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Hibert, F.; Taberlet, P.; Chave, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Sabatier, D.; Richard-Hansen, C. |
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Title |
Unveiling the Diet of Elusive Rainforest Herbivores in Next Generation Sequencing Era? The Tapir as a Case Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
8 |
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4 |
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e60799 |
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Characterizing the trophic relationships between large herbivores and the outstanding plant diversity in rainforest is a major challenge because of their elusiveness. This is crucial to understand the role of these herbivores in the functioning of the rainforest ecosystems. We tested a non-invasive approach based on the high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples using small plant plastid sequences (the trnL P6 loop) and ribosomal ITS1 primers, referred to as DNA metabarcoding, to investigate the diet of the largest neotropical herbivore, the lowland tapir. Sequencing was performed on plant DNA extracted from tapir faeces collected at the Nouragues station, a protected area of French Guiana. In spite of a limited sampling, our approach reliably provided information about the lowland tapir's diet at this site. Indeed, 95.1% and 74.4% of the plant families and genera identified thanks to the trnL P6 loop, respectively, matched with taxa already known to be consumed by tapirs. With this approach we were able to show that two families and eight new genera are also consumed by the lowland tapir. The taxonomic resolution of this method is limited to the plant family and genera. Complementary barcodes, such as a small portion of ITS1, can be used to efficiently narrow identifications down to the species in some problematic families. We will discuss the remaining limitations of this approach and how useful it is at this stage to unravel the diet of elusive rainforest herbivores and better understand their role as engineers of the ecosystem. © 2013 Hibert et al. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 April 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e60799; :doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0060799; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hibert, F.; Direction Etudes et Recherches, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana; email: fabricenz@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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481 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Rossi, V.; Cereghino, R. |
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Title |
Inherited Biotic Protection in a Neotropical Pioneer Plant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
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e18071 |
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Chelonanthus alatus is a bat-pollinated, pioneer Gentianaceae that clusters in patches where still-standing, dried-out stems are interspersed among live individuals. Flowers bear circum-floral nectaries (CFNs) that are attractive to ants, and seed dispersal is both barochorous and anemochorous. Although, in this study, live individuals never sheltered ant colonies, dried-out hollow stems – that can remain standing for 2 years – did. Workers from species nesting in dried-out stems as well as from ground-nesting species exploited the CFNs of live C. alatus individuals in the same patches during the daytime, but were absent at night (when bat pollination occurs) on 60.5% of the plants. By visiting the CFNs, the ants indirectly protect the flowers – but not the plant foliage – from herbivorous insects. We show that this protection is provided mostly by species nesting in dried-out stems, predominantly Pseudomyrmex gracilis. That dried-out stems remain standing for years and are regularly replaced results in an opportunistic, but stable association where colonies are sheltered by one generation of dead C. alatus while the live individuals nearby, belonging to the next generation, provide them with nectar; in turn, the ants protect their flowers from herbivores. We suggest that the investment in wood by C. alatus individuals permitting still-standing, dried-out stems to shelter ant colonies constitutes an extended phenotype because foraging workers protect the flowers of live individuals in the same patch. Also, through this process these dried-out stems indirectly favor the reproduction (and so the fitness) of the next generation including both their own offspring and that of their siblings, all adding up to a potential case of inclusive fitness in plants. |
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[Dejean, Alain; Leroy, Celine] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR CNRS 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000289057200023 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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306 |
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Coste, S.; Baraloto, C.; Leroy, C.; Marcon, E.; Renaud, A.; Richardson, A.D.; Roggy, J.C.; Schimann, H.; Uddling, J.; Herault, B. |
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Assessing foliar chlorophyll contents with the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter: a calibration test with thirteen tree species of tropical rainforest in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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67 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
607 |
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Keywords |
chlorophyll estimate; model calibration; homographic functions; neotropical trees |
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Chlorophyll meters such as the SPAD-502 offer a simple, inexpensive and rapid method to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. However, values provided by SPAD-502 are unitless and require empirical calibrations between SPAD units and extracted chlorophyll values. Leaves of 13 tree species from the tropical rain forest in French Guiana were sampled to select the most appropriate calibration model among the often-used linear, polynomial and exponential models, in addition to a novel homographic model that has a natural asymptote. The homographic model best accurately predicted total chlorophyll content (mu g cm(-2)) from SPAD units (R-2 = 0.89). Interspecific differences in the homographic model parameters explain less than 7% of the variation in chlorophyll content in our data set. The utility of the general homographic model for a variety of research and management applications clearly outweighs the slight loss of model accuracy due to the abandon of the species' effect. |
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[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000282350300007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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40 |
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Salvin, P.; Roos, C.; Robert, F. |
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Title |
Tropical mangrove sediments as a natural inoculum for efficient electroactive biofilms |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Bioresource Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioresour. Technol. |
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120 |
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45-51 |
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Chronoamperometry; Cyclic voltammetry; Electroactive biofilms; Microbial fuel cells; Three-electrode systems |
