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Fukami, T.; Nakajima, M.; Fortunel, C.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C.; Russo, S.E.; Peay, K.G. |
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Title |
Geographical variation in community divergence: insights from tropical forest monodominance by ectomycorrhizal trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
American Naturalist |
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Volume |
190 |
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Pages |
S105-S122 |
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Community assembly; Mycorrhizae; Plant traits; Plant-soil feedback; Priority effects; Species pools |
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Abstract |
Convergence occurs in both species traits and community structure, but how convergence at the two scales influences each other remains unclear. To address this question, we focus on tropical forest monodominance, in which a single, often ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species occasionally dominates forest stands within a landscape otherwise characterized by diverse communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. Such monodominance is a striking potential example of community divergence resulting in alternative stable states. However, it is observed only in some tropical regions. A diverse suite of AM and EM trees locally codominate forest stands elsewhere. We develop a hypothesis to explain this geographical difference using a simulation model of plant community assembly. Simulation results suggest that in a region with a few EM species (e.g., South America), EM trees experience strong selection for convergent traits that match the abiotic conditions of the environment. Consequently, EM species successfully compete against other species to form monodominant stands via positive plant-soil feedbacks. By contrast, in a region with many EM species (e.g., Southeast Asia), species maintain divergent traits because of complex plant-soil feedbacks, with no species having traits that enablemonodominance. An analysis of plant trait data from Borneo and Peruvian Amazon was inconclusive. Overall, this work highlights the utility of geographical comparison in understanding the relationship between trait convergence and community convergence. © 2017 by The University of Chicago. |
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School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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761 |
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Fyllas, N.M.; Patino, S.; Baker, T.R.; Nardoto, G.B.; Martinelli, L.A.; Quesada, C.A.; Paiva, R.; Schwarz, M.; Horna, V.; Mercado, L.M.; Santos, A.; Arroyo, L.; Jimenez, E.M.; Luizao, F.J.; Neill, D.A.; Silva, N.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Silviera, M.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Malhi, Y.; Phillips, O.L.; Lloyd, J. |
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Title |
Basin-wide variations in foliar properties of Amazonian forest: phylogeny, soils and climate |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
11 |
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2677-2708 |
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We analysed 1040 individual trees, located in 62 plots across the Amazon Basin for leaf mass per unit area (M-A), foliar carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13) and leaf level concentrations of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Al. All trees were identified to the species level with the dataset containing 58 families, 236 genera and 508 species, distributed across a wide range of soil types and precipitation regimes. Some foliar characteristics such as M-A, [C], [N] and [Mg] emerge as highly constrained by the taxonomic affiliation of tree species, but with others such as [P], [K], [Ca] and delta C-13 also strongly influenced by site growing conditions. By removing the environmental contribution to trait variation, we find that intrinsic values of most trait pairs coordinate, although different species ( characterised by different trait suites) are found at discrete locations along a common axis of coordination. Species that tend to occupy higher fertility soils are characterised by a lower M-A and have a higher intrinsic [N], [P], [K], [Mg] and delta C-13 than their lower fertility counterparts. Despite this consistency, different scaling patterns were observed between low and high fertility sites. Inter-relationships are thus substantially modified by growth environment. Analysing the environmental component of trait variation, we found soil fertility to be the most important predictor, influencing all leaf nutrient concentrations and delta C-13 and reducing M-A. Mean annual temperature was negatively associated with leaf level [N], [P] and [K] concentrations. Total annual precipitation positively influences M-A, [C] and delta C-13, but with a negative impact on [Mg]. These results provide a first basis for understanding the relationship between the physiological functioning and distribution of tree species across Amazonia. |
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[Fyllas, N. M.; Baker, T. R.; Quesada, C. A.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Phillips, O. L.; Lloyd, J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: n.fyllas@leeds.ac.uk |
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COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS |
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1726-4170 |
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ISI:000272232200025 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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92 |
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Gao, H.; Grüschow, S.; Barke, J.; Seipke, R.F.; Hill, L.M.; Orivel, J.; Yu, D.W.; Hutchings, M.; Goss, R.J.M. |
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Title |
