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Author Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Buatois, B.; Bessière, J.-M.; Gibernau, M. url  openurl
  Title Geographical variations of odour and pollinators, and test for local adaptation by reciprocal transplant of two European Arum species Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Functional Ecology Abbreviated Journal Funct. Ecol.  
  Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 1367-1381  
  Keywords Deception; Diptera; Floral scent; Geographical mosaic; Psychodidae; Sapromyophily; Transplant experiment  
  Abstract Interactions between entomophilous plants and their pollinators are one of the major factors shaping the evolution of floral features. As species are distributed in more or less connected populations, they have evolved in a geographical mosaic of co-evolution were the outcome of the plant-pollinator interaction is likely to vary as a result of local adaptations. Arum italicum and Arum maculatum are two species of Araceae which deceive their fly pollinators by mimicking the odour of their oviposition sites. Whereas A. italicum is known to be pollinated by flies belonging to different families (i.e. opportunist), A. maculatum relies on only two pollinating species of the family Psychodidae throughout its European repartition area (i.e. specialist). The interannual and geographical variations of pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours were described in several populations of the two species over two consecutive years. Furthermore, local adaptation to pollinators was tested by transplanting inflorescence-bearing plants between two different sites and by recording the number and composition of the insect fauna trapped inside the inflorescences during anthesis as a measure of a fitness component. Pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours of the two Arum species varied in time and space, but there was no clear odour structure between populations. When transplanted, inflorescences of both species trapped the same composition and number of insects as native inflorescences at a given site; this indicates that pollinator composition is highly dependent on the local availability of insects. No pattern of local adaptation was found for these two species, but local pollination conditions were shown to strongly affect the degree of geographical variations of these interactions. The lack of a clear odour geographical structure might be due to high gene flow or to similar selective pressures exerted by pollinators, and the high interindividual odour variation may be linked to the deceptive strategy adopted by the two plant species. © 2013 British Ecological Society.  
  Address (up) Center for Functional and Evolutive Ecology, Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France  
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  ISSN 02698463 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 29 November 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecoe; doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12122; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests, CNRS-UMR 8172, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, 97379, France; email: marc.gibernau@ecofog.gf; References: Ackerman, J.D., Cuevas, A.A., Hof, D., Are deception-pollinated species more variable than those offering a reward? (2011) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 293, pp. 91-99; Ackerman, J.D., Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J., Salguero-Faria, J., Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1383-1390; Adams, R.P., (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, , 4th edn. 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Author Flores, O.; Herault, B.; Delcamp, M.; Garnier, É.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. pdf  url
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  Title Functional traits help predict post-disturbance demography of tropical trees Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal PLoS ONE  
  Volume 9 Issue 9 Pages e105022  
  Keywords  
  Abstract How tropical tree species respond to disturbance is a central issue of forest ecology, conservation and resource management. We define a hierarchical model to investigate how functional traits measured in control plots relate to the population change rate and to demographic rates for recruitment and mortality after disturbance by logging operations. Population change and demographic rates were quantified on a 12-year period after disturbance and related to seven functional traits measured in control plots. The model was calibrated using a Bayesian Network approach on 53 species surveyed in permanent forest plots (37.5 ha) at Paracou in French Guiana. The network analysis allowed us to highlight both direct and indirect relationships among predictive variables. Overall, 89% of interspecific variability in the population change rate after disturbance were explained by the two demographic rates, the recruitment rate being the most explicative variable. Three direct drivers explained 45% of the variability in recruitment rates, including leaf phosphorus concentration, with a positive effect, and seed size and wood density with negative effects. Mortality rates were explained by interspecific variability in maximum diameter only (25%). Wood density, leaf nitrogen concentration, maximum diameter and seed size were not explained by variables in the analysis and thus appear as independent drivers of post-disturbance demography. Relationships between functional traits and demographic parameters were consistent with results found in undisturbed forests. Functional traits measured in control conditions can thus help predict the fate of tropical tree species after disturbance. Indirect relationships also suggest how different processes interact to mediate species demographic response.  
