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Author (up) Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Clair, B.
Title The effect of sectioning and ultrasonication on the mesoporosity of poplar tension wood Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Wood Science and Technology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 507-516
Keywords
Abstract Increasing interest in understanding tension stress generation in tension wood with fibres having a gelatinous layer (G-layer) has focused attention on the specific role of this layer. To distinguish its contribution from those of other wall layers, the G-layer of wood sections was isolated by ultrasonication. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sectioning and of the ultrasonic treatment on the mesoporosity of tension wood using nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the process of isolating the G-layer using ultrasonication strongly affects its mesoporosity. Most damage was found to occur during sectioning rather than as a result of the 15-min ultrasonic treatment.
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ISSN 1432-5225 ISBN Medium
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Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Chang2017 Serial 782
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Author (up) Chang, S.S.; Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Di Renzo, F.; Quignard, F.; Zhao, G.J.; Yamamoto, H.; Gril, J.
Title Mesoporosity as a new parameter for understanding tension stress generation in trees Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Journal of Experimental Botany Abbreviated Journal J. Exp. Bot.
Volume 60 Issue 11 Pages 3023-3030
Keywords Growth stress; hydrogel; mesoporosity; tension wood
Abstract The mechanism for tree orientation in angiosperms is based on the production of high tensile stress on the upper side of the inclined axis. In many species, the stress level is strongly related to the presence of a peculiar layer, called the G-layer, in the fibre cell wall. The structure of the G-layer has recently been described as a hydrogel thanks to N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of supercritically dried samples showing a high mesoporosity (pores size from 2-50 nm). This led us to revisit the concept of the G-layer that had been, until now, only described from anatomical observation. Adsorption isotherms of both normal wood and tension wood have been measured on six tropical species. Measurements show that mesoporosity is high in tension wood with a typical thick G-layer while it is much less with a thinner G-layer, sometimes no more than normal wood. The mesoporosity of tension wood species without a G-layer is as low as in normal wood. Not depending on the amount of pores, the pore size distribution is always centred around 6-12 nm. These results suggest that, among species producing fibres with a G-layer, large structural differences of the G-layer exist between species.
Address [Chang, Shan-Shan; Clair, Bruno; Gril, Joseph] Univ Montpellier 2, LMGC, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher OXFORD UNIV PRESS Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-0957 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000268588300008 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 107
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Author (up) Chanson, Anaïs ; Moreau, Corrie S. ; Duplais, Christophe
Title Assessing Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity of Specialized Metabolites in the Conserved Gut Symbionts of Herbivorous Turtle Ants Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Frontiers in Microbiology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 12 Issue Pages 678100
Keywords insect-microbe mutualism, ants, metagemonic, biosynthetic gene cluster, gut bacteria, Cephalotes
Abstract Cephalotes are herbivorous ants (>115 species) feeding on low-nitrogen food sources, and they rely on gut symbionts to supplement their diet by recycling nitrogen food waste into amino acids. These conserved gut symbionts, which encompass five bacterial orders, have been studied previously for their primary nitrogen metabolism; however, little is known about their ability to biosynthesize specialized metabolites which can play a role in bacterial interactions between communities living in close proximity in the gut. To evaluate the biosynthetic potential of their gut symbionts, we mine 14 cultured isolate genomes and gut metagenomes across 17 Cephalotes species to explore the biodiversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing specialized metabolites. The diversity of BGCs across Cephalotes phylogeny was analyzed using sequence similarity networking and BGC phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results reveal that the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis possess 80% of all the 233 BGCs retrieved in this work. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs reveals different patterns of distribution, suggesting different mechanisms of conservation. A siderophore BGC shows high similarity in a single symbiont across different ant host species, whereas a BGC encoding the production of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) found different symbionts within a single host species. Additionally, BGCs were abundant in four of the five bacterial orders of conserved symbionts co-occurring in the hindgut. However, one major symbiont localized alone in the midgut lack BGCs. Because the spatial isolation prevents direct interaction with other symbionts, this result supports the idea that BGCs are maintained in bacteria living in close proximity but are dispensable for an alone-living symbiont. These findings together pave the way for studying the mechanisms of BGC conservation and evolution in gut bacterial genomes associated with Cephalotes. This work also provides a genetic background for further study, aiming to characterize bacterial specialized metabolites and to understand their functional role in multipartite mutualisms between conserved gut symbionts and Cephalotes turtle ants.
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Publisher Frontiers Media Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
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Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 1049
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Author (up) Charles-Dominique, P.; Chave, J.; Dubois, M.A.; De Granville, J.J.; Riera, B.; Vezzoli, C.