Filipins: The first antifungal “weed killers” identified from bacteria isolated from the trap-ant |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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RSC Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
RSC Adv. |
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4 |
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100 |
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57267-57270 |
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Keywords |
Anti-fungal |
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Allomerus ants ensure that they have sufficient nitrogen in their diet by trapping and consuming other insects. In order to construct their traps, like the more extensively studied leaf cutter ants, they employ fungal farming. Pest management within these fungal cultures has been speculated to be due to the ants' usage of actinomycetes capable of producing antifungal compounds, analogous to the leafcutter ant mutualism. Here we report the first identification of a series of antifungal compounds, the filipins, and their associated biosynthetic genes isolated from a bacterium associated with this system. |
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State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyKunming, Yunnan, China |
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Royal Society of Chemistry |
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20462069 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 November 2014; Coden: Rscac; Correspondence Address: Goss, R.J.M.; School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsUnited Kingdom; Funding Details: 311848, EC, European Commission |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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567 |
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Garcia-Davila, C.; Aldana Gomero, D.; Renno, J.-F.; Diaz Soria, R.; Hidalgo Pizango, G.; Flores Llampazo, G.; Castro-Ruiz, D.; Mejia de Loayza, E.; Angulo Chavez, C.; Mader, M.; Tysklind, N.; Paredes-Villanueva, K.; del Castillo Torres, D.; Degen, B.; Honorio Coronado, E.N. |
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Title |
Molecular evidence for three genetic species of Dipteryx in the Peruvian Amazon |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Genetica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetica |
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148 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Keywords |
D. micrantha; Dipteryx charapilla; Genetic diversity; Microsatellites; Sequencing; Shihuahuaco; microsatellite DNA; plant DNA; allele; Dipteryx; DNA sequence; genetic variation; genetics; genotype; haplotype; Peru; phylogeny; plastid; river; species difference; Alleles; Dipteryx; DNA, Plant; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Haplotypes; Microsatellite Repeats; Peru; Phylogeny; Plastids; Rivers; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity |
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There is a high international demand for timber from the genus Dipteryx, or “shihuahuaco” as it is known in Peru. Developing tools that allow the identification and discrimination of Dipteryx species is therefore important for supporting management of natural populations and to underpin legal trade of its timber. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of Dipteryx species in the Peruvian Amazonia. Two plastid regions (cpDNA: trnH–psbA and matK) were sequenced and 11 microsatellite markers (nDNA) were genotyped for 32 individuals identified as Dipteryx charapilla, D. micrantha morphotype 1 and D. micrantha morphotype 2. Using the concatenated sequences of the plastid genes, we identified ten haplotypes that were not shared between the species or between the D. micrantha morphotypes. Haplotypic diversity was greater in D. micrantha morphotype 2 and D. charapilla than in D. micrantha morphotype 1, which presented only one haplotype with a wide distribution in Peru. The microsatellites allowed the discrimination of the same three clades and identified diagnostic alleles for each clade. These results allowed us to demonstrate that the two morphotypes of D. micrantha are different at both the plastid and nuclear markers, which supports the existence of three genetically distinct species in Peru. This study provides information for the genetic discrimination of Dipteryx species and emphasises the importance of conserving the genetic variability of this genus in the Peruvian Amazonia. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
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Carrera de Ingeniería Foresta, Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, Santa Cruz, Bolivia |
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Springer |
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00166707 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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990 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, A.; Sardans, J.; Granda, V.; Llusià, J.; Peguero, G.; Asensio, D.; Ogaya, R.; Urbina, I.; Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Chave, J.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Grau, O.; Klem, K.; Urban, O.; Janssens, I.A.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Different “metabolomic niches” of the highly diverse tree species of the French Guiana rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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10 |
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6937 |
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Keywords |
article; ecological niche; French Guiana; metabolome; plant leaf; rainy season; reproduction; stress; tropical rain forest |