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Chronoamperometry is known to be an efficient way to form electroactive biofilms (EAB) on conductive electrodes. For the first time, tropical mangrove sediments are analyzed as a potential inoculum to form MFC anodes with the use of acetate as substrate. The performance of the EAB-coated carbon cloth electrodes are evaluated according to the maximal current density, the coulombic efficiency and the cyclic voltammogramms. Working electrodes (WE) polarized at -0.2V/SCE gave better results compared to -0.4V/SCE and 0.0V/SCE. The maximal current density attained was 12A/m 2 with a CE of 24%. Contributions of the EAB in the generation of current were discussed and mechanisms of electronic transfer by the bacteria were discussed. Epifluorescence and SEM images showed the evolution of the biofilms on the electrode surface and the heterogeneity of the structure. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Laboratoire des Matériaux et des Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, F-97337 Cayenne, French Guiana |
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09608524 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Birte; doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.131; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Robert, F.; Laboratoire des Matériaux et des Molécules en Milieu Amazonien, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UAG-UMR ECOFOG, F-97337 Cayenne, French Guiana; email: florent.robert@guyane.univ-ag.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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421 |
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Nirma, C.; Eparvier, V.; Stien, D. |
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Reactivation of antibiosis in the entomogenous fungus Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Antibiotics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Antibiotics |
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68 |
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9 |
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586-590 |
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Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 was isolated from a Nasutitermes corniger nest, and its ethyl acetate extract was found to exhibit very strong antibacterial activity. Two antibacterial metabolites were isolated, (-)-R-skyrin (2) and (+)-rugulosin A (3). Eventually, the fungus lost its antibiotic potential when subcultured, and the use of yeast extract induced the re-expression of these two antibiotics. Yeast extract possibly activated a cryptic pathway by mimicking the presence of an ecological competitor. © 2015 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved. |
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Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France |
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Export Date: 12 October 2015 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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628 |
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Herault, B.; Thoen, D. |
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Title |
How habitat area, local and regional factors shape plant assemblages in isolated closed depressions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. |
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35 |
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3 |
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385-392 |
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Closed depressions; Colonization; Connectivity; Fragmented habitats; Emergent Groups; Open and forested landscape; Life-history traits |
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Classifying species by shared life-history traits is important if common ecological response groups are to be identified among different species. We investigated how habitat area, local and regional factors shape plant communities in small isolated closed depressions, and how the species richness is related to the interplay between environmental factors and specific life-history trait combinations. In Central-Western Europe, 169 closed depressions were completely Surveyed for plant presence in two highly contrasted landscapes (forested and open landscapes). All species were clustered into 9 Emergent Groups based oil 10 life-history traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Habitat areas were related to species presence using logistic regressions. Most Emergent Groups were more area-dependent in open than in forested landscapes, owing to heterogeneous light levels in forest weakening the species-area relationship. In open landscapes, Floating Hydrophytes were severely underrepresented in very small depressions, owing to the absence of waterfowl poulation. Local environmental and regional factors were related to species richness using Generalized Linear Models. In open landscapes, local environmental factors such as water conductivity or soil productivity are respectively the main predictors. In forested landscapes, the abundance of most Emergent Groups Was better predicted by regional factors, i.e., habitat connectivity and distance to the forest edge. Forested landscapes strongly impeded the closed depressions' colonization by the less mobile Emergent Groups Such as Large-seeded Perennials. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR EcoFoG, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER |
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1146-609X |
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ISI:000266174400006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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112 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Water availability is the main climate driver of neotropical tree growth |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e34074 |
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Climate models for the coming century predict rainfall reduction in the Amazonian region, including change in water availability for tropical rainforests. Here, we test the extent to which climate variables related to water regime, temperature and irradiance shape the growth trajectories of neotropical trees. We developed a diameter growth model explicitly designed to work with asynchronous climate and growth data. Growth trajectories of 205 individual trees from 54 neotropical species censused every 2 months over a 4-year period were used to rank 9 climate variables and find the best predictive model. About 9% of the individual variation in tree growth was imputable to the seasonal variation of climate. Relative extractable water was the main predictor and alone explained more than 60% of the climate effect on tree growth, i.e. 5.4% of the individual variation in tree growth. Furthermore, the global annual tree growth was more dependent on the diameter increment at the onset of the rain season than on the duration of dry season. The best predictive model included 3 climate variables: relative extractable water, minimum temperature and irradiance. The root mean squared error of prediction (0.035 mm.d -1) was slightly above the mean value of the growth (0.026 mm.d -1). Amongst climate variables, we highlight the predominant role of water availability in determining seasonal variation in tree growth of neotropical forest trees and the need to include these relationships in forest simulators to test, in silico, the impact of different climate scenarios on the future dynamics of the rainforest. © 2012 Wagner et al. |
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INRA, UMR 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 24 April 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e34074; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034074; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', BP 709, Kourou, France; email: fabien.wagner@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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394 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Bonal, D.; Dalitz, H.; Gliniars, R.; Stahl, C.; Trabucco, A.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Pan-tropical analysis of climate effects on seasonal tree growth |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e92337 |