  Address (up) Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, CNRS – UMR 5175Montpellier, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 19326203 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 October 2014; Coden: Polnc; Correspondence Address: Flores, O.; Cirad – Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, 7 chemin de l'IRAT, France Approved no  
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Author Barantal, S.; Schimann, H.; Fromin, N.; Hättenschwiler, S. url  openurl
  Title C, N and P fertilization in an Amazonian rainforest supports stoichiometric dissimilarity as a driver of litter diversity effects on decomposition Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society  
  Volume 281 Issue 1796 Pages 20141682  
  Keywords litter diversity; neotropical forest; nutrient addition; soil fauna; stoichiometry; trait dissimilarity  
  Abstract Plant leaf litter generally decomposes faster as a group of different species than when individual species decompose alone, but underlying mechanisms of these diversity effects remain poorly understood. Because resource C : N : P stoichiometry (i.e. the ratios of these key elements) exhibits strong control on consumers, we supposed that stoichiometric dissimilarity of litter mixtures (i.e. the divergence in C : N : P ratios among species) improves resource complementarity to decomposers leading to faster mixture decomposition. We tested this hypothesis with: (i) a wide range of leaf litter mixtures of neotropical tree species varying in C : N : P dissimilarity, and (ii) a nutrient addition experiment (C, N and P) to create stoichiometric similarity. Litter mixtures decomposed in the field using two different types of litterbags allowing or preventing access to soil fauna. Litter mixture mass loss was higher than expected from species decomposing singly, especially in presence of soil fauna. With fauna, synergistic litter mixture effects increased with increasing stoichiometric dissimilarity of litter mixtures and this positive relationship disappeared with fertilizer addition. Our results indicate that litter stoichiometric dissimilarity drives mixture effects via the nutritional requirements of soil fauna. Incorporating ecological stoichiometry in biodiversity research allows refinement of the underlying mechanisms of how changing biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.  
  Address (up) Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE), 1919 Route de MENDE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 24 July 2015 Approved no  
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Author Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Rougerie, R.; Decaëns, T.; Herault, B.; Bénéluz, F. doi  openurl
  Title Stay Out (Almost) All Night: Contrasting Responses in Flight Activity Among Tropical Moth Assemblages Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Neotropical Entomology Abbreviated Journal Neotropical Entomology  
  Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 109-115  
  Keywords Behavior; diel activity; light trap; monitoring; moth; tropical forest  
  Abstract Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity. © 2015, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil.  
  Address (up) Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRSMontpellier Cedex 5, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Notes Export Date: 9 April 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 592  
