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Levionnois, S.; Ziegler, C.; Jansen, S.; Calvet, E.; Coste, S.; Stahl, C.; Salmon, C.; Delzon, S.; Guichard, C.; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
Vulnerability and hydraulic segmentations at the stem–leaf transition: coordination across Neotropical trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
228 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
512-524 |
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drought-induced embolism resistance; hydraulic segmentation; leaf-specific conductivity; stem–leaf transition; tropical trees; vulnerability segmentation; air bubble; hydraulic conductivity; leaf; Neotropical Region; rainforest; tropical forest; vulnerability; xylem |
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Hydraulic segmentation at the stem–leaf transition predicts higher hydraulic resistance in leaves than in stems. Vulnerability segmentation, however, predicts lower embolism resistance in leaves. Both mechanisms should theoretically favour runaway embolism in leaves to preserve expensive organs such as stems, and should be tested for any potential coordination. We investigated the theoretical leaf-specific conductivity based on an anatomical approach to quantify the degree of hydraulic segmentation across 21 tropical rainforest tree species. Xylem resistance to embolism in stems (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualization method) was quantified to assess vulnerability segmentation. We found a pervasive hydraulic segmentation across species, but with a strong variability in the degree of segmentation. Despite a clear continuum in the degree of vulnerability segmentation, eight species showed a positive vulnerability segmentation (leaves less resistant to embolism than stems), whereas the remaining species studied exhibited a negative or no vulnerability segmentation. The degree of vulnerability segmentation was positively related to the degree of hydraulic segmentation, such that segmented species promote both mechanisms to hydraulically decouple leaf xylem from stem xylem. To what extent hydraulic and vulnerability segmentation determine drought resistance requires further integration of the leaf–stem transition at the whole-plant level, including both xylem and outer xylem tissue. © 2020 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust |
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Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, F-33615, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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952 |
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Ciminera, M.; Auger-Rozenberg, M.-A.; Caron, H.; Herrera, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Tysklind, N.; Roques, A. |
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Genetic Variation and Differentiation of Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Moths of Public Health Importance in French Guiana and in Venezuela |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Journal of medical entomology |
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J. Med. Entomol. |
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56 |
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1 |
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137-148 |
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Hylesia moths impact human health in South America, inducing epidemic outbreaks of lepidopterism, a puriginous dermatitis caused by the urticating properties of females' abdominal setae. The classification of the Hylesia genus is complex, owing to its high diversity in Amazonia, high intraspecific morphological variance, and lack of interspecific diagnostic traits which may hide cryptic species. Outbreaks of Hylesia metabus have been considered responsible for the intense outbreaks of lepidopterism in Venezuela and French Guiana since the C20, however, little is known about genetic variability throughout the species range, which is instrumental for establishing control strategies on H. metabus. Seven microsatellites and mitochondrial gene markers were analyzed from Hylesia moths collected from two major lepidopterism outbreak South American regions. The mitochondrial gene sequences contained significant genetic variation, revealing a single, widespread, polymorphic species with distinct clusters, possibly corresponding to populations evolving in isolation. The microsatellite markers validated the mitochondrial results, and suggest the presence of three populations: one in Venezuela, and two in French Guiana. All moths sampled during outbreak events in French Guiana were assigned to a single coastal population. The causes and implications of this finding require further research. |
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INRA, Unité de Recherche Ecologie des forêts méditerranéennes, Avignon, UR629, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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19382928 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 February 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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857 |
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Salas-Lopez, A. |
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Predicting resource use in ant species and entire communities by studying their morphological traits: Influence of habitat and subfamily |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Ecological Indicators |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Indic. |
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78 |
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183-191 |
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Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships; Ecosystem process; Food niche; Formicidae; Habitat filtering; Indicator; Land-use; Morphological traits; Taxonomic conservatism; Biodiversity; Ecology; Indicators (instruments); Land use; Natural resources management; Ecosystem functioning; Ecosystem process; Formicidae; Morphological traits; Taxonomic conservatism; Ecosystems; Formicidae |