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Tropical rainforests harbor a particularly high plant diversity. We hypothesize that potential causes underlying this high diversity should be linked to distinct overall functionality (defense and growth allocation, anti-stress mechanisms, reproduction) among the different sympatric taxa. In this study we tested the hypothesis of the existence of a metabolomic niche related to a species-specific differential use and allocation of metabolites. We tested this hypothesis by comparing leaf metabolomic profiles of 54 species in two rainforests of French Guiana. Species identity explained most of the variation in the metabolome, with a species-specific metabolomic profile across dry and wet seasons. In addition to this “homeostatic” species-specific metabolomic profile significantly linked to phylogenetic distances, also part of the variance (flexibility) of the metabolomic profile was explained by season within a single species. Our results support the hypothesis of the high diversity in tropical forest being related to a species-specific metabolomic niche and highlight ecometabolomics as a tool to identify this species functional diversity related and consistent with the ecological niche theory. © 2020, The Author(s). |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France |
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Nature Research |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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930 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Sardans, Jordi ; Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad ; Klem, Karel ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Ramirez-Rojas, Irène ; Donald, Julian ; Leroy, Celine ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verbruggen, Erik ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Urban, Otmar ; Penuelas, Josep |
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Tree Species and Epiphyte Taxa Determine the “Metabolomic niche” of Canopy Suspended Soils in a Species-Rich Lowland Tropical Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Metabolites |
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11 |
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11 |
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Bacteria, Canopy soils, Epiphyte, French Guiana, Metabolomics |
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Tropical forests are biodiversity hotspots, but it is not well understood how this diversity is structured and maintained. One hypothesis rests on the generation of a range of metabolic niches, with varied composition, supporting a high species diversity. Characterizing soil metabolomes can reveal fine-scale differences in composition and potentially help explain variation across these habitats. In particular, little is known about canopy soils, which are unique habitats that are likely to be sources of additional biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. We studied the effects of diverse tree species and epiphytes on soil metabolomic profiles of forest floor and canopy suspended soils in a French Guianese rainforest. We found that the metabolomic profiles of canopy suspended soils were distinct from those of forest floor soils, differing between epiphyte-associated and non-epiphyte suspended soils, and the metabolomic profiles of suspended soils varied with host tree species, regardless of association with epiphyte. Thus, tree species is a key driver of rainforest suspended soil metabolomics. We found greater abundance of metabolites in suspended soils, particularly in groups associated with plants, such as phenolic compounds, and with metabolic pathways related to amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism, due to the greater relative proportion of tree and epiphyte organic material derived from litter and root exudates, indicating a strong legacy of parent biological material. Our study provides evidence for the role of tree and epiphyte species in canopy soil metabolomic composition and in maintaining the high levels of soil metabolome diversity in this tropical rainforest. It is likely that a wide array of canopy microsite-level environmental conditions, which reflect interactions between trees and epiphytes, increase the microscale diversity in suspended soil metabolomes |
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MDPI |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1041 |
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Ghislain, B.; Alméras, T.; Prunier, J.; Clair, B. |
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Contributions of bark and tension wood and role of the G-layer lignification in the gravitropic movements of 21 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
107 |
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Bark; Biomechanics; G-layer; Lignification; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Magnoliophyta |
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Key message: Gravitropic movements in angiosperm woody stems are achieved through the action of bark and/or wood motor, depending on the bark and wood fibre anatomy (with trellis structure or not; with G-layers or not). Bark motor is as efficient as wood motor to recover from tilting in young trees of 21 tropical species. Context: Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to control their orientation through changes in stem curvature. Tension wood is classified into 3 anatomical groups: with unlignified G-layer, with lignified G-layer and without G-layer. Aims: This study aimed at assessing whether this anatomical diversity reflects a diversity in efficiency of gravitropic movement. Methods: The study was conducted on tropical seedling from the three anatomical groups. Seedlings were staked and grown tilted. At the end of the experiment, changes in curvature when releasing the stem from the stake and when removing bark were measured. Three parameters were computed to compare the global efficiency of gravitropism (stem gravitropic efficiency) and the specific efficiency of motor mechanism based on wood (maturation strain of tension wood) and bark (standardized debarking curvature). Results: The maturation strain of tension wood was similar between species with unlignified and lignified G-layer. Species without G-layer exhibited low maturation strain and large debarking curvature, showing they rely on bark for gravitropism. Bark and wood achieved similar motor efficiency. Conclusion: Lignin does not affect the generation of tensile stress in the G-layer. Bark can be as efficient as wood as a motor of gravitropic movements. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France |