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Climate models predict a range of changes in tropical forest regions, including increased average temperatures, decreased total precipitation, reduced soil moisture and alterations in seasonal climate variations. These changes are directly related to the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, primarily CO2. Assessing seasonal forest growth responses to climate is of utmost importance because woody tissues, produced by photosynthesis from atmospheric CO2, water and light, constitute the main component of carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem. In this paper, we combine intra-annual tree growth measurements from published tree growth data and the corresponding monthly climate data for 25 pan-tropical forest sites. This meta-analysis is designed to find the shared climate drivers of tree growth and their relative importance across pan-tropical forests in order to improve carbon uptake models in a global change context. Tree growth reveals significant intra-annual seasonality at seasonally dry sites or in wet tropical forests. Of the overall variation in tree growth, 28.7% was explained by the site effect, i.e. the tree growth average per site. The best predictive model included four climate variables: precipitation, solar radiation (estimated with extrasolar radiation reaching the atmosphere), temperature amplitude and relative soil water content. This model explained more than 50% of the tree growth variations across tropical forests. Precipitation and solar radiation are the main seasonal drivers of tree growth, causing 19.8% and 16.3% of the tree growth variations. Both have a significant positive association with tree growth. These findings suggest that forest productivity due to tropical tree growth will be reduced in the future if climate extremes, such as droughts, become more frequent. © 2014 Wagner et al. |
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Division of Forest, Nature, and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
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Public Library of Science |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 May 2014; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e92337; Coden: Polnc; Language of Original Document: English |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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543 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Stahl, C.; Herault, B. |
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Are commonly measured functional traits involved in tropical tree responses to climate? |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
International Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Ecol. |
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2014 |
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389409 |
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Climate models predict significant rainfall reduction in Amazonia, reducing water availability for trees. We present how functional traits modulate the tree growth response to climate. We used data from 3 years of bimestrial growth measurements for 204 trees of 53 species in the forest of Paracou, French Guiana. We integrated climate variables from an eddy covariance tower and functional trait values describing life history, leaf, and stem economics. Our results indicated that the measured functional traits are to some extent linked to the response of trees to climate but they are poor predictors of the tree climate-induced growth variation. Tree growth was affected by water availability for most of the species with different species growth strategies in drought conditions. These strategies were linked to some functional traits, especially maximum height and wood density. These results suggest that (i) trees seem adapted to the dry season at Paracou but they show different growth responses to drought, (ii) drought response is linked to growth strategy and is partly explained by functional traits, and (iii) the limited part of the variation of tree growth explained by functional traits may be a strong limiting factor for the prediction of tree growth response to climate. © 2014 Fabien Wagner et al. |
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CIRAD, UMR Systèmes d'Elevage en Milieux Méditerranéens et Tropicaux, 97379 Kourou, France |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
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16879716 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; email: wagner.h.fabien@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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556 |
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Le Lann, C.; Roux, O.; Serain, N.; Van Alphen, J.J.M.; Vernon, P.; Van Baaren, J. |
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Thermal tolerance of sympatric hymenopteran parasitoid species: does it match seasonal activity? |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Physiological Entomology |
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Physiol. Entomol. |
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36 |
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1 |
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21-28 |
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Climate change; critical thermal limits; CTmax; CTmin; dry mass; guild; hind tibia length; seasonal activities; surface to volume ratio |
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Abstract |
Climatic changes result in an increased in mean temperature and in a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves. For ectotherms, such as insect parasitoids, the ability to remain active under extreme climatic conditions is a significant key to fitness. The body size of individuals, and in particular their surface to volume ratio, may play a role in their resistance to thermal conditions. The thermal tolerances are investigated of two closely-related sympatric parasitoid species [Aphidius avenae Haliday and Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)] that have a similar ecology but differ in body size and phenologies. The critical thermal limits of individuals are assessed in both sexes of each parasitoid species and the influence of surface volume ratios on their thermal tolerances. Aphidius avenae is less resistant to low temperatures and more resistant to high temperatures than A. rhopalosiphi. The lower surface to volume ratio of A. avenae individuals may help them to remain active in summer when experiencing heat waves. However, body size is not the sole factor that plays a role in differences of thermal tolerance between species and body size may not be an adaptation to extreme temperatures but rather a by-product of developmental regulation. Closely-related sympatric species from the same ecological guild can have different thermal tolerances that may allow them to occur within the same habitat. The present study also highlights the importance of clearly defining how to measure critical thermal limits to determine the thermal tolerance of a species. |
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[Le Lann, Cecile; Serain, Nelly; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.; Vernon, Philippe; Van Baaren, Joan] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France, Email: cecile.lelann@univ-rennes1.fr |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6962 |
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ISI:000287790900004 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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294 |
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