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van Gorsel, E.; Delpierre, N.; Leuning, R.; Black, A.; Munger, J.W.; Wofsy, S.; Aubinet, M.; Feigenwinter, C.; Beringer, J.; Bonal, D.; Chen, B.Z.; Chen, J.Q.; Clement, R.; Davis, K.J.; Desai, A.R.; Dragoni, D.; Etzold, S.; Grunwald, T.; Gu, L.H.; Heinesch, B.; Hutyra, L.R.; Jans, W.W.P.; Kutsch, W.; Law, B.E.; Leclerc, M.Y.; Mammarella, I.; Montagnani, L.; Noormets, A.; Rebmann, C.; Wharton, S. |
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Title |
Estimating nocturnal ecosystem respiration from the vertical turbulent flux and change in storage of CO2 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agric. For. Meteorol. |
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Volume |
149 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1919-1930 |
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Keywords |
Ecosystem respiration; Micrometeorology; Advection; u-star correction; Eddy covariance; Chamber; Process-based modelling |
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Abstract |
Micrometeorological measurements of night time ecosystem respiration can be systematically biased when stable atmospheric conditions lead to drainage flows associated with decoupling of air flow above and within plant canopies. The associated horizontal and vertical advective fluxes cannot be measured using instrumentation on the single towers typically used at micrometeorological sites. A common approach to minimize bias is to use a threshold in friction velocity, u*, to exclude periods when advection is assumed to be important, but this is problematic in situations when in-canopy flows are decoupled from the flow above. Using data from 25 flux stations in a wide variety of forest ecosystems globally, we examine the generality of a novel approach to estimating nocturnal respiration developed by van Gorsel et al. (van Gorsel, E., Leuning, R., Cleugh, H.A., Keith, H., Suni, T., 2007. Nocturnal carbon efflux: reconciliation of eddy covariance and chamber measurements using an alternative to the u*-threshold filtering technique. Tellus 59B, 397-403, Tellus, 59B, 307-403). The approach is based on the assumption that advection is small relative to the vertical turbulent flux (F-C) and change in storage (F-S) of CO2 in the few hours after sundown. The sum of F-C and F-S reach a maximum during this period which is used to derive a temperature response function for ecosystem respiration. Measured hourly soil temperatures are then used with this function to estimate respiration R-Rmax. The new approach yielded excellent agreement with (1) independent measurements using respiration chambers, (2) with estimates using ecosystem light-response curves of F-c + F-s extrapolated to zero light, R-LRC, and (3) with a detailed process-based forest ecosystem model, R-cast. At most sites respiration rates estimated using the u*-filter, R-ust, were smaller than R-Rmax, and R-LRC. Agreement of our approach with independent measurements indicates that R-Rmax, provides an excellent estimate of nighttime ecosystem respiration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address  |
[van Gorsel, Eva; Leuning, Ray] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT 2061, Australia, Email: Eva.vangorsel@csiro.au |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0168-1923 |
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ISI:000270640300013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
102 |
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Author |
Tremolieres, M.; Noel, V.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Phosphorus and nitrogen allocation in Allium ursinum on an alluvial floodplain (Eastern France). Is there an effect of flooding history? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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Volume |
324 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
279-289 |
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Keywords |
Allium ursinum; Flooding history; Nitrogen; Nutrient bioavailability; Phosphorus; Rhine |
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Abstract |
The change in phosphorus and nitrogen content in a common geophyte spring species, Allium ursinum, is studied in alluvial forests in relation to three flooding histories related to river regulation: (1) annually flooded, (2) unflooded for 30 years, and (3) unflooded for 200 years. Flood suppression leads to a reduction of available P soil content as well as decreasing the biomass and the amount of phosphorus in plants, but has no significant effect on N plant content. Plant N:P ratio increases with the suppression of floods and is primarily driven by soil N:P ratios, in turn markedly linked to the total nitrogen in the soil. We highlighted a lower nutrient accumulation in leaves during plant growth in unflooded forests. Overall, our results suggest that P was the main limiting factor in unflooded forests while nitrogen was the main limiting factor in annually flooded forests. Flood suppression strongly affects the morphology and nutrient uptake by Allium ursinum and thus nutrient cycling in riverine forests. |
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[Tremolieres, Michele; Noel, Valerie] Inst Bot, LHYGES, UMR 7517, F-67083 Strasbourg, France, Email: michele.tremolieres@bota-ulp.u-strasbg.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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ISSN |
0032-079X |
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ISI:000271028800020 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
99 |
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Author |
Tindo, M.; Kenne, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Advantages of multiple foundress colonies in Belonogaster juncea juncea L.: greater survival and increased productivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
293-297 |
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Keywords |
colony development; evolution of eusociality; fitness; Polistinae; productivity |
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Abstract |
