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de Aguiar, H.J.A.C.; Barros, L.A.C.; Silveira, L.I.; Petitclerc, F.; Etienne, S.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Cytogenetic data for sixteen ant species from North-eastern Amazonia with phylogenetic insights into three subfamilies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Comparative Cytogenetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp. Cytogenet. |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-60 |
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Keywords |
Biodiversity; Formicidae; Karyotype; Neotropical ants |
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Ants play essential roles in most terrestrial ecosystems and may be considered pests for agriculture and agroforestry. Recent morphological and molecular data have challenged conventional ant phylogeny and the interpretation of karyotypic variations. Existing Neotropical ant cytogenetic data focus on Atlantic rainforest species, and provide evolutionary and taxonomic insight. However, there are data for only 18 Amazonian species. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 16 ant species belonging to 12 genera and three subfamilies, collected in the Brazilian state of Amapa, and in French Guiana. The karyotypes of six species are described for the first time, including that of the South American genus Allomerus Mayr, 1878. The karyotype of Crematogaster Lund, 1831 is also described for the first time for the New World. For other species, extant data for geographically distinct populations was compared with our own data, e.g. for the leafcutter ants Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890) and Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758). The information obtained for the karyotype of Dolichoderus imitator Emery, 1894 differs from extant data from the Atlantic forest, thereby highlighting the importance of population cytogenetic approaches. This study also emphasizes the need for good chromosome preparations for studying karyotype structure. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Pensoft Publishers |
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19930771 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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917 |
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De Deurwaerder, H.; Hervé-Fernández, P.; Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Petronelli, P.; Hoffman, B.; Bonal, D.; Boeckx, P.; Verbeeck, H. |
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Title |
Liana and tree below-ground water competition – evidence for water resource partitioning during the dry season |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
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38 |
Issue |
7 |
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1071-1083 |
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To date, reasons for the increase in liana abundance and biomass in the Neotropics are still unclear. One proposed hypothesis suggests that lianas, in comparison with trees, are more adaptable to drought conditions. Moreover, previous studies have assumed that lianas have a deeper root system, which provides access to deeper soil layers, thereby making them less susceptible to drought stress. The dual stable water isotope approach (δ18O and δ2H) enables below-ground vegetation competition for water to be studied. Based on the occurrence of a natural gradient in soil water isotopic signatures, with enriched signatures in shallow soil relative to deep soil, the origin of vegetation water sources can be derived. Our study was performed on canopy trees and lianas reaching canopy level in tropical forests of French Guiana. Our results show liana xylem water isotopic signatures to be enriched in heavy isotopes in comparison with those from trees, indicating differences in water source depths and a more superficial root activity for lianas during the dry season. This enables them to efficiently capture dry season precipitation. Our study does not support the liana deep root water extraction hypothesis. Additionally, we provide new insights into water competition between tropical canopy lianas and trees. Results suggest that this competition is mitigated during the dry season due to water resource partitioning. |
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0829-318x |
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10.1093/treephys/tpy002 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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848 |
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de Grandcourt, A.; Epron, D.; Montpied, P.; Louisanna, E.; Bereau, M.; Garbaye, J.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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161 |
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3 |
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865-875 |
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Keywords |
phosphorus; growth; efficiency; Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas; tropical rainforest; seedlings; Dicorynia guianensis; Eperua falcata |
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This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species. |
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Univ Franche Comte, Lab Biol & Ecophysiol, F-25211 Montbeliard, France, Email: daniel.epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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0028-646X |
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ISI:000188646500022 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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239 |
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De Souza, F.C.; Dexter, K.G.; Phillips, O.L.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Chave, J.; Galbraith, D.R.; Gonzalez, G.L.; Mendoza, A.M.; Toby Pennington, R.; Poorter, L.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez-Dávila, E.; Andrade, A.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Aymard C., G.A.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.G.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Comiskey, J.A.; Valverde, F.C.; De Camargo, P.B.; Di Fiore, A.; Elias, F.; Erwin, T.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Ferreira, L.; Fyllas, N.M.; Gloor, E.; Herault, B.; Herrera, R.; Higuchi, N.; Coronado, E.N.H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Lloyd, J.; Lovejoy, T.E.; Malhi, Y.; Maracahipes, L.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Morandi, P.; Neill, D.A.; Vargas, P.N.; Oliveira, E.A.; Lenza, E.; Palacios, W.A.; Peñuela-Mora, M.C.; Pipoly, J.J., III; Pitman, N.C.A.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Rudas, A.; Ruokolainen, K.; Salomão, R.P.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Steege, H.T.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Van Der Hout, P.; Van Der Heijden, G.M.F.; Van Der Meer, P.J.; Vasquez, R.V.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Zagt, R.J.; Baker, T.R. |
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Title |
Evolutionary heritage influences amazon tree ecology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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283 |
