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Author |
Blanc, L.; Dick, J.M. |
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Title |
Errors in repeated measurements of soil water content in pots using a ThetaProbe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Soil Use and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Use Manage. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-88 |
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Keywords |
measurement; soil water content; probes |
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Abstract |
The accuracy of a ThetaProbe (Delta-T Devices Ltd, UK) to obtain repeated measures of soil water content in pot plants was tested. This alternative to balance determinations led to a large underestimation of water content, varying from 12.2 to 21.8% of the total water content, depending on soil type. |
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Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland |
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C A B I PUBLISHING |
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0266-0032 |
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ISI:000181552000013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
247 |
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Author |
Dutech, C.; Seiter, J.; Petronelli, P.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Evidence of low gene flow in a neotropical clustered tree species in two rainforest stands of French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
725-738 |
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Keywords |
Caesalpiniaceae; gene flow; recolonization process; spatial genetic structure; tropical rainforest; Vouacapoua americana |
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Abstract |
The spatial genetic structure of the neotropical, clustered tree species Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) was studied in two natural forest stands (Paracou and Nouragues) in French Guiana. Using eight microsatellite loci, V. americana is characterized by a marked genetic structure at small spatial distances (under 30-60 m), in agreement with the limited seed dispersal by rodent species. Gene flow through pollen is also shown to be mainly restricted to less than 100 m. This result suggests that most pollination events (mediated through small insects) are probably limited to within-patches of individuals, which might explain the high genetic differentiation among patches (F-ST = 0.11) separated by less than 2 km. We also assume that stronger genetic structure in Paracou is likely to be due to lower seed dispersal by rodents, large spatial distances separating patches, or a recent recolonization event. |
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Address |
CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: jarne@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000175250300008 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
248 |
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Author |
Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
625-632 |
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Keywords |
Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
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Abstract |
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
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Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000233179100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
251 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
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Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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ISSN |
0012-9658 |
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Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Thibaut, A.; Gril, J. |
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Title |
Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-467 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; reaction wood; maturation strain; Young's modulus; eccentricity |
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Abstract |
Active mechanisms of re-orientation are necessary to maintain the verticality of tree stems. They are achieved through the production of reaction wood, associated with circumferential variations of three factors related to cambial activity: maturation strain, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) and eccentric growth. These factors were measured on 17 mature trees from different botanical families and geographical locations. Various patterns of circumferential variation of these factors were identified. A biomechanical analysis based on beam theory was performed to quantify the individual impact of each factor. The main factor of re-orientation is the circumferential variation of maturation strains. However, this factor alone explains only 57% of the re-orientations. Other factors also have an effect through their interaction with maturation strains. Eccentric growth is generally associated with heterogeneity of maturation strains, and has an important complementary role, by increasing the width of wood with high maturation strain. Without this factor, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 31% for angiosperms and 26% for gymnosperms. In the case of angiosperms, MOE is often larger in tension wood than in normal wood. Without these variations, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 13%. In the case of gymnosperm trees, MOE of compression wood is lower than that of normal wood, so that re-orientation efficiency would be increased by 24% without this factor of variations. |
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Address |
Nagoya Univ, Lab Biomat Phys, Dept Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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ISSN |
0931-1890 |
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Notes |
ISI:000229890700012 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
253 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Baba, K.; Thibaut, B.; Sugiyama, J. |
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Title |
Precautions for the structural analysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
189-195 |
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Keywords |
artefact; fibre wall; gelatinous layer (G-layer); tension wood |
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Abstract |
The gelatinous layer (G-layer) of tension wood fibres in hardwood contributes to the mechanical function of the living tree and has significant consequences on properties of solid wood. Its size, shape and structure observed by optical or electron microscopy exhibits characteristic anatomical features. However, we found that sectioning of non-embedded wood samples results in an uncontrolled swelling of the G-layer. In order to assess this artefact, the shape and thickness of the G-layer was monitored by serial sections from an embedded wood sample, from its trimmed transverse face to that located several hundreds of micrometres deep. The results revealed that the initial cutting before embedding produced a border effect responsible for the swollen nature, which is similar to sections from non-embedded material. After a conventional embedding technique was applied, a section of at least 30 micrometres below the trimming surface is required to observe an un-swollen G-layer. |
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Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@blmgc.univ.montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000229698100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
254 |
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Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Barreneche, T.; Kremer, A.; Plomion, C. |
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Title |
Quantitative trait loci mapping for vegetative propagation in pedunculate oak |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
