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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Corbara, B.; Orivel, J.; Compin, A. |
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The dynamics of ant mosaics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Science |
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23 |
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4 |
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630-637 |
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ant plant relationships; dynamics of associations; myrmecophytes; tropical rainforests |
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Ants, the most abundant taxa among canopy-dwelling animals in tropical rainforests, are mostly represented by territorially dominant arboreal ants (TDAs) whose territories are distributed in a mosaic pattern (arboreal ant mosaics). Large TDA colonies regulate insect herbivores, with implications for forestry and agronomy. What generates these mosaics in vegetal formations, which are dynamic, still needs to be better understood. So, from empirical research based on 3 Cameroonian tree species (Lophira alata, Ochnaceae; Anthocleista vogelii, Gentianaceae; and Barteria fistulosa, Passifloraceae), we used the Self-Organizing Map (SOM, neural network) to illustrate the succession of TDAs as their host trees grow and age. The SOM separated the trees by species and by size for L. alata, which can reach 60 m in height and live several centuries. An ontogenic succession of TDAs from sapling to mature trees is shown, and some ecological traits are highlighted for certain TDAs. Also, because the SOM permits the analysis of data with many zeroes with no effect of outliers on the overall scatterplot distributions, we obtained ecological information on rare species. Finally, the SOM permitted us to show that functional groups cannot be selected at the genus level as congeneric species can have very different ecological niches, something particularly true for Crematogaster spp., which include a species specifically associated with B. fistulosa, nondominant species and TDAs. Therefore, the SOM permitted the complex relationships between TDAs and their growing host trees to be analyzed, while also providing new information on the ecological traits of the ant species involved. © 2015 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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689 |
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Zaremski, A.; Malandain, C.; Sibourg, O.; Andary, C.; Michaloud, G.; Ducousso, M.; Amusant, N.; Zaremski, A. |
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NGS Identification of Fungi Potentially Implicated in the Production of Agarwood From Aquilaria Spp. Tree |
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2018 |
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Pro Ligno |
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14 |
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3 |
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9-18 |
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Aquilaria is a tree species belonging to the Thymeleaceae family. When Aquilaria sp. is injured, it can produce agarwood. Agarwood is characterized by a darker wood colour than the healthy one and by a strong perfume that is much esteemed by perfumers and some oriental religious communities. The production of agarwood is presumed to depend on environmental factors, among them fungi. The aim of this work is to obtain an overview of fungi present in Aquilaria sp. from different countries. Aquilaria sp. is endemic to South East Asia including notably Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, where it is cultivated to produce agarwood. In French Guiana, farmers would like to locally produce agarwood in their field. That's why we wonder if fungal communities naturally present in French Guiana present characteristics making it compatible with the induction of agarwood. In this study, NGS was used to characterize fungal communities associated with agarwood: 693,961 sequences that cover ITS2 estimated about 250bp have been obtained. These sequences have been grouped into 535 OTUs, displaying 100% identity. In this study, 87% were Ascomycetes and 10.5% were Basidiomycetes. These results show also differences in fungal communities between aboveground and belowground parts of the tree. Likewise, differences between countries within fungal communities were also observed. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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855 |
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Dejean, A.; Djieto-Lordon, C.; Cereghino, R.; Leponce, M. |
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Ontogenetic succession and the ant mosaic: An empirical approach using pioneer trees |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Basic and Applied Ecology |
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Basic Appl. Ecol. |
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9 |
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3 |
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316-323 |
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ant-plant relationships; dynamics of associations; myrmecophytes; species turnover; tropical rainforests |
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Arboreal ant mosaics have been intensively investigated, but what generates these mosaics remains poorly understood. In this paper, we hypothesize that the dynamics of arboreal ant mosaics could be better understood by examining the ontogenetic succession of ants in tropical trees. We used three African pioneer tree species as biological models. Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) is a long-lived species that does not furnish any reward (i.e., extra-floral nectaries [EFNs], shelter) to ants, Anthocleista vogelii (Gentianaceae) bears extremely well-developed EFNs, and Barteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae) is a long-lived myrmecophyte providing both EFNs and domatia. For both L. alata and A. vogelii, we noted a succession of different associated ants as the plants grew and aged. Ground-nesting, arborealforaging ant species were the first associates, followed by arboreal species that build nests with the leaves of their host trees, together with some species nesting opportunistically in pre-existing cavities. Carton-building Crematogaster species were the last in this succession. The presence of EFNs on A. vogelii slows species turnover, demonstrating that the plant exerts some control over its ant associates. The comparison with B. fistulosa, which generally remains associated with the same plant-ant species during its entire ontogeny, highlights the importance of the selective attractiveness of the trees for their associated ants – or, perhaps, the existence of plant filters that screen arriving ants. (C) 2007 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS Guyane, UPS 2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG |
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1439-1791 |
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ISI:000256734600013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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138 |