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20161587 |
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Convergent evolution; Divergent selection; Phylogenetic signal; Trait; Tropical tree |
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Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant lifehistory strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change. © 2016 The Authors. |
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Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States |
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Export Date: 17 January 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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706 |
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Author |
de Thoisy, Benoit ; Duron, Olivier ; Epelboin, Loïc ; Musset, Lise ; Quénel, Philippe ; Roche, Benjamin ; Binetruy, Florian ; Briolant, Sébastien ; Carvalho, Luisiane ; Chavy, Agathe : Couppié, Pierre ; and all ........................... |
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Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Infection, Génétics and Evolution |
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93 |
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104916 |
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French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1052 |
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De Weirdt, M.; Verbeeck, H.; Maignan, F.; Peylin, P.; Poulter, B.; Bonal, D.; Ciais, P.; Steppe, K. |
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Seasonal leaf dynamics for tropical evergreen forests in a process-based global ecosystem model |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geoscientific Model Dev. |
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5 |
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5 |
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1091-1108 |
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The influence of seasonal phenology on canopy photosynthesis in tropical evergreen forests remains poorly understood, and its representation in global ecosystem models is highly simplified, typically with no seasonal variation of canopy leaf properties taken into account. Including seasonal variation in leaf age and photosynthetic capacity could improve the correspondence of global vegetation model outputs with the wet-dry season CO2 patterns measured at flux tower sites in these forests. We introduced a leaf litterfall dynamics scheme in the global terrestrial ecosystem model ORCHIDEE based on seasonal variations in net primary production (NPP), resulting in higher leaf turnover in periods of high productivity. The modifications in the leaf litterfall scheme induce seasonal variation in leaf age distribution and photosynthetic capacity. We evaluated the results of the modification against seasonal patterns of three long-term in-situ leaf litterfall datasets of evergreen tropical forests in Panama, French Guiana and Brazil. In addition, we evaluated the impact of the model improvements on simulated latent heat (LE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) fluxes for the flux tower sites Guyaflux (French Guiana) and TapajÃ3s (km 67, Brazil). The results show that the introduced seasonal leaf litterfall corresponds well with field inventory leaf litter data and times with its seasonality. Although the simulated litterfall improved substantially by the model modifications, the impact on the modelled fluxes remained limited. The seasonal pattern of GPP improved clearly for the Guyaflux site, but no significant improvement was obtained for the TapajÃ3s site. The seasonal pattern of the modelled latent heat fluxes was hardly changed and remained consistent with the observed fluxes. We conclude that we introduced a realistic and generic litterfall dynamics scheme, but that other processes need to be improved in the model to achieve better simulations of GPP seasonal patterns for tropical evergreen forests. © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. |
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INRA Nancy, UMR INRA-UHP1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, 54280 Champenoux, France |
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1991959x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 4 October 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.5194/gmd-5-1091-2012; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: De Weirdt, M.; Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; email: marjolein.deweirdt@ugent.be |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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437 |
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Degen, B.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H. |
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Limited pollen dispersal and biparental inbreeding in Symphonia globulifera in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Heredity |
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93 |
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6 |
Pages |
585-591 |
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gene flow; microsatellites; mixed mating; spatial autocorrelation; tropical tree; twogener |
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In this paper, we report a study of the mating system and gene flow of Symphonia globulifera, a hermaphroditic, mainly bird-pollinated tree species with a large geographic distribution in the tropical Americas and Africa. Using three microsatellites, we analysed 534 seeds of 28 open pollinated families and 164 adults at the experimental site 'Paracou' in French Guiana. We observed, compared to other tropical tree species, relatively high values for the effective number of alleles. Significant spatial genetic structure was detected, with trees at distances up to 150 m more genetically similar than expected at random. We estimated parameters of the mating system and gene flow by using the mixed mating model and the TwoGener approach. The estimated multilocus outcrossing rate, t(m), was 0.920. A significant level of biparental inbreeding and a high proportion of full-sibs were estimated for the 28 seed arrays. We estimated mean pollen dispersal distances between 27 and 53 m according to the dispersal models used. Although the adult population density of S. globulifera in Paracou was relatively high, the joint estimation of pollen dispersal and density of reproductive trees gave effective density estimates of 1.6 and 1.3 trees/ha. The parameters of the mating system and gene flow are discussed in the context of spatial genetic and demographic structures, flowering phenology and pollinator composition and behaviour. |
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BFH, Inst Forest Genet & Forest Tree Breeding, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany, Email: b.degen@holz.uni-hamburg.de |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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0018-067X |
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ISI:000225354800009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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259 |
