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Goulamoussene, Y.; Bedeau, C.; Descroix, L.; Linguet, L.; Herault, B. |
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Environmental control of natural gap size distribution in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Biogeosciences |
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Biogeosciences |
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14 |
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2 |
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353-364 |
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Natural disturbances are the dominant form of forest regeneration and dynamics in unmanaged tropical forests. Monitoring the size distribution of treefall gaps is important to better understand and predict the carbon budget in response to land use and other global changes. In this study, we model the size frequency distribution of natural canopy gaps with a discrete power law distribution. We use a Bayesian framework to introduce and test, using Monte Carlo Markov chain and Kuo-Mallick algorithms, the effect of local physical environment on gap size distribution. We apply our methodological framework to an original light detecting and ranging dataset in which natural forest gaps were delineated over 30 000 ha of unmanaged forest. We highlight strong links between gap size distribution and environment, primarily hydrological conditions and topography, with large gaps being more frequent on floodplains and in wind-exposed areas. In the future, we plan to apply our methodological framework on a larger scale using satellite data. Additionally, although gap size distribution variation is clearly under environmental control, variation in gap size distribution in time should be tested against climate variability. © Author(s) 2017. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 7 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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729 |
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Bossu, J.; Beauchene, J.; Estevez, Y.; Duplais, C.; Clair, B. |
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New insights on wood dimensional stability influenced by secondary metabolites: The case of a fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis aubl |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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11 |
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3 |
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e0150777 |
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Challenging evaluation of tropical forest biodiversity requires the reporting of taxonomic diversity but also the systematic characterization of wood properties in order to discover new promising species for timber industry. Among wood properties, the dimensional stability is regarded as a major technological characteristic to validate whether a wood species is adapted to commercial uses. Cell structure and organization are known to influence the drying shrinkage making wood density and microfibrils angle markers of choice to predict wood dimensional stability. On the contrary the role of wood extractive content remains unclear. This work focuses on the fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis and we report herein a correlation between heartwood drying shrinkage and extractive content. Chemical extractions and shrinkage experiments were performed on separate wood twin samples to better evaluate correctly how secondary metabolites influence the wood shrinkage behaviour. Extractive content were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. We found that B guianensis heartwood has a homogeneous low shrinkage along its radius that could not be explained only by its basic density. In fact the low drying shrinkage is correlated to the high extractive content and a corrected model to improve the prediction of wood dimensional stability is presented. Additionally NMR experiments conducted on sapwood and heartwood extracts demonstrate that secondary metabolites biosynthesis occurs in sapwood thus revealing B. guianensis as a Juglans-Type heartwood formation. This work demonstrates that B. guianensis, a fast-growing species associated with high durability and high dimensional stability, is a good candidate for lumber production and commercial purposes. © 2016 Bossu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 18 April 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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673 |
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Zhang, T.; Bai, S.-L.; Bardet, S.; Almeras, T.; Thibaut, B.; Beauchene, J. |
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Radial variations of vibrational properties of three tropical woods |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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57 |
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5 |
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377-386 |
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Damping coefficient; Dynamic modulus; Extractives; Microfibril angle; Tropical woods |
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The radial trends of vibrational properties, represented by the specific dynamic modulus (E′/ρ) and damping coefficient (tan δ), were investigated for three tropical rainforest hardwood species (Simarouba amara, Carapa procera, and Symphonia globulifera) using free-free flexural vibration tests. The microfibril angle (MFA) was estimated using X-ray diffraction. Consistent patterns of radial variations were observed for all studied properties. E′/ρ was found to decrease from pith to bark, which was strongly related to the increasing pith-bark trend of MFA. The variation of tan δ along the radius could be partly explained by MFA and partly by the gradient of extractives due to heartwood formation. The coupling effect of MFA and extractives could be separated through analysis of the log(tan δ) versus log(E′/ρ) diagram. For the species studied, the extractive content putatively associated with heartwood formation generally tends to decrease the wood damping coefficient. However, this weakening effect of extractives was not observed for the inner part of the heartwood, suggesting that the mechanical action of extractives was reduced during their chemical ageing. © 2011 The Japan Wood Research Society. |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecofog, BP 701, 97387 Kourou Cedex, Guyane Française, France |
