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Pavoine, S.; Marcon, E.; Ricotta, C. |
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Title |
‘Equivalent numbers’ for species, phylogenetic or functional diversity in a nested hierarchy of multiple scales |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1152-1163 |
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Keywords |
alpha diversity; beta diversity; biodiversity; community ecology; community phylogenetics; diversity apportionment; gamma diversity; quadratic entropy |
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Abstract |
Many recent studies have searched to integrate species’ functions and phylogenies in the measurement of biodiversity. To obtain easily interpretable measures, some researchers recommended diversity indices expressed in terms of equivalent numbers of species: the number of equally likely and maximally dissimilar species needed to produce the given value of diversity. Then, biodiversity is often calculated at three scales: within communities (α diversity), among communities (β diversity) and in a region (γ diversity). These three scales are, however, insufficient to tackle the organization of biodiversity in space because, for most organisms, there is a nested hierarchy of multiple scales characterized by different patterns and processes, from the small neighbourhood to the biosphere. We developed methodologies for analysing species, functional, taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity in a hierarchy of multiple scales using equivalent numbers of species. As an example, we analysed the taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Loire River, France, at four levels: within sites (α diversity), among sites within geological regions (β1 diversity), among geological regions (β2 diversity) and at the river scale (γ diversity). The new hierarchical approaches of biodiversity revealed very low differences among sites within regions and among regions in terms of taxonomy and functional traits (size and diet), despite moderate, significant species turnover among geological regions. We compare our framework with those other authors have developed. We argue that different definitions of α, β, γ diversities are used in the literature reflecting different points of view on biodiversity. We make recommendations on how to normalize functional (or phylogenetic) dissimilarities among species to render sites and regions comparable, and discuss the pros and cons of our approach. The hierarchical approaches of biodiversity in terms of ‘equivalent numbers’ respond to current demands to obtain intuitive, easily interpretable components of biodiversity. The approaches we propose go beyond current developments by considering a hierarchy of spatial scales and unbalanced sampling design. They will provide powerful tools to detect the ecological and evolutionary processes that act differently at different scales. © 2016 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2016 British Ecological Society |
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Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy |
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Export Date: 20 October 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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697 |
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Patino, S.; Lloyd, J.; Paiva, R.; Baker, T.R.; Quesada, C.A.; Mercado, L.M.; Schmerler, J.; Schwarz, M.; Santos, A.J.B.; Aguilar, A.; Czimczik, C.I.; Gallo, J.; Horna, V.; Hoyos, E.J.; Jimenez, E.M.; Palomino, W.; Peacock, J.; Pena-Cruz, A.; Sarmiento, C.; Sota, A.; Turriago, J.D.; Villanueva, B.; Vitzthum, P.; Alvarez, E.; Arroyo, L.; Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Chave, J.; Costa, A.C.L.; Herrera, R.; Higuchi, N.; Killeen, T.; Leal, E.; Luizao, F.; Meir, P.; Monteagudo, A.; Neil, D.; Nunez-Vargas, P.; Penuela, M.C.; Pitman, N.; Priante, N.; Prieto, A.; Panfil, S.N.; Rudas, A.; Salomao, R.; Silva, N.; Silveira, M.; deAlmeida, S.S.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Vasquez-Martinez, R.; Vieira, I.; Malhi, Y.; Phillips, O.L. |
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Title |
Branch xylem density variations across the Amazon Basin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
545-568 |
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Abstract |
