impact on plant development. Tropical rainforest trees display large variability for life-history traits related to biomechanics and therefore are a unique study system to better understand biomechanical trait variability from an evolutionary perspective. From sequences and gene expression data available in model species, we developed specific primers for six candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five tropical species. Most of the gene sequences were polymorphic in most species. |
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[Chevolot, Malia; Louisanna, Eliane; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Springer Heidelberg |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000290571900018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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315 |
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Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Prey Capture Behavior in an Arboreal African Ponerine Ant |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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6 |
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5 |
Pages |
e19837 |
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I studied the predatory behavior of Platythyrea conradti, an arboreal ponerine ant, whereas most species in this subfamily are ground-dwelling. The workers, which hunt solitarily only around dusk, are able to capture a wide range of prey, including termites and agile, nocturnal insects as well as diurnal insects that are inactive at that moment of the Nyctemeron, resting on tree branches or under leaves. Prey are captured very rapidly, and the antennal palpation used by ground-dwelling ponerine species is reduced to a simple contact; stinging occurs immediately thereafter. The venom has an instant, violent effect as even large prey (up to 30 times the weight of a worker) never struggled after being stung. Only small prey are not stung. Workers retrieve their prey, even large items, singly. To capture termite workers and soldiers defending their nest entrances, ant workers crouch and fold their antennae backward. In their role as guards, the termites face the crouching ants and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. This is likely due to volatile secretions produced by the ants' mandibular gland. The same behavior is used against competing ants, including territorially-dominant arboreal species that retreat further and further away, so that the P. conradti finally drive them from large, sugary food sources. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000290483600033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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316 |
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