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I investigated whether the morphological traits of Neotropical ants can be used to infer food resource use by individual species and by entire communities, and whether these relationships are related to habitat type and/or by morphological differences between ant subfamilies. I attracted ants using food baits that represented different ecological processes (e.g. predation, granivory, detritivory, nectarivory) in five habitat types along a land-use gradient (from forests to gardens). I assessed ant activity at the baits and characterized 64 species from six subfamilies according to their food use and community-level resource exploitation intensity in the different habitats. Next, I performed a Mantel test to reveal the relationships between 13 morphological measures and resource use at the species level. I then used ant clades (i.e. subfamily) and habitat to rank the ants along three axes of variation in relation to their morphology and food resource use. Finally, I tested whether associations existed between the community-level exploitation intensity for such resources and the distribution of morphological trait values using the “4th-corner” analysis. Morphological traits were closely linked to the species’ ability to exploit different resources. These relationships were affected by subfamily and, to a lesser extent, by habitat type. The characterization of trait sets for entire communities was not useful, however, in predicting the intensity of the exploitation of different types of resources in varying environmental conditions. I conclude that morphological traits are accurate predictors of the ecology of species, but they should be used with caution when trying to understand community-level patterns. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
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Export Date: 8 April 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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747 |
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Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Prey Capture Behavior in an Arboreal African Ponerine Ant |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS One |
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6 |
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5 |
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e19837 |
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I studied the predatory behavior of Platythyrea conradti, an arboreal ponerine ant, whereas most species in this subfamily are ground-dwelling. The workers, which hunt solitarily only around dusk, are able to capture a wide range of prey, including termites and agile, nocturnal insects as well as diurnal insects that are inactive at that moment of the Nyctemeron, resting on tree branches or under leaves. Prey are captured very rapidly, and the antennal palpation used by ground-dwelling ponerine species is reduced to a simple contact; stinging occurs immediately thereafter. The venom has an instant, violent effect as even large prey (up to 30 times the weight of a worker) never struggled after being stung. Only small prey are not stung. Workers retrieve their prey, even large items, singly. To capture termite workers and soldiers defending their nest entrances, ant workers crouch and fold their antennae backward. In their role as guards, the termites face the crouching ants and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. This is likely due to volatile secretions produced by the ants' mandibular gland. The same behavior is used against competing ants, including territorially-dominant arboreal species that retreat further and further away, so that the P. conradti finally drive them from large, sugary food sources. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000290483600033 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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316 |
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Devault, D.A.; Lévi, Y.; Karolak, S. |
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Applying sewage epidemiology approach to estimate illicit drug consumption in a tropical context: Bias related to sewage temperature and pH |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science of the Total Environment |
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584-585 |
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252-258 |
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Cannabis; Degradation; H2s; Half-life; Illicit drugs; Wastewater |
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Illicit drug consumption can be estimated from drug target residue (DTR) in wastewater, with the reliability of results being partly linked to DTR stability in the sewage network. However, wastewater temperature and pH drive the stability of molecules and, in this context, tropical conditions must be studied to specify the impact of residence time in the sewage network on DTR degradation. Warmth enhances biotic and abiotic processes such as degradation, leading to a decrease in oxygen content, and consequently, early diagenesis conditions in wastewater. In this study, we conduct laboratory studies under acidic pH and high temperature (30 °C) conditions to determine the degradation half-lives of cocaine (COC), tetrahydrocannabinol, and heroine targets, allowing COC/benzoylecgonine (BZE) ratio variations to be predicted in sewage networks. A rapid COC degradation is observed, as already reported in the literature but without a short-term significant difference between 20 °C and 30 °C. Acidic pH seems to prevent degradation. Thus, theoretically, the use of COC as DTR is only reliable in acidic conditions, with the decrease in COC concentration being 6% at 8 h, but over 40% in other conditions. By contrast, the use of BZE as DTR to estimate COC consumption, which is performed in practice, can be undertaken with the same back-calculation equation as used in temperate countries. However, 11-nor-delta-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol stability is more influenced by high temperature: concentration levels after 24 h are 20% lower at 30 °C than at 20 °C, corresponding to a 20% and 40% decrease, respectively. Based on a mean residence time of 8 h, underestimated cannabis consumption is close to 15% in tropical contexts, which is double that of temperate areas. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. |
