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Picard, N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Sist, P. |
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Using process-dependent groups of species to model the dynamics of a tropical rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Modelling Forest Systems |
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237-248 |
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The high tree species diversity in tropical forests is difficult to take into account in models. The usual solution consists of defining groups of species and then adjusting a set of parameters for each group. In this study, we address this issue by allowing a species to move from one species group to another, depending on the biological process that is concerned. We developed this approach with a matrix model of forest dynamics, for a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, at Paracou, focusing on the methodological aspects. The forest dynamics is split into three components: recruitment, growth and mortality. We then built five recruitment groups, five growth groups and five mortality groups. One species is characterized by a combination of the three groups, thus yielding in total 5 X 5 X 5 = 125 possibilities, out of which 43 are actually observed. The resulting matrix model provides a better view of the floristic composition of the forest, and does not have more parameters than it would have with five global species groups. However, its predictions are no more precise than those of the matrix model based on five global groups. |
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Cirad Foret, Montpellier, France |
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CABI PUBLISHING |
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ISI:000231866400021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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249 |
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Phillips, P.D.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.; Degen, B. |
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Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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180 |
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2-3 |
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419-434 |
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tropical rain; forest; population genetics; model SYMFOR; eco-gene; scaling up; competition |
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Understanding the effects of logging activity on genetic diversity is an important aspect of establishing the sustainability of selective logging management operations in tropical forests. Genetic variation is affected by selective logging directly, through the removal of and damage to trees within the population, and indirectly, through a change in the forest structure and environment in which the remaining population lives. Eco-Gene is a population genetics model applied to tropical forests over a scale of hundreds of hectares. SYMFOR is a modelling framework for individual-based spatially explicit ecological and management models applied to tropical forests over a scale of 0.25 4 ha. We have linked the models to enable simulations using processes involved in both models. To overcome problems of scale, the spatially explicit competition index calculated in SYMFOR simulations has been modelled such that it can be applied at scales representing much larger areas for which the data are not available, as required by Eco-Gene. The competition index is modelled as a distribution on a grid-square basis, and implemented in the linked Eco-Gene/SYMFOR system. Each tree within a grid-square is given a “relative competition” within the distribution, biased according to species. A competition index value is obtained for the tree by transforming the grid-square distribution to be relevant to the size of the tree, and extracting a value according to the tree's relative competition within the distribution. The distribution and each tree's relative competition within it change according to the effects of growth, mortality and logging activity. The model was calibrated using data from the Tapajos region of the Eastern Amazon forest. This paper describes the model, its calibration and validation and the implications of scaling up from an explicit representation to a modelled quantity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil, Email: paul.phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000224635700012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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234 |
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Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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173 |
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4 |
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335-354 |
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model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000220392200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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238 |
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Phillips, O.L.; van der Heijden, G.; Lewis, S.L.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Lloyd, J.; Malhi, Y.; Monteagudo, A.; Almeida, S.; Davila, E.A.; Amaral, I.; Andelman, S.; Andrade, A.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.; Baker, T.R.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; de Oliveira, A.C.A.; Chao, K.J.; Cardozo, N.D.; da Costa, L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Fisher, J.B.; Fyllas, N.M.; Freitas, M.A.; Galbraith, D.; Gloor, E.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio, E.; Jimenez, E.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Lovett, J.C.; Meir, P.; Mendoza, C.; Morel, A.; Vargas, P.N.; Patino, S.; Peh, K.S.H.; Cruz, A.P.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramirez, F.; Ramirez, H.; Rudas, A.; Salamao, R.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, J.; Silveira, M.; Slik, J.W.F.; Sonke, B.; Thomas, A.S.; Stropp, J.; Taplin, J.R.D.; Vasquez, R.; Vilanova, E. |
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Title |
Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
187 |
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3 |
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631-646 |
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Amazon; Borneo; drought; lags mortality; RAINFOR; trees; tropics |
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The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality. |
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[Phillips, Oliver L.; van der Heijden, Geertje; Lewis, Simon L.; Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela; Lloyd, Jon; Baker, Tim R.; Chao, Kuo-Jung; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Gloor, Emanuel; Honorio, Euridice; Keeling, Helen; Quesada, Carlos A.; Schwarz, Michael] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0028-646X |
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ISI:000280122500028 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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50 |