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Springer |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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900 |
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Ghislain, B.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Diversity in the organisation and lignification of tension wood fibre walls – A review |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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IAWA Journal |
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38 |
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2 |
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245-265 |
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diversity; fibres; G-layer; lignification; multilayered tension wood fibre walls; S1 + S2 + S3 + G; Tension wood |
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Tension wood, a tissue developed by angiosperm trees to actively recover their verticality, has long been defined by the presence of an unlignified cellulosic inner layer in the cell wall of fibres, called the G-layer. Although it was known that some species have no G-layer, the definition was appropriate since it enabled easy detection of tension wood zones using various staining techniques for either cellulose or lignin. For several years now, irrespective of its anatomical structure, tension wood has been defined by its high mechanical internal tensile stress. This definition enables screening of the diversity of cell walls in tension wood fibres. Recent results obtained in tropical species with tension wood with a delay in the lignification of the G-layer opened our eyes to the effective presence of large amounts of lignin in the G-layer of some species. This led us to review older literature mentioning the presence of lignin deposits in the G-layer and give them credit. Advances in the knowledge of tension wood fibres allow us to reconsider some previous classifications of the diversity in the organisation of the fibre walls of the tension wood. © 2017 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 2 September 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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763 |
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Ghislain, B.; Engel, J.; Clair, B.; Donaldson, L.; Baas, P. |
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Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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IAWA Journal |
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40 |
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4 |
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765-784 |
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Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer. |
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Brill |
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Leiden, The Netherlands |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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903 |
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Ghislain, B.; Nicolini, E.-A.; Romain, R.; Ruelle, J.; Yoshinaga, A.; Alford, M.H.; Clair, B. |
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Multilayered structure of tension wood cell walls in Salicaceae sensu lato and its taxonomic significance |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Bot. J. Linn. Soc. |
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182 |
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4 |
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744-756 |
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Flacourtiaceae; G-layer; multilayered tension wood; reaction wood |
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Salicaceae have been enlarged to include a majority of the species formerly placed in the polyphyletic tropical Flacourtiaceae. Several studies have reported a peculiar and infrequently formed multilayered structure of tension wood in four of the tropical genera. Tension wood is a tissue produced by trees to restore their vertical orientation and most studies have focused on trees developing tension wood by means of cellulose-rich, gelatinous fibres, as in Populus and Salix (Salicaceae s.s.). This study aims to determine if the multilayered structure of tension wood is an anatomical characteristic common in other Salicaceae and, if so, how its distribution correlates to phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, we studied the tension wood of 14 genera of Salicaceae and two genera of Achariaceae, one genus of Goupiaceae and one genus of Lacistemataceae, families closely related to Salicaceae or formerly placed in Flacourtiaceae. Opposite wood and tension wood were compared with light microscopy and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicate that a multilayered structure of tension wood is common in the family except in Salix, Populus and one of their closest relatives, Idesia polycarpa. We suggest that tension wood may be a useful anatomical character in understanding phylogenetic relationships in Salicaceae. Further investigation is still needed on the tension wood of several other putatively close relatives of Salix and Populus, in particular Bennettiodendron, Macrohasseltia and Itoa. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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718 |
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