Title Colonization front of the understorey palm Astrocaryum sciophilum in a pristine rain forest of French Guiana Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Global Ecology and Biogeography Abbreviated Journal Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 237-248
Keywords Astrocaryum sciophilum; French Guiana; neotropical palaeoecology; palm ecology; population edge; refuges; scatter-hoarding; seed dispersal; spatial pattern
Abstract Aims Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle (Arecaceae) is an understorey palm, endemic to north-eastern South America with a patchy distribution. We tested the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of this palm species is not in equilibrium but is slowly colonizing the forest understorey. Location Inventories and seed dispersal studies were conducted in the undisturbed tropical forest close to the Nouragues research station, French Guiana. Additional data were collected in the entire territory of French Guiana. Methods We studied the demography of A. sciophilum on a 20-ha plot located at the edge of its distribution. The age of the palms was estimated by postulating an exponentially decreasing abundance by age class. Direct seed dispersal experiments were also conducted, to estimate dispersal parameters. The seeds of A. sciophilum were dispersed only by rodents. This information was used to parameterize a forest growth simulator, to study the spatial spread of this species. Results Within the sampling plot, the density of A. sciophilum dropped sharply from about 500 individuals per hectare to zero. The maturation age was estimated to be 170+/-70 years, and over 55 years with 95% confidence. Seed-dispersal experiments yielded an average seed dispersal distance of 11 m and a maximum estimated dispersal distance of 125 m across a generational span of 55 years to maturity. Therefore, the maximal estimated colonization speed is 2.3 m/y. Conclusions Empirical results and numerical simulations suggest that the boundary of the A. sciophilum population is a colonization front, and that the range of this species is slowly expanding. The implications of this result in respect of palaeoenvironmental changes in this region are discussed.
Address Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Ecol Gen, F-91800 Brunoy, France
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Publisher BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0960-7447 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes ISI:000182184100006 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 273
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Author (up) Chartier, M.; Gibernau, M.; Renner, S.S.
Title The evolution of pollinator-plant interaction types in the araceae Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Evolution Abbreviated Journal Evolution
Volume 68 Issue 5 Pages 1533-1543
Keywords Ancestral state reconstruction; Inflorescence traits; Phylogeny; Pollination syndromes; Trap flowers
Abstract Most plant-pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. Antagonistic plant-pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was reconstructed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120-130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precondition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences. © 2013 The Society for the Study of Evolution.
Address Department of Biology, University of Munich, Munich, 80638, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Society for the Study of Evolution Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 15585646 (Issn) ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Export Date: 30 May 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Evola; Language of Original Document: English Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 544
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Author (up) Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Buatois, B.; Bessière, J.-M.; Gibernau, M.
Title Geographical variations of odour and pollinators, and test for local adaptation by reciprocal transplant of two European Arum species Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Functional Ecology Abbreviated Journal Funct. Ecol.
Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 1367-1381
Keywords Deception; Diptera; Floral scent; Geographical mosaic; Psychodidae; Sapromyophily; Transplant experiment
Abstract Interactions between entomophilous plants and their pollinators are one of the major factors shaping the evolution of floral features. As species are distributed in more or less connected populations, they have evolved in a geographical mosaic of co-evolution were the outcome of the plant-pollinator interaction is likely to vary as a result of local adaptations. Arum italicum and Arum maculatum are two species of Araceae which deceive their fly pollinators by mimicking the odour of their oviposition sites. Whereas A. italicum is known to be pollinated by flies belonging to different families (i.e. opportunist), A. maculatum relies on only two pollinating species of the family Psychodidae throughout its European repartition area (i.e. specialist). The interannual and geographical variations of pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours were described in several populations of the two species over two consecutive years. Furthermore, local adaptation to pollinators was tested by transplanting inflorescence-bearing plants between two different sites and by recording the number and composition of the insect fauna trapped inside the inflorescences during anthesis as a measure of a fitness component. Pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours of the two Arum species varied in time and space, but there was no clear odour structure between populations. When transplanted, inflorescences of both species trapped the same composition and number of insects as native inflorescences at a given site; this indicates that pollinator composition is highly dependent on the local availability of insects. No pattern of local adaptation was found for these two species, but local pollination conditions were shown to strongly affect the degree of geographical variations of these interactions. The lack of a clear odour geographical structure might be due to high gene flow or to similar selective pressures exerted by pollinators, and the high interindividual odour variation may be linked to the deceptive strategy adopted by the two plant species. © 2013 British Ecological Society.
Address Center for Functional and Evolutive Ecology, Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Notes Export Date: 29 November 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecoe; doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12122; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests, CNRS-UMR 8172, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, 97379, France; email: marc.gibernau@ecofog.gf; References: Ackerman, J.D., Cuevas, A.A., Hof, D., Are deception-pollinated species more variable than those offering a reward? (2011) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 293, pp. 91-99; Ackerman, J.D., Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J., Salguero-Faria, J., Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1383-1390; Adams, R.P., (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, , 4th edn. 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Diptera: Psychodidae (1989) Dipterist Digest, 4, pp. 1-83 Approved no
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Author (up) Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Gibernau, M.
Title Do floral odor profiles geographically vary with the degree of specificity for pollinators? Investigation in two sapromyophilous Arum species (Araceae) Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France Abbreviated Journal Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr.
Volume 47 Issue 1-2 Pages 71-77
Keywords Arum italicum; Arum maculatum; Floral scent; Psychodidae; Specificity
Abstract We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculatum. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences.