Xylem density is a physical property of wood that varies between individuals, species and environments. It reflects the physiological strategies of trees that lead to growth, survival and reproduction. Measurements of branch xylem density, rho(x), were made for 1653 trees representing 598 species, sampled from 87 sites across the Amazon basin. Measured values ranged from 218 kg m(-3) for a Cordia sagotii (Boraginaceae) from Mountagne de Tortue, French Guiana to 1130 kg m(-3) for an Aiouea sp. (Lauraceae) from Caxiuana, Central Para, Brazil. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in average rho(x) across regions and sampled plots as well as significant differences between families, genera and species. A partitioning of the total variance in the dataset showed that species identity (family, genera and species) accounted for 33% with environment (geographic location and plot) accounting for an additional 26%; the remaining “residual” variance accounted for 41% of the total variance. Variations in plot means, were, however, not only accountable by differences in species composition because xylem density of the most widely distributed species in our dataset varied systematically from plot to plot. Thus, as well as having a genetic component, branch xylem density is a plastic trait that, for any given species, varies according to where the tree is growing in a predictable manner. Within the analysed taxa, exceptions to this general rule seem to be pioneer species belonging for example to the Urticaceae whose branch xylem density is more constrained than most species sampled in this study. These patterns of variation of branch xylem density across Amazonia suggest a large functional diversity amongst Amazonian trees which is not well understood. |
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[Patino, S.; Aguilar, A.; Jimenez, E. M.; Vitzthum, P.; Penuela, M. C.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Amazonico Invest Imani, Grp Ecol Ecosistemas Terrestres Trop, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia, Email: sanpatiga@gmail.com |
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COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS |
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1726-4170 |
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ISI:000265743200004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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115 |
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Pastorello, G.; Trotta, C.; Canfora, E.; Chu, H.; Christianson, D.; Cheah, Y.-W.; Poindexter, C.; Chen, J.; Elbashandy, A.; Humphrey, M.; Isaac, P.; Polidori, D.; Ribeca, A.; van Ingen, C.; Zhang, L.; Amiro, B.; Ammann, C.; Arain, M.A.; Ardö, J.; Arkebauer, T.; Arndt, S.K.; Arriga, N.; Aubinet, M.; Aurela, M.; Baldocchi, D.; Barr, A.; Beamesderfer, E.; Marchesini, L.B.; Bergeron, O.; Beringer, J.; Bernhofer, C.; Berveiller, D.; Billesbach, D.; Black, T.A.; Blanken, P.D.; Bohrer, G.; Boike, J.; Bolstad, P.V.; Bonal, D.; Bonnefond, J.-M.; Bowling, D.R.; Bracho, R.; Brodeur, J.; Brümmer, C.; Buchmann, N.; Burban, B.; Burns, S.P.; Buysse, P.; Cale, P.; Cavagna, M.; Cellier, P.; Chen, S.; Chini, I.; Christensen, T.R.; Cleverly, J.; Collalti, A.; Consalvo, C.; Cook, B.D.; Cook, D.; Coursolle, C.; Cremonese, E.; Curtis, P.S.; D'Andrea, E.; da Rocha, H.; Dai, X.; Davis, K.J.; De Cinti, B.; de Grandcourt, A.; De Ligne, A.; De Oliveira, R.C.; Delpierre, N.; Desai, A.R.; Di Bella, C.M.; di Tommasi, P.; Dolman, H.; Domingo, F.; Dong, G.; Dore, S.; Duce, P.; Dufrêne, E.; Dunn, A.; Dušek, J.; Eamus, D.; Eichelmann, U.; ElKhidir, H.A.M.; Eugster, W.; Ewenz, C.M.; Ewers, B.; Famulari, D.; Fares, S.; Feigenwinter, I.; Feitz, A.; Fensholt, R.; Filippa, G.; Fischer, M.; Frank, J.; Galvagno, M.; Gharun, M.; Gianelle, D.; Gielen, B.; Gioli, B.; Gitelson, A.; Goded, I.; Goeckede, M.; Goldstein, A.H.; Gough, C.M.; Goulden, M.L.; Graf, A.; Griebel, A.; Gruening, C.; Grünwald, T.; Hammerle, A.; Han, S.; Han, X.; Hansen, B.U.; Hanson, C.; Hatakka, J.; He, Y.; Hehn, M.; Heinesch, B.; Hinko-Najera, N.; Hörtnagl, L.; Hutley, L.; Ibrom, A.; Ikawa, H.; Jackowicz-Korczynski, M.; Janouš, D.; Jans, W.; Jassal, R.; Jiang, S.; Kato, T.; Khomik, M.; Klatt, J.; Knohl, A.; Knox, S.; Kobayashi, H.; Koerber, G.; Kolle, O.; Kosugi, Y.; Kotani, A.; Kowalski, A.; Kruijt, B.; Kurbatova, J.; Kutsch, W.L.; Kwon, H.; Launiainen, S.; Laurila, T.; Law, B.; Leuning, R.; Li, Y.; Liddell, M.; Limousin, J.-M.; Lion, M.; Liska, A.J.; Lohila, A.; López-Ballesteros, A.; López-Blanco, E.; Loubet, B.; Loustau, D.; Lucas-Moffat, A.; Lüers, J.; Ma, S.; Macfarlane, C.; Magliulo, V.; Maier, R.; Mammarella, I.; Manca, G.; Marcolla, B.; Margolis, H.A.; Marras, S.; Massman, W.; Mastepanov, M.; Matamala, R.; Matthes, J.H.; Mazzenga, F.; McCaughey, H.; McHugh, I.; McMillan, A.M.S.; Merbold, L.; Meyer, W.; Meyers, T.; Miller, S.D.; Minerbi, S.; Moderow, U.; Monson, R.K.; Montagnani, L.; Moore, C.E.; Moors, E.; Moreaux, V.; Moureaux, C.; Munger, J.W.; Nakai, T.; Neirynck, J.; Nesic, Z.; Nicolini, G.; Noormets, A.; Northwood, M.; Nosetto, M.; Nouvellon, Y.; Novick, K.; Oechel, W.; Olesen, J.E.; Ourcival, J.-M.; Papuga, S.A.; Parmentier, F.-J.; Paul-Limoges, E.; Pavelka, M.; Peichl, M.; Pendall, E.; Phillips, R.P.; Pilegaard, K.; Pirk, N.; Posse, G.; Powell, T.; Prasse, H.; Prober, S.M.; Rambal, S.; Rannik, Ü.; Raz-Yaseef, N.; Reed, D.; de Dios, V.R.; Restrepo-Coupe, N.; Reverter, B.R.; Roland, M.; Sabbatini, S.; Sachs, T.; Saleska, S.R.; Sánchez-Cañete, E.P.; Sanchez-Mejia, Z.M.; Schmid, H.P.; Schmidt, M.; Schneider, K.; Schrader, F.; Schroder, I.; Scott, R.L.; Sedlák, P.; Serrano-Ortíz, P.; Shao, C.; Shi, P.; Shironya, I.; Siebicke, L.; Šigut, L.; Silberstein, R.; Sirca, C.; Spano, D.; Steinbrecher, R.; Stevens, R.M.; Sturtevant, C.; Suyker, A.; Tagesson, T.; Takanashi, S.; Tang, Y.; Tapper, N.; Thom, J.; Tiedemann, F.; Tomassucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.