1. The ecological hypothesis predicts that multiple foundress colonies of social wasps may have a better survival rate and produce more brood per capita than single foundress colonies. With the aim of verifying if these characteristics exist in the primitively eusocial wasp species Belonogaster juncea juncea (L.), we monitored 49 foundations, including 13 single and 36 multiple foundress colonies, in Cameroon. 2. Multiple foundress colonies were significantly more successful than single foundress colonies in producing at least one adult. 3. The total productivity of the colonies increased significantly with the number of associated foundresses, but the productivity per capita did not. No single foundress colony reached the sexual phase, while eight (21.6%) multiple foundress colonies did. Males were produced in only five colonies, so that the sex ratio was biased in favour of females. 4. These results suggest that because of the strong ecological constraints on solitary nesting, survival and high colony productivity are two advantages of multiple foundress colonies in B. j. juncea. 5. The decreasing per capita productivity concomitant with an increasing number of females noted in this study illustrates once again Michener's paradox. The coefficient of variance of the per capita productivity significantly decreased with group size, as Wenzel and Pickering suggested in the model they created to explain the paradox. 6. Ecological factors may act in conjunction with other factors, such as genetic relatedness between associated foundresses, to promote joining behaviour in B. j. juncea. |
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[Tindo, Maurice; Kenne, Martin] Univ Douala, Fac Sci, BP Douala, Cameroon, Email: jtindo2000@yahoo.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0307-6946 |
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Notes |
ISI:000253710000017 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
142 |
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Author |
Strasburg, J.L.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Lai, Z.; Rieseberg, L.H. |
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Title |
Genomic Patterns of Adaptive Divergence between Chromosomally Differentiated Sunflower Species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Biol. Evol. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1341-1355 |
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Keywords |
species boundaries; chromosomal rearrangements; positive selection; hybridization; sunflowers; Helianthus |
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Abstract |
Understanding the genetic mechanisms of speciation and basis of species differences is among the most important challenges in evolutionary biology. Two questions of particular interest are what roles divergent selection and chromosomal differentiation play in these processes. A number of recently proposed theories argue that chromosomal rearrangements can facilitate the development and maintenance of reproductive isolation and species differences by suppressing recombination within rearranged regions. Reduced recombination permits the accumulation of alleles contributing to isolation and adaptive differentiation and protects existing differences from the homogenizing effects of introgression between incipient species. Here, we examine patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in rearranged versus collinear regions in two widespread, extensively hybridizing sunflower species, Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris, using sequence data from 77 loci distributed throughout the genomes of the two species. We find weak evidence for increased genetic divergence near chromosomal break points but not within rearranged regions overall. We find no evidence for increased rates of adaptive divergence on rearranged chromosomes; in fact, collinear chromosomes show a far greater excess of fixed amino acid differences between the two species. A comparison with a third sunflower species indicates that much of the nonsynonymous divergence between H. annuus and H. petiolaris probably occurred during or soon after their formation. Our results suggest a limited role for chromosomal rearrangements in genetic divergence, but they do document substantial adaptive divergence and provide further evidence of how species integrity and genetic identity can be maintained at many loci in the face of extensive hybridization and gene flow. |
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Address |
[Strasburg, Jared L.; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Rieseberg, Loren H.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: jstrasbu@indiana.edu |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0737-4038 |
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Notes |
ISI:000266116500012 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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111 |
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Author |
Houel, E.; Bertani, S.; Bourdy, G.; Deharo, E.; Jullian, V.; Valentin, A.; Chevalley, S.; Stien, D. |
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Title |
Quassinoid constituents of Quassia amara L. leaf herbal tea. Impact on its antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
114-118 |
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Keywords |
Quassia amara L.; Simaroubaceae; Leaf tea; Antimalarial activity; Cytotoxicity; Simalikalactone D |
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Abstract |
Aim of the study: Our objective was to assess whether it could be contemplated to recommend Quassia amara young leaf tea for treatment against malaria. and if yes. set up a standard protocol for preparing the herbal tea. Materials and methods: The leaf tea was extracted with methylene chloride and the organic extract was fractionated with HPLC. Pure compounds were characterized and their in vitro cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activity was determined. Results and discussion: We discovered that antimalarial Quassia amara young leaf tea contains several quassinoids: simalikalactone D (SkD. 1), picrasin B (2). picrasin H (3), neoquassin (4), quassin (5), picrasin 1(6) and picrasin J (7). These last two compounds are new. In addition. our experiments demonstrate that both biological activity and cytotoxicity of the remedy may be attributed solely to the presence of SkD. Conclusion: In conclusion, this preparation Should not be recommended for treatment of malaria until a clinical Study in humans is performed with SkD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved |
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Address |
[Stien, Didier] Univ Antilles Guyane, CNRS, UMR Ecofog, Inst Enseignement Super Guyane, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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ISSN |
0378-8741 |
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Notes |
ISI:000271790800015 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
94 |
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Author |
Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Bompy, F.; Jolin, Z.B.; Sermage, J.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Seasonal variation in atmospheric relative humidity contributes to explaining seasonal variation in trunk circumference of tropical rain-forest trees in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
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Pages |
393-405 |
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Keywords |
bark; drought; secondary growth; seasonality; tropical rain forest; water |
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Abstract |
Large seasonal variation in the rate of change in girth of tropical rain-forest tree species has been described, but its origin is still under debate. We tested whether this variation might be related to variation in atmospheric relative humidity through its influence on bark water content and thickness. Variation in trunk circumference of 182 adult trees was measured about twice a month in an undisturbed tropical rain forest over 18 mo using dendrometers. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment was conducted to test the direct influence of relative air humidity on bark water content and thickness. in the field, most trees displayed highly positive rates of change in girth at the onset of the wet season, while a quarter of the trees displayed negative changes during long dry seasons, whatever their total annual growth. This variation was correlated with environmental conditions, particularly with atmospheric relative humidity. Trees with high bark water content and thickness displayed a stronger decrease in girth during the dry season. in the chamber experiment, desiccation induced a decrease in the diameter of the trunk sections in tandem with a decrease in bark water content. As a result, seasonal variation in the rate of change in girth of tropical rain-forest trees reflects variation in trunk biophysical properties, through the influence of relative humidity on bark properties. but not directly variation in secondary growth. |
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Address |
[Stahl, Clement; Burban, Benoit; Bompy, Felix; Jolin, Zachari B.; Sermage, Juliette; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane 745, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000279100600005 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
57 |
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Author |
Bourguignon, T.; Sobotnik, J.; Lepoint, G.; Martin, J.M.; Hardy, O.J.; Dejean, A.; Roisin, Y. |
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Title |
Feeding ecology and phylogenetic structure of a complex neotropical termite assemblage, revealed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
261-269 |
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Keywords |
Diet diversity; feeding groups; Isoptera; phylogenetic autocorrelation |
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Abstract |
2. Nitrogen stable isotopes (hereafter delta 15N) were used to place termites from French Guiana rainforests along a wood-soil decomposition gradient, to test (i) whether feeding group assignation based on morphological characters was accurate and actually represented diet specialisation thresholds, and (ii) to what extent the dietary specialization of species is explained by phylogeny (phylogenetic autocorrelation). 3. delta 15N values vary over a range of 13 parts per thousand, suggesting that diet diversification contributes to the high species diversity in French Guiana. delta 15N values span a similar interval in all Termitidae subfamilies. Ranges of different subfamilies broadly overlap, although each of them diversified preferentially on one side of the wood-soil decomposition gradient. Congeneric species share similar feeding habits, whereas distant species tend to feed on distinct substrates. 4. Feeding groups did not completely match stable isotope data: there was no discontinuity between Groups III and IV, and no correlation between anatomical criteria used to distinguish these groups and delta 15N values. Nor was there any consistent difference in delta 15N values between wood feeders of the families Rhinotermitidae (Group I) and Termitidae (Group II). We also suggest that species feeding outside the wood-soil gradient should be distinguished for their peculiar feeding requirements. |
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[Sobotnik, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Res Team Infochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Email: sobotnik@uochb.cas.cz |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6946 |
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Notes |
ISI:000288456300016 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
302 |
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Author |
Sobotnik, J.; Sillam-Dusses, D.; Weyda, F.; Dejean, A.; Roisin, Y.; Hanus, R.; Bourguignon, T. |
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Title |
The frontal gland in workers of Neotropical soldierless termites |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
495-503 |
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Keywords |
Frontal gland; Workers; Soldierless termites; Apicotermitinae; Anoplotermes; Aparatermes |
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Abstract |
The presence of the frontal gland is well established in termite soldiers of Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, and Termitidae. It is one of their main defensive adaptations or even an exclusive weapon. The gland was also occasionally reported in alate imagoes, but never in the worker caste. Here, we report the first observation of a frontal gland in workers of several Neotropical and one African species of Apicotermitinae. The ultrastructure of Aparatermes cingulatus and Anoplotermes nr. subterraneus is described in detail. In these two species, the gland is well-developed, functional and consists of class 1 secretory cells. The presence of envelope cells, wrapping the gland, is an unusual feature, as well as the presence of several zonulae adherens, connecting neighbouring glandular cells. The frontal gland of workers is homologous to this organ in soldiers and imagoes, as evidenced by the same position in the head and its connection to the same muscle. However, the defensive role of the frontal gland in workers remains to be confirmed. |
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Address |
[Sobotnik, Jan; Sillam-Dusses, David; Hanus, Robert] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Res Team Infochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Email: robert@uochb.cas.cz |