Address CNRS – Ecofog (UMR 8172), BP709, F-97387 Kourou, France
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ISSN 00379271 (Issn) ISBN Medium
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Notes Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Chartier, M.; Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Bât. 4R3-B2, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; email: chartier.marion@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 366
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Author (up) Chave, J.; Navarrete, D.; Almeida, S.; Alvarez, E.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Bonal, D.; Chatelet, P.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Goret, J.Y.; von Hildebrand, P.; Jimenez, E.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Phillips, O.L.; Stevenson, P.; Malhi, Y.
Title Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Biogeosciences Abbreviated Journal Biogeosciences
Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 43-55
Keywords
Abstract The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation, in dry mass units). Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01 +/- 3.41 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74 +/- 1.83 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69 +/- 0.40 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall increases with soil fertility, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results.
Address [Chave, J.] CNRS UPS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, Toulouse, France, Email: chave@cict.fr
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Publisher COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH Place of Publication Editor
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1726-4170 ISBN Medium
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Notes ISI:000274058100004 Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 70
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Author (up) Chave, J.; Piponiot, C.; Maréchaux, I.; de Foresta, H.; Larpin, D.; Fischer, F.J.; Derroire, G.; Vincent, G.; Hérault, B.
Title Slow rate of secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Guianas compared with the rest of the Neotropics Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Ecological Applications Abbreviated Journal Ecol. Appl.
Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages e02004
Keywords biomass; carbon; forest; French Guiana; regeneration; secondary forests; tropics; accumulation rate; Bayesian analysis; biomass; carbon sequestration; chronosequence; fertility; old-growth forest; pioneer species; regeneration; secondary forest; Costa Rica; French Guiana; Guyana Shield; Goupia glabra; Laetia procera; Xylopia
Abstract Secondary forests are a prominent component of tropical landscapes, and they constitute a major atmospheric carbon sink. Rates of carbon accumulation are usually inferred from chronosequence studies, but direct estimates of carbon accumulation based on long-term monitoring of stands are rarely reported. Recent compilations on secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Neotropics are heavily biased geographically as they do not include estimates from the Guiana Shield. We analysed the temporal trajectory of aboveground carbon accumulation and floristic composition at one 25-ha secondary forest site in French Guiana. The site was clear-cut in 1976, abandoned thereafter, and one large plot (6.25 ha) has been monitored continuously since. We used Bayesian modeling to assimilate inventory data and simulate the long-term carbon accumulation trajectory. Canopy change was monitored using two aerial lidar surveys conducted in 2009 and 2017. We compared the dynamics of this site with that of a surrounding old-growth forest. Finally, we compared our results with that from secondary forests in Costa Rica, which is one of the rare long-term monitoring programs reaching a duration comparable to our study. Twenty years after abandonment, aboveground carbon stock was 64.2 (95% credibility interval 46.4, 89.0) Mg C/ha, and this stock increased to 101.3 (78.7, 128.5) Mg C/ha 20 yr later. The time to accumulate one-half of the mean aboveground carbon stored in the nearby old-growth forest (185.6 [155.9, 200.2] Mg C/ha) was estimated at 35.0 [20.9, 55.9] yr. During the first 40 yr, the contribution of the long-lived pioneer species Xylopia nitida, Goupia glabra, and Laetia procera to the aboveground carbon stock increased continuously. Secondary forest mean-canopy height measured by lidar increased by 1.14 m in 8 yr, a canopy-height increase consistent with an aboveground carbon accumulation of 7.1 Mg C/ha (or 0.89 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) during this period. Long-term AGC accumulation rate in Costa Rica was almost twice as fast as at our site in French Guiana. This may reflect higher fertility of Central American forest communities or a better adaptation of the forest tree community to intense and frequent disturbances. This finding may have important consequences for scaling-up carbon uptake estimates to continental scales.
Address INPHB, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Ecological Society of America Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 19395582 (Issn) ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 914
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Author (up) Chaves, C.L.; Blanc-Jolivet, C.; Sebbenn, A.M.; Mader, M.; Meyer-Sand, B.R.V.; Paredes-Villanueva, K.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Garcia-Davila, C.; Tysklind, N.; Troispoux, V.; Massot, M.; Degen, B.
Title Nuclear and chloroplastic SNP markers for genetic studies of timber origin for Hymenaea trees Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication Conservation Genetics Resources Abbreviated Journal Conserv. Gen. Res.
Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 329-331
Keywords DNA fingerprints; Geographical origin; MiSeq; RADSeq
Abstract We developed nuclear and chloroplastic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and INDEL (insertion/deletion) markers using restriction associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) and low coverage MiSeq genome sequencing to set up a genetic tracking method of the geographical origin of Hymenaea sp. From two initial sets of 358 and 32 loci used to genotype at least 94 individuals, a final set of 75 nSNPs, 50 cpSNPs and 6 INDELs identifying significant population structure was developed. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V.
Address Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Netherlands Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 18777252 (Issn) ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 908
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