-P.; Urbanski, S.; Valentini, R.; van der Molen, M.; van Gorsel, E.; van Huissteden, K.; Varlagin, A.; Verfaillie, J.; Vesala, T.; Vincke, C.; Vitale, D.; Vygodskaya, N.; Walker, J.P.; Walter-Shea, E.; Wang, H.; Weber, R.; Westermann, S.; Wille, C.; Wofsy, S.; Wohlfahrt, G.; Wolf, S.; Woodgate, W.; Li, Y.; Zampedri, R.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, G.; Zona, D.; Agarwal, D.; Biraud, S.; Torn, M.; Papale, D. |
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Title |
The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific data |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Data |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
225 |
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Keywords |
article; breathing; ecophysiology; ecosystem; Eddy covariance; licence; metadata; photosynthesis; pipeline; remote sensing; time series analysis; uncertainty |
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Abstract |
The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible. |
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Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC), Lecce, 73100, Italy |
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NLM (Medline) |
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20524463 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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958 |
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Author |
Parelle, J.; Zapater, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Kremer, A.; Jolivet, Y.; Dreyer, E.; Brendel, O. |
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Title |
Quantitative trait loci of tolerance to waterlogging in a European oak (Quercus robur L.): physiological relevance and temporal effect patterns |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Plant Cell and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Cell Environ. |
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30 |
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4 |
Pages |
422-434 |
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allelic substitution effect; correlation clustering; epinasty; hypertrophied lenticel; multi-environment model; root hypoxia |
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Quercus robur L. is a mid-European broadleaved tree species that grows readily on temporary waterlogged soils. An experiment aiming to identify potential markers of tolerance to waterlogging in this species and to assess the degree of genetic control over the corresponding traits was conducted. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were assessed in an F-1 progeny for responses to waterlogging, and the relevance of the observed traits as markers of tolerance was investigated using a precise description of the time course of their expression. Five significant QTL involved in the response to waterlogging were identified. In particular, QTL were detected for the development of hypertrophied lenticels and for the degree of leaf epinasty, but not for the formation of adventitious roots. A multi-environment QTL model allowed a detailed description of the time course (7 weeks) of the allelic substitution effect of some of these QTL. Correlation clustering identified significant clusters of QTL, at inter-trait as well as at intra-trait level. These clusters suggest the occurrence of a genetically controlled response cascade to waterlogging. |
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UHP, UMR 1137, Ctr INRA Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0140-7791 |
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ISI:000244419700005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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219 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.A.; Patino, S.; Sarmiento, C.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Functional explanations for variation in bark thickness in tropical rain forest trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1202-1210 |
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bark thickness; fire ecology; flexural rigidity; herbivore defence; periderm; rhytidome; trunk respiration |