369-374 |
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Keywords |
vegetative propagation; QTL; Quercus robur |
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Abstract |
Vegetative propagation is one of the main methods used for the deployment of improved genetic forest tree species. The objective of this paper was to study the genetic architecture of vegetative propagation by detecting Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur). The mapping population consisted on an F-1 family of 278 offspring. Assessment of rooting ability over three years permitted the detection of 10 QTLs explaining between 4.4 and 13.8% of phenotypic variance, of which the two strongest were stable across years. Ongoing genomics programs in trees and in Arabidopsis are starting to shed light on the nature of the underlying genes. |
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Address |
Equipe Genet, INRA, UMR 1202, BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: christophe.plomion@pierroton.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000229668600010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
255 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Gril, J.; Yamamoto, H. |
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Title |
Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
347-353 |
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Keywords |
anisotropy; boundary conditions; cell-wall maturation; growth strain; multilayer model; residual stress; wood fibre |
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Abstract |
A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ. |
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Address |
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: tancrede@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp |
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WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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ISSN |
0018-3830 |
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Notes |
ISI:000228828800016 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
256 |
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Author |
Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Comu, G.; Jesel, S.; Dessard, H.; Jourget, J.G.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N. |
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Title |
Using models to predict recovery and assess tree species vulnerability in logged tropical forests: A case study from French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
209 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
69-86 |
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Keywords |
matrix model; individual-based spatially explicit model; regeneration; recruitment; long-term population dynamics |
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Abstract |
A major challenge for forest managers is to define the optimal cutting cycle to ensure that the resource is sustained in the long term. Matrix models of forest dynamics allow time-projection of diameter-class distributions and thus assessment of the time needed, after logging, to recover a given part of the exploitable stock. They are easy to build and they only require, as input variables, the diameter structure of the population(s) under scope. However, such models are based on a coarse description of tree population dynamics and must be used with caution. In particular, as trees are only described from a diameter threshold (usually 10 cm dbh), recruitment of a new tree cannot be linked with the preceding generation since too much time elapsed between seed dispersal and the installation of a 10-cm recruit. This causes predictions of matrix models to be highly questionable in the long term when ingrowth to larger dbh classes greatly depends on the way recruitment has been modelled. We used a case study from French Guiana to test whether or not a simple matrix model is reliable enough to help forest managers choose between management alternatives. We focused on the major timber species Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) harvested under a selective cutting regime. We compared predictions of D. guianensis stock recovery in the short and long term provided by two models: StoMat, a non-regulated matrix model, and SELVA, a single-tree distance dependent model explicitly simulating the entire species life cycle. Both models were independently calibrated on data from Paracou permanent sample plots. We showed that: (i) the short-term recovery of the exploitable stock predicted by StoMat is reliable for a large range of disturbance conditions; (ii) recruitment implementation in StoMat does not influence projections until the third felling cycle; (iii) for shared initial stand conditions SELVA and StoMat give consistent mid- and long-term predictions: the simple recruitment model used into StoMat could efficiently summarise the regeneration processes of the species under low felling intensity. Our results indicate that the current felling regime used in French Guiana may not be sustainable on a long-term basis. In any case, no more than 60% of the initial stock would be recovered after logging. We conclude that simple models can provide as reliable predictions as more complicated ones. They may be sufficient to assess the recovery of a species' exploitable stock even in the long term, or at least assess the (un)sustainability of particular harvesting regimes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
CIRAD, Dept Forets, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0378-1127 |
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Notes |
ISI:000228504600007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
257 |
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Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Mariette, S.; Porth, I.; Goicoechea, P.G.; Barreneche, T.; Bodenes, K.; Burg, K.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Genome scanning for interspecific differentiation between two closely related oak species [Quercus robur L. and Q petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
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Volume |
168 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1615-1626 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Interspecific differentiation values (G(ST)) between two closely related oak species (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) were compiled across different studies with the aim to explore the distribution of differentiation at the genome level. The study was based on a total set of 389 markers (isozymes, AFLPs, SCARs, microsatellites, and SNPs) for which allelic frequencies were estimated in pairs of populations sampled throughout the sympatric distribution of the two species. The overall distribution of GST values followed an L-shaped curve with most markers exhibiting low species differentiation (G(ST) < 0.01) and only a few loci reaching >10% levels. Twelve percent of the loci exhibited significant G(ST) deviations to neutral expectations, suggesting that selection contributed to species divergence. Coding regions expressed higher differentiation than noncoding regions. Among the 389 markers, 158 could be mapped on the 12 linkage groups of the existing Q. robur genetic map. Outlier loci with large G, values were distributed over 9 linkage groups. One cluster of three outlier loci was found within 0.51 cM; but significant autocorrelation of GST was observed at distances <2 cM. The size and distribution of genomic regions involved in species divergence are discussed in reference to hitchhiking effects and disruptive selection. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: kremer@pierronton.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
GENETICS |
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ISSN |
0016-6731 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000225767400041 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
258 |
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