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Degen, B.; Blanc, L.; Caron, H.; Maggia, L.; Kremer, A.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Impact of selective logging on genetic composition and demographic structure of four tropical tree species |
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2006 |
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Biological Conservation |
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Biol. Conserv. |
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131 |
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3 |
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386-401 |
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demography; genetic diversity; logging; phenology; pollen and seed dispersal; simulation; trees; tropics |
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Over-exploitation and fragmentation are serious problems for tropical forests. Most sustainable forest management practices avoid clear-cuts and apply selective logging systems focused on a few commercial species. We applied a simulation model to estimate the impact of such selective logging scenarios on the genetic diversity and demography of four tropical tree species from French Guiana. The simulations used data on genetic and demographic composition, growth, phenology and pollen and seed dispersal obtained for Dicorynia guianensis, Sextonia rubra, Symphonia globulifera and Vouacapoua americana at the experimental site in Paracou. Whereas Symphonia globulifera serves as a model for a species with low logging pressure, the other three species represent the most exploited tree species in French Guiana. In simulations with moderate logging, typical for French Guiana, with large cutting diameter (> 60 cm diameter) and long cutting cycles (65 years), the two species V. americana and Sextonia rubra were not able to recover their initial stock at the end of the rotation period, with a large decrease in the number of individuals and in basal area. Under a more intensive logging system (cutting diameter > 45 cm diameter, cutting cycles of 30 years) that is common practice in the Brazilian Amazon, only Symphonia globulifera showed no negative impact. Generally, the differences between the genetic parameters in the control scenarios without logging and the logging scenarios were surprisingly small. The main reasons for this were the overlapping of generations and the effective dispersal ability of gene vectors in all species, which guarantee relative homogeneity of the genetic structure in different age classes. Nevertheless, decreasing the population size by logging reduced the number of genotypes and caused higher genetic distances between the original population and the population at the end of the logging cycles. Sensitivity analysis showed that genetic changes in the logging scenarios were principally determined by the growth, densities and cutting diameter of each species, and only to a very small extent by the reproductive system including factors such as pollen and seed dispersal and flowering phenology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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BFH, Inst Forstgenet & Forstpflanzenzuchtung, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany, Email: b.degen@holz.uni-hamburg.de |
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ELSEVIER SCI LTD |
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0006-3207 |
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ISI:000239139400004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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180 |
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Degen, B.; Roubilk, D.W. |
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Effects of animal pollination on pollen dispersal, selfing, and effective population size of tropical trees: A simulation study |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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36 |
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2 |
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165-179 |
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Amazon; bees; Brazil; Dipteryx; Jacaranda; model; pollination; sensitivity analysis; trees |
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Animals, especially insects, are principal pollen vectors of tropical trees and have behavior patterns that affect gene dispersal. Here, we explore complex pollination systems using a new simulation model Eco-Gene and considering, among other factors, flowering synchrony. spatial distribution of trees, degree of selfing, population densities, pollinator flight distances, pollen deposition, and pollinator response to floral display size. Sensitivity analyses using two contrasting tree data sets (Jacaranda copaia and Dipteryx odorata) determined the importance of each parameter on three response variables: the proportion of seeds from self-pollination, effective population size, and pollen dispersal. Spatial considerations and attractiveness of floral displays were prominent features determining the population genetic result of pollinators, and some biological implications of the results are discussed. |
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INRA, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: degen_b@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000222092900006 |
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264 |
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Author |
Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Prey Capture Behavior in an Arboreal African Ponerine Ant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e19837 |
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Abstract |
I studied the predatory behavior of Platythyrea conradti, an arboreal ponerine ant, whereas most species in this subfamily are ground-dwelling. The workers, which hunt solitarily only around dusk, are able to capture a wide range of prey, including termites and agile, nocturnal insects as well as diurnal insects that are inactive at that moment of the Nyctemeron, resting on tree branches or under leaves. Prey are captured very rapidly, and the antennal palpation used by ground-dwelling ponerine species is reduced to a simple contact; stinging occurs immediately thereafter. The venom has an instant, violent effect as even large prey (up to 30 times the weight of a worker) never struggled after being stung. Only small prey are not stung. Workers retrieve their prey, even large items, singly. To capture termite workers and soldiers defending their nest entrances, ant workers crouch and fold their antennae backward. In their role as guards, the termites face the crouching ants and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. This is likely due to volatile secretions produced by the ants' mandibular gland. The same behavior is used against competing ants, including territorially-dominant arboreal species that retreat further and further away, so that the P. conradti finally drive them from large, sugary food sources. |
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Address |
[Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Publisher |
Public Library Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Notes |
ISI:000290483600033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
316 |
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