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Public Health and Environnement Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France |
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Export Date: 8 March 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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741 |
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Buckland, S.T.; Yuan, Y.; Marcon, E. |
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Title |
Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
4 |
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461-474 |
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Biodiversity measures; Diversity profiles; Geometric mean; Species similarity; Turnover measures |
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In 2002, nearly 200 nations signed up to the 2010 target of the Convention for Biological Diversity, ‘to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010’. To assess whether the target was met, it became necessary to quantify temporal trends in measures of diversity. This resulted in a marked shift in focus for biodiversity measurement. We explore the developments in measuring biodiversity that was prompted by the 2010 target. We consider measures based on species proportions, and also explain why a geometric mean of relative abundance estimates was preferred to such measures for assessing progress towards the target. We look at the use of diversity profiles, and consider how species similarity can be incorporated into diversity measures. We also discuss measures of turnover that can be used to quantify shifts in community composition arising, for example, from climate change. © 2017, The Author(s). |
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UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou, French Guiana, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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769 |
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Devault, D.A.; Beilvert, B.; Winterton, P. |
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Ship breaking or scuttling? A review of environmental, economic and forensic issues for decision support |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. |
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24 |
Issue |
33 |
Pages |
25741-25774 |
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Artificial reef; Diving; Ship recycling; Ship Recycling Facilities; Shipbreaking; Tourism; Working conditions; Wrecks; artificial reef; coastal erosion; coastal zone management; cost-benefit analysis; decision support system; developing world; economic impact; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; environmental issue; facility location; health and safety; invasive species; profitability; recycling; shipping; tourism; working conditions; wreck; analysis; decision support system; economics; international cooperation; pollution; prevention and control; procedures; recycling; ship; statistics and numerical data; Decision Support Techniques; Environmental Pollution; Internationality; Recycling; Ships |
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In a globalized world, the world trade fleet plays a pivotal role in limiting transport costs. But, the management of obsolete ships is an acute problem, with most Ship Recycling Facilities (SRF) situated in developing countries. They are renowned for their controversial work and safety conditions and their environmental impact. Paradoxically, dismantlement is paid for by the shipowners in accordance with international conventions therefore it is more profitable for them to sell off ships destined for scrapping. Scuttling, the alternative to scrapping, is assessed in the present review to compare the cost/benefit ratios of the two approaches. Although scrapping provides employment and raw materials – but with environmental, health and safety costs – scuttling provides fisheries and diving tourism opportunities but needs appropriate management to avoid organic and metal pollution, introduction of invasive species and exacerbation of coastal erosion. It is also limited by appropriate bottom depth, ship type and number. The present review inventories the environmental, health, safety, economic, and forensic aspects of each alternative. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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Département Langues et Gestion, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse cedex 09, 31062, France |
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Springer Verlag |
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09441344 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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869 |
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Leroy, C.; Sabatier, S.; Wahyuni, N.S.; Barczi, J.F.; Dauzat, J.; Laurans, M.; Auclair, D. |
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Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Agroforestry Systems |
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Agrofor. Syst. |
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77 |
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1 |
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37-47 |
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Acacia mangium; Tectona grandis; Agroforestry; Light interception; Plant architecture; Simulation; 3D virtual plant |