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14350211 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jwscf; doi: 10.1007/s10086-011-1189-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bai, S.-L.; Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; email: slbai@pku.edu.cn |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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363 |
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Marcon, E.; Herault, B. |
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Decomposing phylodiversity |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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6 |
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3 |
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333-339 |
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Biodiversity; Entropy; Functional diversity; Phylogenetic diversity |
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Measuring functional or phylogenetic diversity is the object of an active literature. The main issues to address are relating measures to a clear conceptual framework, allowing unavoidable estimation-bias correction and decomposing diversity along spatial scales. We provide a general mathematical framework to decompose measures of species-neutral, phylogenetic or functional diversity into α and β components. We first unify the definitions of phylogenetic and functional entropy and diversity as a generalization of HCDT entropy and Hill numbers when an ultrametric tree is considered. We then derive the decomposition of diversity. We propose a bias correction of the estimates allowing meaningful computation from real, often undersampled communities. Entropy can be transformed into true diversity, that is an effective number of species or communities. Estimators of α- and β-entropy, phylogenetic and functional entropy are provided. Proper definition and estimation of diversity is the first step towards better understanding its underlying ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, BP 709Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 31 March 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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590 |
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Lehnebach, R.; Morel, H.; Bossu, J.; Le Moguédec, G.; Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Nicolini, E. |
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Heartwood/sapwood profile and the tradeoff between trunk and crown increment in a natural forest: the case study of a tropical tree (Dicorynia guianensis Amsh., Fabaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Trees – Structure and Function |
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Trees – Structure and Function |
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31 |
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1 |
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199-214 |
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Dicorynia guianensis; Growth allocation; Heartwood; Ontogeny; Sapwood; Tropical tree |
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Key message: Sapwood area and the radial growth rate of the trunk follow the same pattern at breast height, with an initial increase and subsequent constant value, resulting from the increasing growth allocation toward the crown rather than tree decline. Heartwood area and heartwood volume in the trunk increase more rapidly after this shift occurs. Abstract: Sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) are two functionally distinct classifications of wood in perennial stems for which quantities can vary greatly in tropical trees. Numerous positive correlations have been found between the radial growth rate (RGR) and SW quantity; however, variations in the SW/HW quantities have not been studied in light of the ontogenetic variation of RGR. Wood core sampling, intensive measurements of tree structure (number of branches, stem volumes), and radial growth monitoring were performed on an abundant and highly exploited tree species in French Guiana (Dicorynia guianensis) to investigate the relationship between RGR, SW/HW quantity, tree structure, and their variations on the course of a tree’s ontogeny. SW area and RGR followed the same pattern of variation throughout tree development, both increasing first and reaching a steady state after 50 cm DBH (diameter at breast height). After this value, we observed a strong increase in both the HW area and HW volume increment, concomitant with a more rapid increase in crown volume. The stabilization of RGR for trees with DBH > 50 cm was related not to a tree’s decline but rather to an increasing wood allocation to the crown, confirming that RGR at breast height is a poor indicator of whole-tree growth for bigger individuals. We also confirmed that HW formation is an ontogenetic process managing SW quantity that is continuously and increasingly produced within the crown as the tree grows. This study highlights the effect of growth-mediated ontogenetic changes on the localization of water and carbohydrate storage within a tree, resulting from SW and HW dynamics throughout tree ontogeny. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG, BP701, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 19 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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733 |
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Vleminckx, J.; Schimann, H.; Decaëns, T.; Fichaux, M.; Vedel, V.; Jaouen, G.; Roy, M.; Lapied, E.; Engel, J.; Dourdain, A.; Petronelli, P.; Orivel, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Coordinated community structure among trees, fungi and invertebrate groups in Amazonian rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci. Rep. |
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9 |
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11337 |