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P>1. The complex structure of tree bark reflects its many functions, which include structural support as well as defence against fire, pests and pathogens. Thick bark, however, might limit respiration by the living tissues of the trunk. Nevertheless, little research has addressed community-level variation in bark thickness, and to the best of our knowledge, no one has tested multiple hypotheses to explain variation in bark thickness. 2. We conducted an extensive survey of bark thickness within and among species of trees in the tropical rain forests of French Guiana. Trunk bark thickness increased by 1 center dot 2 mm per 10 cm increase in stem diameter, and varied widely at all taxonomic levels. Mean trunk bark thickness was 4 center dot 5 mm (range: 0 center dot 5-29 mm), which was less that found in two Amazonian rain forests in previous studies. This survey of bark thickness should be of use for forest management since tree survival through fire is strongly predicted by bark thickness. 3. We combined the survey data with multiple datasets to test several functional hypotheses proposed to explain variation in bark thickness. We found bark to provide an average of 10% of the flexural rigidity of tree stems, which was substantially less than that found in the only other study of bark stiffness. Bark thickness was uncorrelated with species' association with fire-prone habitats, suggesting that the influence of fire on bark thickness does not extend into moist Forests. There was also little evidence that bark thickness is affected by its function as a defence against herbivory. Nor was there evidence that thick bark limits trunk respiration. 4. A re-analysis of previously collected anatomical data indicated that variation in rhytidome (non-conducting outer bark) thickness explains much of the variation in overall bark thickness. As rhytidome is primarily involved in protecting the living tissues of the trunk, we suggest that bark thickness is driven mostly by its defensive function. 5. Functional explanations for the variation in bark thickness were not clear-cut. Nevertheless, this study provides a foundation for further investigation of the functional bases of bark in tropical trees. |
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[Paine, Charles Eliot Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000284589400005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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15 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Norden, N.; Chave, J.; Forget, P.-M.; Fortunel, C.; Dexter, K.G.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Phylogenetic density dependence and environmental filtering predict seedling mortality in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Lett. |
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15 |
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1 |
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34-41 |
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Community assembly; Density dependence; French Guiana; Generalised linear mixed models; Janzen-Connell hypothesis; Seedling recruitment; Species coexistence; Survival |
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Negative density dependence (NDD) and environmental filtering (EF) shape community assembly, but their relative importance is poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that seedling's mortality risk is positively related to the phylogenetic relatedness of neighbours. However, natural enemies, whose depredations often cause NDD, respond to functional traits of hosts rather than phylogenetic relatedness per se. To understand the roles of NDD and EF in community assembly, we assessed the effects on seedling mortality of functional similarity, phylogenetic relatedness and stem density of neighbouring seedlings and adults in a species-rich tropical forest. Mortality risks increased for common species when their functional traits departed substantially from the neighbourhood mean, and for all species when surrounded by close relatives. This indicates that NDD affects community assembly more broadly than does EF, and leads to the tentative conclusion that natural enemies respond to phylogenetically correlated traits. Our results affirm the prominence of NDD in structuring species-rich communities. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States |
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1461023x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 13 December 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Eclef; doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01705.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Paine, C.E.T.; Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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373 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Carson, W.P. |
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Title |
Weak competition among tropical tree seedlings: Implications for species coexistence |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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40 |
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4 |
Pages |
432-440 |
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Brosimum alicastrum; competitive irrelevance; maintenance of biodiversity; Matisia cordata; resource competition; Panama; Peru; Pouteria reticulata; zone of influence |