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Phillips, O.L.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Gloor, E.; Baker, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Lewis, S.L.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.A.; Bánki, O.S.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Castilho, C.V.; Chama, V.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.A.; Valverde, F.C.; da Costa, L.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Di Fiore, A.; Erwin, T.L.; Fauset, S.; Forsthofer, M.; Galbraith, D.R.; Grahame, E.S.; Groot, N.; Herault, B.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Licona, J.; Magnusson, W.E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Neill, D.A.; Nogueira, E.M.; Núñez, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada, A.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Peacock, J.; Peña-Claros, M.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Poorter, L.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Restrepo, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomão, R.P.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, N.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Talbot, J.; ter Steege, H.; Teran-Aguilar, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Toledo, M.; Torello-Raventos, M.; Umetsu, R.; van der Heijden, G.M.F.; van der Hout, P.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Zagt, R.J.; Alarcon, A.; Amaral, I.; Camargo, P.B.; Brown, I.F.; Blanc, L.; Burban, B.; Cardozo, N.; Engel, J.; de Freitas, M.A.; de Oliveira, A.; Fredericksen, T.S.; Ferreira, L.; Hinojosa, N.T.; Jimenez, E.; Lenza, E.; Mendoza, C.; Mendoza Polo, I.; Peña Cruz, A.; Peñuela, M.C.; Petronelli, P.; Singh, J.; Maquirino, P.; Serano, J.; Sota, A.; Oliveira dos Santos, C.; Ybarnegaray, J.; Ricardo, J. |
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Title |
Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations' carbon emissions |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Carbon Balance and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Carbon Balance and Management |
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12 |
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1 |
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Amazonia; Carbon balance; Carbon sink; Climate change; Ecosystem service; Land use change; Sequestration; Tropical forests |
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Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There has however been no work done to quantify non-land-use-change forest carbon fluxes on a national basis within Amazonia, or to place these national fluxes and their possible changes in the context of the major anthropogenic carbon fluxes in the region. Here we present a first attempt to interpret results from ground-based monitoring of mature forest carbon fluxes in a biogeographically, politically, and temporally differentiated way. Specifically, using results from a large long-term network of forest plots, we estimate the Amazon biomass carbon balance over the last three decades for the different regions and nine nations of Amazonia, and evaluate the magnitude and trajectory of these differentiated balances in relation to major national anthropogenic carbon emissions. Results: The sink of carbon into mature forests has been remarkably geographically ubiquitous across Amazonia, being substantial and persistent in each of the five biogeographic regions within Amazonia. Between 1980 and 2010, it has more than mitigated the fossil fuel emissions of every single national economy, except that of Venezuela. For most nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname) the sink has probably additionally mitigated all anthropogenic carbon emissions due to Amazon deforestation and other land use change. While the sink has weakened in some regions since 2000, our analysis suggests that Amazon nations which are able to conserve large areas of natural and semi-natural landscape still contribute globally-significant carbon sequestration. Conclusions: Mature forests across all of Amazonia have contributed significantly to mitigating climate change for decades. Yet Amazon nations have not directly benefited from providing this global scale ecosystem service. We suggest that better monitoring and reporting of the carbon fluxes within mature forests, and understanding the drivers of changes in their balance, must become national, as well as international, priorities. © 2017 The Author(s). |
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University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 20 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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735 |
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Phillips, O.L.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Lewis, S.L.; Fisher, J.B.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Malhi, Y.; Monteagudo, A.; Peacock, J.; Quesada, C.A.; van der Heijden, G.; Almeida, S.; Amaral, I.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.; Baker, T.R.; Banki, O.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Brando, P.; Chave, J.; de Oliveira, A.C.A.; Cardozo, N.D.; Czimczik, C.I.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Freitas, M.A.; Gloor, E.; Higuchi, N.; Jimenez, E.; Lloyd, G.; Meir, P.; Mendoza, C.; Morel, A.; Neill, D.A.; Nepstad, D.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Prieto, A.; Ramirez, F.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, J.; Silveira, M.; Thomas, A.S.; ter Steege, H.; Stropp, J.; Vasquez, R.; Zelazowski, P.; Davila, E.A.; Andelman, S.; Andrade, A.; Chao, K.J.; Erwin, T.; Di Fiore, A.; Honorio, E.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Cruz, A.P.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Vargas, P.N.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Rudas, A.; Salamao, R.; Silva, N.; Terborgh, J.; Torres-Lezama, A. |
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Title |
Drought Sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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323 |
Issue |
5919 |
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1344-1347 |
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Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change. |
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[Phillips, Oliver L.; Lewis, Simon L.; Lloyd, Jon; Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela; Peacock, Julie; Quesada, Carlos A.; van der Heijden, Geertje; Baker, Tim R.; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Gloor, Emanuel; Patino, Sandra; Schwarz, Michael; Chao, Kuo-Jung; Keeling, Helen] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk |
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AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE |
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0036-8075 |
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ISI:000263876700042 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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120 |
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Petitjean, C.; Hénault, C.; Perrin, A.-S.; Pontet, C.; Metay, A.; Bernoux, M.; Jehanno, T.; Viard, A.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Soil N2O emissions in French Guiana after the conversion of tropical forest to agriculture with the chop-and-mulch method |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment |
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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment |
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208 |
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64-74 |
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Chop-and-mulch method; Fire-free deforestation; French Guiana; Land use change; Soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions |