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Little is known regarding how trophic interactions shape community assembly in tropical forests. Here we assess multi-taxonomic community assembly rules using a rare standardized coordinated inventory comprising exhaustive surveys of five highly-diverse taxonomic groups exerting key ecological functions: trees, fungi, earthworms, ants and spiders. We sampled 36 1.9-ha plots from four remote locations in French Guiana including precise soil measurements, and we tested whether species turnover was coordinated among groups across geographic and edaphic gradients. All species group pairs exhibited significant compositional associations that were independent from soil conditions. For some of the pairs, associations were also partly explained by soil properties, especially soil phosphorus availability. Our study provides evidence for coordinated turnover among taxonomic groups beyond simple relationships with environmental factors, thereby refining our understanding regarding the nature of interactions occurring among these ecologically important groups. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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879 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Stahl, C.; Herault, B. |
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Are commonly measured functional traits involved in tropical tree responses to climate? |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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International Journal of Ecology |
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Int. J. Ecol. |
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2014 |
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389409 |
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Climate models predict significant rainfall reduction in Amazonia, reducing water availability for trees. We present how functional traits modulate the tree growth response to climate. We used data from 3 years of bimestrial growth measurements for 204 trees of 53 species in the forest of Paracou, French Guiana. We integrated climate variables from an eddy covariance tower and functional trait values describing life history, leaf, and stem economics. Our results indicated that the measured functional traits are to some extent linked to the response of trees to climate but they are poor predictors of the tree climate-induced growth variation. Tree growth was affected by water availability for most of the species with different species growth strategies in drought conditions. These strategies were linked to some functional traits, especially maximum height and wood density. These results suggest that (i) trees seem adapted to the dry season at Paracou but they show different growth responses to drought, (ii) drought response is linked to growth strategy and is partly explained by functional traits, and (iii) the limited part of the variation of tree growth explained by functional traits may be a strong limiting factor for the prediction of tree growth response to climate. © 2014 Fabien Wagner et al. |
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CIRAD, UMR Systèmes d'Elevage en Milieux Méditerranéens et Tropicaux, 97379 Kourou, France |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
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16879716 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; email: wagner.h.fabien@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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556 |
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Lachenaud, P.; Rossi, V.; Thevenin, J.-M.; Doaré, F. |
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The “Guiana” genetic group: A new source of resistance to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod rot caused by Phytophthora capsici |
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2015 |
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Crop Protection |
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Crop Prot. |
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67 |
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91-95 |
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Black pod; Cocoa; French guiana; Phytophthora capsici; Resistance; Phytophthora capsici; Theobroma cacao |
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Black pod rot, caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, leads to serious production losses in all cocoa growing zones. In order to reduce the impact of these pests, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties, and sources of resistance are actively being sought, particularly in wild cacao trees. Surveys were undertaken in the natural cacao tree populations of south-eastern French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 and an abundant amount of plant material belonging to a particular genetic group, the “Guiana” group, was collected. A great deal of work has shown the merits of this genetic group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and megakarya. We describe here the results of a global study to assess the resistance of the 186 clones in the “Guiana” group “core collection” to a Guianese strain of Phytophthora capsici (strain Reg 2-6). This study, which used an efficient methodology (fifteen series of tests on leaf discs and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the basic data), showed that the “Guiana” genetic group is a major source of resistance to P.capsici. Strain Reg 2-6 proves to be particularly virulent, as the Scavina 6 control, an international reference for resistance to Phytophthora, is not resistant to it. However, 24 clones of the “Guiana” group are, and 92 have proved to be more resistant than Scavina 6, thereby showing the interest of the group in genetically controlling P.capsici.Thus, of the clones in the Guiana group that are more resistant to P.capsici than Scavina 6, some, which are also resistant to P.palmivora and/or Phytophthora megakarya, and also displaying some other notable qualities, could be incorporated into cocoa genetic improvement programmes in countries where P.capsici is rife on cacao trees. |
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CIRAD, UPR BSEF, BP 2572Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crptd; Correspondence Address: Lachenaud, P.; CIRAD, UPR 106, BP 701, France |
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565 |
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Baraloto, C.; Herault, B.; Paine, C.E.T.; Massot, H.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Molino, J.-F.; Nicolini, E.A.; Sabatier, D. |