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Author Hudson, L.N.; Newbold, T.; Contu, S.; Hill, S.L.L.; Lysenko, I.; De Palma, A.; Phillips, H.R.P.; Senior, R.A.; Bennett, D.J.; Booth, H.; Choimes, A.; Correia, D.L.P.; Day, J.; Echeverría-Londoño, S.; Garon, M.; Harrison, M.L.K.; Ingram, D.J.; Jung, M.; Kemp, V.; Kirkpatrick, L.; Martin, C.D.; Pan, Y.; White, H.J.; Aben, J.; Abrahamczyk, S.; Adum, G.B.; Aguilar-Barquero, V.; Aizen, M.A.; Ancrenaz, M.; Arbeláez-Cortés, E.; Armbrecht, I.; Azhar, B.; Azpiroz, A.B.; Baeten, L.; Báldi, A.; Banks, J.E.; Barlow, J.; Batáry, P.; Bates, A.J.; Bayne, E.M.; Beja, P.; Berg, A.; Berry, N.J.; Bicknell, J.E.; Bihn, J.H.; Böhning-Gaese, K.; Boekhout, T.; Boutin, C.; Bouyer, J.; Brearley, F.Q.; Brito, I.; Brunet, J.; Buczkowski, G.; Buscardo, E.; Cabra-García, J.; Calviño-Cancela, M.; Cameron, S.A.; Cancello, E.M.; Carrijo, T.F.; Carvalho, A.L.; Castro, H.; Castro-Luna, A.A.; Cerda, R.; Cerezo, A.; Chauvat, M.; Clarke, F.M.; Cleary, D.F.R.; Connop, S.P.; D'Aniello, B.; da Silva, P.G.; Darvill, B.; Dauber, J.; Dejean, A.; Diekötter, T.; Dominguez-Haydar, Y.; Dormann, C.F.; Dumont, B.; Dures, S.G.; Dynesius, M.; Edenius, L.; Elek, Z.; Entling, M.H.; Farwig, N.; Fayle, T.M.; Felicioli, A.; Felton, A.M.; Ficetola, G.F.; Filgueiras, B.K.C.; Fonte, S.J.; Fraser, L.H.; Fukuda, D.; Furlani, D.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Garden, J.G.; Gheler-Costa, C.; Giordani, P.; Giordano, S.; Gottschalk, M.S.; Goulson, D.; Gove, A.D.; Grogan, J.; Hanley, M.E.; Hanson, T.; Hashim, N.R.; Hawes, J.E.; Hébert, C.; Helden, A.J.; Henden, J.-A.; Hernández, L.; Herzog, F.; Higuera-Diaz, D.; Hilje, B.; Horgan, F.G.; Horváth, R.; Hylander, K.; Isaacs-Cubides, P.; Ishitani, M.; Jacobs, C.T.; Jaramillo, V.J.; Jauker, B.; Jonsell, M.; Jung, T.S.; Kapoor, V.; Kati, V.; Katovai, E.; Kessler, M.; Knop, E.; Kolb, A.; Korösi, Á.; Lachat, T.; Lantschner, V.; Le Féon, V.; Lebuhn, G.; Légaré, J.-P.; Letcher, S.G.; Littlewood, N.A.; López-Quintero, C.A.; Louhaichi, M.; Lövei, G.L.; Lucas-Borja, M.E.; Luja, V.H.; Maeto, K.; Magura, T.; Mallari, N.A.; Marin-Spiotta, E.; Marshall, E.J.P.; Martínez, E.; Mayfield, M.M.; Mikusinski, G.; Milder, J.C.; Miller, J.R.; Morales, C.L.; Muchane, M.N.; Muchane, M.; Naidoo, R.; Nakamura, A.; Naoe, S.; Nates-Parra, G.; Navarrete Gutierrez, D.A.; Neuschulz, E.L.; Noreika, N.; Norfolk, O.; Noriega, J.A.; Nöske, N.M.; O'Dea, N.; Oduro, W.; Ofori-Boateng, C.; Oke, C.O.; Osgathorpe, L.M.; Paritsis, J.; Parra-H, A.; Pelegrin, N.; Peres, C.A.; Persson, A.S.; Petanidou, T.; Phalan, B.; Philips, T.K.; Poveda, K.; Power, E.F.; Presley, S.J.; Proença, V.; Quaranta, M.; Quintero, C.; Redpath-Downing, N.A.; Reid, J.L.; Reis, Y.T.; Ribeiro, D.B.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Robles, C.A.; Römbke, J.; Romero-Duque, L.P.; Rosselli, L.; Rossiter, S.J.; Roulston, T.H.; Rousseau, L.; Sadler, J.P.; Sáfián, S.; Saldaña-Vázquez, R.A.; Samnegård, U.; Schüepp, C.; Schweiger, O.; Sedlock, J.L.; Shahabuddin, G.; Sheil, D.; Silva, F.A.B.; Slade, E.M.; Smith-Pardo, A.H.; Sodhi, N.S.; Somarriba, E.J.; Sosa, R.A.; Stout, J.C.; Struebig, M.J.; Sung, Y.-H.; Threlfall, C.G.; Tonietto, R.; Tóthmérész, B.; Tscharntke, T.; Turner, E.C.; Tylianakis, J.M.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Vassilev, K.; Verboven, H.A.F.; Vergara, C.H.; Vergara, P.M.; Verhulst, J.; Walker, T.R.; Wang, Y.; Watling, J.I.; Wells, K.; Williams, C.D.; Willig, M.R.; Woinarski, J.C.Z.; Wolf, J.H.D.; Woodcock, B.A.; Yu, D.W.; Zaitsev, A.S.; Collen, B.; Ewers, R.M.; Mace, G.M.; Purves, D.W.; Scharlemann, J.P.W.; Purvis, A. url  openurl
  Title The PREDICTS database: A global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 4 Issue 24 Pages 4701-4735  
  Keywords Data sharing; Global change; Habitat destruction; Land use  
  Abstract Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015. The collation of biodiversity datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents is necessary to understand historical declines and to project – and hopefully avert – future declines. We describe a newly collated database of more than 1.6 million biodiversity measurements from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world.  