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SPRINGER |
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0028-1042 |
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Notes |
ISI:000277318800007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
285 |
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Author |
Siebicke, L.; Steinfeld, G.; Foken, T. |
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Title |
CO2-gradient measurements using a parallel multi-analyzer setup |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atmos. Meas. Tech. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
409-423 |
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Abstract |
Accurate CO2 concentration gradient measurements are needed for the computation of advective flux terms, which are part of the full Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) budget equation. A typical draw back of current gradient measurement designs in advection research is the inadequate sampling of complex flow phenomena using too few observation points in space and time. To overcome this draw back, a new measurement design is presented which allows the parallel measurement of several sampling points at a high frequency. Due to the multi-analyzer nature of the design, inter-instrument bias becomes more of a concern compared to conventional setups. Therefore a statistical approach is presented which allows for accurate observations of concentration gradients, which are typically small in relation to analyzer accuracy, to be obtained. This bias correction approach applies a conditional, time dependent signal correction. The correction depends on a mixing index based on cross correlation analysis, which characterizes the degree of mixing of the atmosphere between individual sample points. The approach assumes statistical properties of probability density functions (pdf) of concentration differences between a sample point and the field average which are common to the pdf's from several sample points. The applicability of the assumptions made was tested by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) using the model PALM and could be verified for a test case of well mixed conditions. The study presents concentration time series before and after correction, measured at a 2 m height in the sub-canopy at the FLUXNET spruce forest site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen (DE-Bay), analyzes the dependence of statistical parameters of pdf's from atmospheric parameters such as stratification, quantifies the errors and evaluates the performance of the bias correction approach. The improvements that are achieved by applying the bias correction approach are one order of magnitude larger than possible errors associated with it, which is a strong incentive to use the correction approach. In conclusion, the presented bias correction approach is well suited for – but not limited to – horizontal gradient measurements in a multi-analyzer setup, which would not have been reliable without this approach. Finally, possible future improvements of the bias correction approach are outlined and further fields of application indicated. |
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Address |
[Siebicke, L.; Foken, T.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, Bayreuth, Germany, Email: lukas.siebicke@ecofog.gf |
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Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh |
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ISSN |
1867-1381 |
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Notes |
ISI:000288911000002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
303 |
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Author |
Seymour, R.S.; White, C.R.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Endothermy of dynastine scarab beetles (Cyclocephala colasi) associated with pollination biology of a thermogenic arum lily (Philodendron solimoesense) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Biol. |
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Volume |
212 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
2960-2968 |
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Keywords |
beetle; endothermy; pollination biology; Cyclocephala; Philodendron |
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Abstract |
Cyclocephala colasi beetles are facultative endotherms that spend most of their adult lives inside the inflorescences of Philodendron solimoesense, where ambient temperature (T-a) averages about 28 degrees C due to floral thermogenesis. Measurements of respiration within a range of T-a showed that active beetles became spontaneously endothermic at T-a below 28 degrees C but were rarely endothermic above it. There was no evidence of endothermy within the inflorescences, indicating that activities in the floral chamber can occur without the high energy expense of endothermy. Bouts of endothermy occurred at lower T-a in respirometer chambers mainly in the evening, when the insects normally fly from one inflorescence to another, and during the night, when they normally eat and mate within the inflorescence. Patterns of endothermy in individual episodes were studied in non-flying beetles with respirometry and infrared thermal imaging. Heat was generated in the thorax by oscillatory waves of respiration that were coupled with thoracic temperature (T-th) increases. Stationary beetles could regulate T-th at about 33 degrees C independently of T-a between 16 and 29 degrees C. At T-a=20 degrees C, this represents a 116-fold increase in metabolic rate over resting, ectothermic values. Endothermy was clearly a requirement for flight, and beetles departing inflorescences warmed to about 30 degrees C before take-off. During flight, T-th was dependent on T-a, decreasing from 37 to 28 degrees C at T-a of 37 to 20 degrees C, respectively. The lowest T-a at which flight could occur was about 20 degrees C. Thermal conductance of stationary, endothermic beetles increased at higher metabolic rates, probably because of increased ventilatory heat loss. |
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Address |
[Seymour, Roger S.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia, Email: roger.seymour@adelaide.edu.au |
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Publisher |
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD |
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ISSN |
0022-0949 |
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Notes |
ISI:000269383500014 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
198 |
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