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Contrasting taxonomic and functional responses of a tropical tree community to selective logging |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Journal of Applied Ecology |
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J. Appl. Ecol. |
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49 |
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4 |
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861-870 |
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Canopy gap dynamics; Disturbance; French Guiana; Functional diversity; Functional evenness; Functional traits; Light partitioning; Species richness; Tropical rain forest |
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1.Considerable debate surrounds the extent to which tropical forests can be managed for resource extraction while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem properties, which depend on functional composition. Here we evaluate the compatibility of these aims by examining the effects of logging on taxonomic and functional diversity and composition in a tropical forest. 2.Twenty years after selective logging, we inventoried 4140 stems regenerating in logging gaps and adjacent undisturbed areas, and we integrated a database of 13 functional traits describing leaf and wood economics of tropical trees. 3.We found no differences in taxonomic and functional richness among habitats, but logging gaps had significantly higher taxonomic and functional evenness. 4.Logging also effected striking, long-term changes in both species and functional composition. In particular, the xylem density of recruits in logging gaps was 6% less than in unlogged forests, leaves were 11% less tough and had 6-13% greater mineral nutrient concentrations. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that managers of tropical forests should limit overall surface area converted to logging gaps by creating fewer, larger gaps during selective logging, to reduce impacts on the taxonomic and functional composition of the regenerating stand. Our results suggest that managers of tropical forests should limit overall surface area converted to logging gaps by creating fewer, larger gaps during selective logging, to reduce impacts on the taxonomic and functional composition of the regenerating stand. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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CIRAD-ES, Research Unit 'Biens et Services des Ecosystémes Forestiers tropicaux', Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Caixa Postal, 48, Belem, Para – CEP 66095-100, Brazil |
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00218901 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Japea; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02164.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Baraloto, C.; INRA, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana; email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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410 |
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Niamké, F.B.; Amusant, N.; Kadio, A.A.; Thevenon, M.-F.; Nourissier, S.; Adima, A.A.; Jay-Allemand, C.; Chaix, G. |
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Rapid prediction of phenolic compounds as chemical markers for the natural durability of teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) heartwood by near infrared spectroscopy |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy |
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J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. |
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22 |
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1 |
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35-43 |
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Heartwood; Hplc; Natural durability; NIR spectroscopy; Phenolic; Prediction; Quinone; Tectona grandis |
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Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides rapid and non-destructive analysis of wood properties and composition. In this study, we aimed to use NIR measurement for the prediction of teak phenolic compounds, which are chemical markers for natural durability of wood. Twenty-seven teak trees from two geographical zones (Malaysia and Ivory Coast) were used. On ground heartwood samples, the content of total phenolics and individual quinones (tectoquinone, 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone, 2-anthraquinone carboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthoquinoneand 4c,5c-dihydroxy-epiisocatalponol) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Partial least squares (PLS) regression with NIR spectra on the same samples and phenolic data was used to build NIR models for phenolic contents. The PLS models for the total predicted phenolics and three quinone contents (tectoquinone, 2-(hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone, and 4¢,5¢-dihydroxy-epiisocatalponol) showed a good ratio of performance to deviation (RPD ≥ 2.5), strong coefficients of determination (r2 ≥ 0.8) and the prediction errors were consistent with the reference method. These results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy can be reliable for the evaluation of total phenolics and individual quinones in teak heartwood wood meal. NIR spectroscopy is a promising technique for rapidly providing information on the quinone contents in teak wood and indirectly for knowing its natural durability. This finding leads to a precise, non-destructive tool for teak wood quality evaluation. © IM Publications LLP 2014. |
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CIRAD-UMR AGAP, Department of Forest Science, ESALQ / University of São Paulo, Avenue Pàdua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil |
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N I R Publications |
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17516552 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 May 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Niamké, F.B.; LAPISEN, Groupe de Recherche en Chimie des Eaux et des Substances Naturelles, Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët Boigny, BP 1313, Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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542 |
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