  Address (up) Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower StreetLondon, United Kingdom  
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  Notes Export Date: 6 January 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 577  
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Author Baraloto, C.; Molto, Q.; Rabaud, S.; Herault, B.; Valencia, R.; Blanc, L.; Fine, P.V.A.; Thompson, J. url  openurl
  Title Rapid simultaneous estimation of aboveground biomass and tree diversity across neotropical forests: A comparison of field inventory methods Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 288-298  
  Keywords Biodiversity assessment; carbon stocks; Monitoring; Permanent plot; Survey; Tropical rain forest  
  Abstract A standardized rapid inventory method providing information on both tree species diversity and aboveground carbon stocks in tropical forests will be an important tool for evaluating efforts to conserve biodiversity and to estimate the carbon emissions that result from deforestation and degradation (REDD). Herein, we contrast five common plot methods differing in shape, size, and effort requirements to estimate tree diversity and aboveground tree biomass (AGB). We simulated the methods across six Neotropical forest sites that represent a broad gradient in forest structure, tree species richness, and floristic composition, and we assessed the relative performance of methods by evaluating the bias and precision of their estimates of AGB and tree diversity. For a given sample of forest area, a 'several small' (< 1 ha) sampling strategy led to a smaller coefficient of variation (CV) in the estimate of AGB than a 'few large' one. The effort (person-days) required to achieve an accurate AGB estimate (< 10% CV), however, was greater for the smallest plots (0.1 ha) than for a compromise approach using 0.5 ha modified Gentry plots, which proved to be the most efficient method to estimate AGB across all forest types. Gentry plots were also the most efficient at providing accurate estimates of tree diversity (< 10% CV of Hill number). We recommend the use of the 0.5 ha modified Gentry plot method in future rapid inventories, and we discuss a set of criteria that should inform any choice of inventory method. © 2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address (up) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom  
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  ISSN 00063606 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 May 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Btroa; :doi 10.1111/btp.12006; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Baraloto, C.; INRA, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', 97387, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana; email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 485  
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Author Feldpausch, T.R.; Phillips, O.L.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Gloor, E.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Alarcón, A.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C., G.A.; Baker, T.R.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Castro, W.; Chama, V.; Chave, J.; Domingues, T.F.; Fauset, S.; Groot, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.; Laurance, S.; Laurance, W.F.; Lewis, S.L.; Licona, J.C.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza Bautista, C.; Neill, D.A.; Oliveira, E.A.; Oliveira dos Santos, C.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Rudas, A.; Saiz, G.; Salomão, R.P.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; ter Steege, H.; Stropp, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; van der Heijden, G.M.F.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A. url  doi
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  Title Amazon forest response to repeated droughts Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Global Biogeochemical Cycles Abbreviated Journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles  
  Volume 30 Issue 7 Pages 964-982  
  Keywords carbon; forest productivity; precipitation; tree mortality; vegetation dynamics; water deficit  
  Abstract The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: −0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19, n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p < 0.01). The resulting net impact of the 2010 drought (i.e., reversal of the baseline net sink) was −1.95 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI:−2.77, −1.18; p < 0.001). This net biomass impact was driven by an increase in biomass mortality (1.45 Mg ha−1 yr−1 CI: 0.66, 2.25, p < 0.001) and a decline in biomass productivity (−0.50 Mg ha−1 yr−1, CI:−0.78, −0.31; p < 0.001). Surprisingly, the magnitude of the losses through tree mortality was unrelated to estimated local precipitation anomalies and was independent of estimated local pre-2010 drought history. Thus, there was no evidence that pre-2010 droughts compounded the effects of the 2010 drought. We detected a systematic basin-wide impact of the 2010 drought on tree growth rates across Amazonia, which was related to the strength of the moisture deficit. This impact differed from the drought event in 2005 which did not affect productivity. Based on these ground data, live biomass in trees and corresponding estimates of live biomass in lianas and roots, we estimate that intact forests in Amazonia were carbon neutral in 2010 (−0.07 Pg C yr−1 CI:−0.42, 0.23), consistent with results from an independent analysis of airborne estimates of land-atmospheric fluxes during 2010. Relative to the long-term mean, the 2010 drought resulted in a reduction in biomass carbon uptake of 1.1 Pg C, compared to 1.6 Pg C for the 2005 event. ©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.  