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Abstract |
The intensity of competition among forest tree seedlings is poorly understood, but has important ramifications for their recruitment and for the maintenance of species diversity. Intense competition among seedlings could allow competitively dominant species to exclude subordinate species. Alternatively, the low density and small stature of forest tree seedlings could preclude intense interseedling competition. In this case, other processes, such as size-asymmetric competition with adults, interactions with consumers, or neutral dynamics would prevail as those structuring the forest understory. We tested the intensity of, and potential for, intraspecific competition among tree seedlings of three species (Brosimum alicastrum, Matisia cordata, and Pouteria reticulata) in two Neotropical rain forests. We reduced stem densities by up to 90 percent and monitored individual growth and survival rates for up to 24 mo. Individual growth and survival rates were generally unrelated to stem density. Contrary to the predicted behavior of intensely competing plant populations, the distribution of individual heights did not become more left-skewed with time for any species, regardless of plot density; i.e., excesses of short, suppressed individuals did not accumulate in high-density plots. We further measured the overlap of zones of influence (ZOIs) to assess the potential for resource competition. Seedling ZOIs overlapped only slightly in extremely dense monodominant plots, and even less in ambient-density plots of mixed composition. Our results thus suggest that interseedling competition was weak. Given the low density of tree seedlings in Neotropical forests, we infer that resource competition among seedlings may be irrelevant to their recruitment. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: cetpaine@gmail.com |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000257717500006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
134 |
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Author |
Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E.; Ramos, J. |
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Title |
Supplemental irrigation increases seedling performance and diversity in a tropical forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
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Pages |
171-180 |
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Keywords |
diversity; Estacion Biologica Los Amigos; habitat filtering; palms; Peru; precipitation; seasonality; seedling recruitment |
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Abstract |
Diversity is positively correlated with water availability at global, continental and regional scales. With the objective of better understanding the mechanisms that drive these relationships. we investigated the degree to which variation in water availability affects the performance (recruitment, growth a rid survival) of juvenile trees. Precipitation was supplemented throughout two dry seasons in a seasonal moist forest in south-eastern Peru. Supplementing precipitation by 160 mm mo(-1), we increased soil moisture by 17%. To generate seedling communities or known species composition, we sowed 3840 seeds of 12 species. We monitored the fates of the 554 seedlings recruited from the sown seeds. as well as 1856 older non-sown seedlings (10 cm <= height < 50 cm), and 2353 saplings (> 1 m tall). Watering significantly enhanced young seedling growth and survival, increasing stern density and diversity. Watering diminished the recruitment of species associated with upland forests, but increased the survival of both upland- and lowland-associated species. Though supplemental watering increased the growth of older seedlings. their density and diversity were unaffected. Sapling performance was insensitive to watering. We infer that variation in dry-season water availability may affect seedling community structure by differentially affecting recruitment and increasing overall survival. These results suggest that differential seedling recruitment and survival may contribute to the observed relationships between water availability, habitat associations and patterns of tree species richness. |
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Address |
[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: timothy.paine@ecofog.gf |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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Notes |
ISI:000264212400006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
118 |
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Author |
Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E. |
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Title |
Quantifying the effects of seed arrival and environmental conditions on tropical seedling community structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