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In agroforestry systems, the distribution of light transmitted under tree canopies can be a limiting factor for the development of intercrops. The light available for intercrops depends on the quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies and, consequently, on the architecture of the tree species present. The influence of tree architecture on light transmission was analysed using dynamic 3D architectural models. The architectural analysis of Acacia mangium and Tectona grandis was performed in Indonesian agroforestry systems with trees aged from 1 to 3 years. 3D virtual trees were then generated with the AmapSim simulation software and 3D virtual experiments in which tree age, planting density, planting pattern and pruning intensity varied were reconstructed in order to simulate light available for the crop. Canopy closure of trees was more rapid in A. mangium than in T. grandis agroforestry systems; after 3 years the quantity of light available for A. mangium intercrops was three times lower than under T. grandis. Simulations with A. mangium showed that practices such as pruning and widening tree spacing enable to increase the total transmitted light within the stand. On T. grandis, modification of the tree row azimuth resulted in changes in the spatial and seasonal distribution of light available for the intercrops. These results are discussed in terms of agroforestry system management. |
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[Sabatier, Sylvie; Barczi, Jean-Francois; Dauzat, Jean; Laurans, Marilyne] CIRAD, UMR AMAP Botan & Bioinformat Architecture Plantes, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvie-annabel.sabatier@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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0167-4366 |
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ISI:000268865600004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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199 |
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Jaouen, G.; Sagne, A.; Buyck, B.; Decock, C.; Louisanna, E.; Manzi, S.; Baraloto, C.; Roy, M.; Schimann, H. |
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Fungi of French Guiana gathered in a taxonomic, environmental and molecular dataset |
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2019 |
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Scientific data |
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6 |
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206 |
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In Amazonia, the knowledge about Fungi remains patchy and biased towards accessible sites. This is particularly the case in French Guiana where the existing collections have been confined to few coastal localities. Here, we aimed at filling the gaps of knowledge in undersampled areas of this region, particularly focusing on the Basidiomycota. From 2011, we comprehensively collected fruiting-bodies with a stratified and reproducible sampling scheme in 126 plots. Sites of sampling reflected the main forest habitats of French Guiana in terms of soil fertility and topography. The dataset of 5219 specimens gathers 245 genera belonging to 75 families, 642 specimens are barcoded. The dataset is not a checklist as only 27% of the specimens are identified at the species level but 96% are identified at the genus level. We found an extraordinary diversity distributed across forest habitats. The dataset is an unprecedented and original collection of Basidiomycota for the region, making specimens available for taxonomists and ecologists. The database is publicly available in the GBIF repository ( https://doi.org/10.15468/ymvlrp ). |
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Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, FL, Miami, 33199, United States |
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Export Date: 28 October 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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891 |
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Marti, G.; Eparvier, V.; Moretti, C.; Prado, S.; Grellier, P.; Hue, N.; Thoison, O.; Delpech, B.; Gueritte, F.; Litaudon, M. |
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Antiplasmodial benzophenone derivatives from the root barks of Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Phytochemistry |
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Phytochemistry |
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71 |
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8-9 |
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964-974 |
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Symphonia globulifera; Clusiaceae; Benzophenone; Symphonone; Antiplasmodial; LC/ESI-MS |
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In an effort to find antimalarial drugs, a systematic in vitro evaluation on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1) was undertaken on sixty plant extracts collected in French Guiana. The ethyl acetate extract obtained from the root barks of Symphonia globulifera exhibited a strong antiplasmodial activity (97% at 10 μg/ml). The phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of nine polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAPs) compounds and two oxidized derivatives. All compounds showed antiplasmodial activity with IC(50)s ranged from 2.1 to 10.1 μM. A LC/ESI-MSn study performed on polyprenylated benzophenones previously isolated from Moronobea coccinea provided a reliable method for their detection in the extract and structural elucidation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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[Marti, Guillaume; Hue, Nathalie; Thoison, Odile; Delpech, Bernard; Gueritte, Francoise; Litaudon, Marc] CNRS, Inst Chim Subst Nat, Ctr Rech Gif, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France, Email: marc.litaudon@icsn.cnrs-gif.fr |
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9422 |
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Notes |
ISI:000279077400016 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
284 |
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