  Address (up) Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado Norte Amazónico, Riberalta, Bolivia  
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  Notes Export Date: 1 September 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 690  
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Author Brienen, R.J.W.; Phillips, O.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Gloor, E.; Baker, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Lewis, S.L.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragaõ, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C., G.A.; Bánki, O.S.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Castilho, C.V.; Chama, V.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.A.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Da Costa, L.; De Oliveira, E.A.; Di Fiore, A.; Erwin, T.L.; Fauset, S.; Forsthofer, M.; Galbraith, D.R.; Grahame, E.S.; Groot, N.; Herault, B.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Licona, J.; Magnussen, W.E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Neill, D.A.; Nogueira, E.M.; Núñez, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada, A.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Peacock, J.; Penã-Claros, M.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Poorter, L.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Restrepo, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomaõ, R.P.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, N.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Talbot, J.; Ter Steege, H.; Teran-Aguilar, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Toledo, M.; Torello-Raventos, M.; Umetsu, R.K.; Van Der Heijden, G.M.F.; Van Der Hout, P.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Zagt, R.J. url  openurl
  Title Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 519 Issue 7543 Pages 344-348  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models. © 2015 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited.  
  Address (up) Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra Nu 362Riberalta, Bolivia  
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  Notes Export Date: 1 April 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 591  
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Author Csilléry, K.; Lalague, H.; Vendramin, G.G.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Fady, B.; Oddou-Muratorio, S. url  openurl
  Title Detecting short spatial scale local adaptation and epistatic selection in climate-related candidate genes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) populations Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Molecular Ecology  
  Volume 23 Issue 19 Pages 4696-4708  
  Keywords abiotic stress; budburst phenology; FST outlier; gene network; haplotype; Ohta's test; variance components of linkage disequilibrium  
  Abstract Detecting signatures of selection in tree populations threatened by climate change is currently a major research priority. Here, we investigated the signature of local adaptation over a short spatial scale using 96 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) individuals originating from two pairs of populations on the northern and southern slopes of Mont Ventoux (south-eastern France). We performed both single and multilocus analysis of selection based on 53 climate-related candidate genes containing 546 SNPs. FST outlier methods at the SNP level revealed a weak signal of selection, with three marginally significant outliers in the northern populations. At the gene level, considering haplotypes as alleles, two additional marginally significant outliers were detected, one on each slope. To account for the uncertainty of haplotype inference, we averaged the Bayes factors over many possible phase reconstructions. Epistatic selection offers a realistic multilocus model of selection in natural populations. Here, we used a test suggested by Ohta based on the decomposition of the variance of linkage disequilibrium. Overall populations, 0.23% of the SNP pairs (haplotypes) showed evidence of epistatic selection, with nearly 80% of them being within genes. One of the between gene epistatic selection signals arose between an FST outlier and a nonsynonymous mutation in a drought response gene. Additionally, we identified haplotypes containing selectively advantageous allele combinations which were unique to high or low elevations and northern or southern populations. Several haplotypes contained nonsynonymous mutations situated in genes with known functional importance for adaptation to climatic factors.  
  Address (up) CIFOR-INIA, Forest Research Centre, Carretera de La Coruña km 7.5Madrid 28040, Spain  
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  Notes Export Date: 13 January 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 579  
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Author Clair, B.; Fournier, M.; Prevost, M.F.; Beauchene, J.; Bardet, S. openurl 
  Title Biomechanics of buttressed trees: Bending strains and stresses Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication American Journal of Botany Abbreviated Journal Am. J. Bot.  
  Volume 90 Issue 9 Pages 1349-1356  
  Keywords biomechanics; buttress; Eleaocarpaceae; French Guiana; Sloanea spp.; tropical trees; wood  
  Abstract The different hypotheses about buttress function and formation mainly involve mechanical theory. Forces were applied to two trees of Sloanea spp.. a tropical genus that develops typical thin buttresses. and the three-dimensional strains were measured at different parts of the trunk base. Risks of failure were greater on the buttress sides, where shear and tangential stresses are greater, not on the ridges. in spite of high longitudinal (parallel to the grain) stresses. A simple beam model, computed from the second moment of area of digitized cross sections, is consistent with longitudinal strain variations but cannot predict accurately variations with height. Patterns of longitudinal strain variation along ridges are very different in the two individuals, owing to a pronounced lateral curvature in one specimen. The constant stress hypothesis is discussed based on these results. Without chronological data during the development of the tree. it cannot be proved that buttress formation is activated by stress or strain.  
  Address (up) CIRAD ENGREF INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9122 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISI:000185459000010 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 244  
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