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In French Guiana, the population growth will result in an increase in demand for agricultural products and thus, will lead to an increase in the amount of tropical forests converted into cropland or pasture. Impacts of different agricultural systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes have not been studied in French Guiana. In this context, the fire-free chop-and-mulch method was used to convert a tropical forest site to agriculture. This study focused on soil nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) emissions and we compared four land uses: (1) the undisturbed tropical forest, (2) recently converted grassland and recently converted croplands (fertilized soybean/maize rotation) with either (3) disk tillage or (4) no tillage.N<inf>2</inf>O measurements were obtained through the chamber technique and conducted over a 1-year period (measurements began 19 months after the forest was cleared). N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were related to soil parameters measured at each sampling date: nitrate and ammonium contents, gravimetric water content (GWC) and temperature. Through the entire period, the mean (± standard error) and median N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were 3.8 ± 0.5 and 2.7 gNha-1day-1, respectively for undisturbed tropical forest and 2.4 ± 0.9 and 0.8gNha-1day-1, respectively for grassland (mowed Brachiaria ruziziensis). For croplands, no significant difference was found for N<inf>2</inf>O emissions between both agricultural practices. The mean (± standard error) and median N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes were 8.5 ± 1.2 and 4.0 gNha-1day-1, respectively for disk tillage plots and 8.5 ± 1.3 and 3.6gNha-1day-1, respectively for no tillage plots. Nitrogen inputs (due to the application of fertilizer or due to the mineralization of crop residues) led to higher N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes, resulting in significantly higher mean N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from croplands compared to the forest, when only considering land use effect on N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes in a statistical model. The soil nitrate content, GWC and temperature had a significant positive effect on N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes. Taking into account these soil parameters in another statistical model, N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from croplands were not higher than the natural N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from tropical forest soils. Our results suggest that, if more forest will have to be converted in the course of the expected population growth in French Guiana, it could have low impact on the soil N<inf>2</inf>O fluxes (similar to natural fluxes from forest) with the improving of farming techniques (for example modification of the splitting of N-fertilizer) in the cropping plots. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, Campus agronomiqueKourou, Guyane Française, France |
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Export Date: 18 May 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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601 |
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Petit, M.; Denis, T.; Rux, O.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Berzins, R. |
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Estimating jaguar (Panthera onca) density in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Mammalia |
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Mammalia |
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82 |
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2 |
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188-192 |
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camera trapping; density; French Guiana; home range; Panthera onca; spatially explicit capture recapture |
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Knowledge of the jaguar population is needed in French Guiana that faces an increase of human-jaguar conflicts. We carried out a camera trap survey to assess jaguar local density and home range size in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana. We ran spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) models. In our model, the scale parameter σ, that is linked to the home range size, was larger for males (σ=3.87±0.59 SE km) than for females (σ=2.33±0.30 SE km). The assessed jaguar density was 3.22±0.87 SE ind. 100 km â '2, which should be considered as an optimal density in a French Guiana coastal area. |
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Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Campus Agronomique, BP316, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 7 May 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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803 |
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Petit, M.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Are ontogenetic shifts in foliar structure and resource acquisition spatially conditioned in tank-bromeliads? |
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2014 |
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Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Bot J Linn Soc |
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175 |
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2 |
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299-312 |
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Aechmea mertensii; Camponotus femoratus; French Guiana; leaf traits; mutualistic ants; natural stable isotopes; ontogeny; Pachycondyla goeldii; phenotypic plasticity; plant morphology |
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The phenotypic plasticity of plants has been explored as a function of either ontogeny (apparent plasticity) or environment (adaptive plasticity), although few studies have analyzed these factors together. In the present study, we take advantage of the dispersal of Aechmea mertensii bromeliads by Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii ants in shaded and sunny environments, respectively, to quantify ontogenetic changes in morphological, foliar, and functional traits, and to analyze ontogenetic and ant species effects on 14 traits. Most of the morphological (plant height, number of leaves), foliar (leaf thickness, leaf mass area, total water content, trichome density), and functional (leaf δ13C) traits differed as a function of ontogeny. Conversely, only leaf δ15N showed an adaptive phenotypic plasticity. On the other hand, plant width, tank width, longest leaf length, stomatal density, and leaf C concentration showed an adaptation to local environment with ontogeny. The exception was leaf N concentration, which showed no trend at all. Aechmea mertensii did not show an abrupt morphological modification such as in heteroblastic bromeliads, although it was characterized by strong, size-related functional modifications for CO2 acquisition. The adaptive phenotypic variation found between the two ant species indicates the spatially conditioned plasticity of A. mertensii in the context of insect-assisted dispersal. However, ant-mediated effects on phenotypic plasticity in A. mertensii are not obvious because ant species and light environment are confounding variables. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 175, 299–312. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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564 |
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Petillon, J.; Montaigne, W.; Renault, D. |
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Hypoxic coma as a strategy to survive inundation in a salt-marsh inhabiting spider |
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2009 |
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Biology Letters |
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Biol. Lett. |
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5 |
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4 |
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442-445 |
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WOS:000267881700002 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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288 |
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