160 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
139-150 |
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Keywords |
Community assembly; Dispersal; Niche differentiation; Seed addition; Variance partitioning |
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Abstract |
Though it is recognized that both stochastic and deterministic processes structure all communities, empirical assessments of their relative importance are rare, particularly within any single community. In this paper, we quantify the dynamic effects of dispersal assembly and niche assembly on the seedling layer in a diverse neotropical rain forest. The two theories make divergent predictions regarding the roles of seed arrival and environmental heterogeneity in generating community structure. Put simply, dispersal assembly posits that the stochasticity inherent to seed arrival structures communities, whereas niche assembly suggests that heterogeneity in post-dispersal environmental conditions is more important. We experimentally sowed 15,132 seeds of eight tree species at varying levels of density and diversity. Every six months we censused the seedlings that germinated and assessed the abiotic and biotic conditions of each plot. We assessed the density, diversity, and species composition of three nested subsets of the seedling layer: seedlings germinated from sown seeds, all seedlings germinated between July 2003 and 2004, and all woody seedlings. We partitioned the variance in density and diversity of each subset of the seedling layer into components representing seed-addition treatments and environmental conditions at 6- to 12-month intervals. Seed additions initially explained more variance in the density and diversity than did environmental heterogeneity for seven of eight sown species, but explained little variance in the density or diversity of the entire seedling layer. Species composition was better explained by seed-addition treatments than by environmental heterogeneity for all three subsets and in all time periods. Nevertheless, the variance in community structure explained by seed-addition treatments declined over the two years following germination, presaging shifts in the relative importance of dispersal assembly and niche assembly. Our study quantifies how dispersal assembly and niche assembly may vary among the components of an ecological community and shift dynamically through time. |
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Address |
[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: timothy.paine@ecofog.gf |
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SPRINGER |
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0029-8549 |
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ISI:000265100500014 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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116 |
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Author |
Paine, C.E.T.; Baraloto, C.; Díaz, S. |
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Title |
Optimal strategies for sampling functional traits in species-rich forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Functional Ecology |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1325-1331 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; Functional traits; Plant traits; Sampling design; Specific leaf area; Tropical forest; Wood density |
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Abstract |
Functional traits provide insight into a variety of ecological questions, yet the optimal sampling method to estimate the community-level distribution of plant functional trait values remains a subject of debate, especially in species-rich forests. We present a simulation analysis of the trait distribution of a set of nine completely sampled permanent plots in the lowland rain forests of French Guiana. Increased sampling intensity consistently improved accuracy in estimating community-weighted means and variances of functional trait values, whereas there was substantial variation among functional traits and minor differences among sampling strategies. Thus, investment in intensified sampling yields a greater improvement in the accuracy of estimation than does an equivalent investment in sampling design complication. Notably, 'taxon-free' strategies frequently had greater accuracy than did abundance-based strategies, which had the additional cost of requiring botanical surveys. We conclude that there is no substitute for extensive field sampling to accurately characterize the distribution of functional trait values in species-rich forests. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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Address |
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina |
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Export Date: 12 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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630 |
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