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Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Ann. Bot. |
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92 |
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1 |
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97-105 |
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Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0305-7364 |
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ISI:000183980200010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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245 |
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Sardans, J.; Urbina, I.; Grau, O.; Asensio, D.; Ogaya, R.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Long-term drought decreases ecosystem C and nutrient storage in a Mediterranean holm oak forest |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Environmental and Experimental Botany |
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Environ. Exp. Bot. |
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177 |
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104135 |
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Aridity; Carbon stocks; Climate change; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Stoichiometry; carbon sequestration; deciduous forest; drought; experimental study; forest soil; long-term change; Mediterranean environment; net ecosystem exchange; nutrient cycling; shrub; stoichiometry; Mediterranean Sea; Phillyrea latifolia |
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Aridity has increased in recent decades in the Mediterranean Basin and is projected to continue to increase in the coming decades. We studied the consequences of drought on the concentrations, stoichiometries and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves, foliar litter of a three dominant woody species and soil of a Mediterranean montane holm oak forest where soil-water content was experimentally reduced (15 % lower than the control plots) for 15 years. Nitrogen stocks were lower in the drought plots than in the control plots (8.81 ± 1.01 kg ha−1 in the forest canopy and 856 ± 120 kg ha−1 in the 0−15 cm soil layer), thus representing 7 and 18 % lower N stocks in the canopy and soil respectively. δ15N was consistently higher under drought conditions in all samples, indicating a general loss of N. Foliar C and K stocks were also lower but to a lesser extent than N. Decreases in biomass and C and N stocks due to drought were smallest for the most dominant tall shrub, Phillyrea latifolia, so our results suggest a lower capacity of this forest to store C and nutrients but also substantial resulting changes in forest structure with increasing drought. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, 97310, French Guiana |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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00988472 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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954 |
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Piponiot, C.; Rödig, E.; Putz, F.E.; Rutishauser, E.; Sist, P.; Ascarrunz, N.; Blanc, L.; Derroire, G.; Descroix, L.; Guedes, M.C.; Coronado, E.H.; Huth, A.; Kanashiro, M.; Licona, J.C.; Mazzei, L.; d’Oliveira, M.V.N.; Peña-Claros, M.; Rodney, K.; Shenkin, A.; de Souza, C.R.; Vidal, E.; West, T.A.P.; Wortel, V.; Herault, B. |
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Can timber provision from Amazonian production forests be sustainable? |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Environmental Research Letters |
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Environmental Research Letters |
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14 |
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6 |
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064014 |
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Around 30 Mm3 of sawlogs are extracted annually by selective logging of natural production forests in Amazonia, Earth’s most extensive tropical forest. Decisions concerning the management of these production forests will be of major importance for Amazonian forests’ fate. To date, no regional assessment of selective logging sustainability supports decision-making. Based on data from 3500 ha of forest inventory plots, our modelling results show that the average periodic harvests of 20 m3 ha−1 will not recover by the end of a standard 30 year cutting cycle. Timber recovery within a cutting cycle is enhanced by commercial acceptance of more species and with the adoption of longer cutting cycles and lower logging intensities. Recovery rates are faster in Western Amazonia than on the Guiana Shield. Our simulations suggest that regardless of cutting cycle duration and logging intensities, selectively logged forests are unlikely to meet timber demands over the long term as timber stocks are predicted to steadily decline. There is thus an urgent need to develop an integrated forest resource management policy that combines active management of production forests with the restoration of degraded and secondary forests for timber production. Without better management, reduced timber harvests and continued timber production declines are unavoidable. |
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IOP Publishing |
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1748-9326 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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875 |
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Mouillot, D.; Bellwood, D.R.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J.; Galzin, R.; Harmelin-Vivien, M.; Kulbicki, M.; Lavergne, S.; Lavorel, S.; Mouquet, N.; Paine, C.E.T.; Renaud, J.; Thuiller, W. |
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Title |
Rare Species Support Vulnerable Functions in High-Diversity Ecosystems |
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2013 |
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PLoS Biology |
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PloS Biol. |
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11 |
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5 |
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e1001569 |
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Around the world, the human-induced collapses of populations and species have triggered a sixth mass extinction crisis, with rare species often being the first to disappear. Although the role of species diversity in the maintenance of ecosystem processes has been widely investigated, the role of rare species remains controversial. A critical issue is whether common species insure against the loss of functions supported by rare species. This issue is even more critical in species-rich ecosystems where high functional redundancy among species is likely and where it is thus often assumed that ecosystem functioning is buffered against species loss. Here, using extensive datasets of species occurrences and functional traits from three highly diverse ecosystems (846 coral reef fishes, 2,979 alpine plants, and 662 tropical trees), we demonstrate that the most distinct combinations of traits are supported predominantly by rare species both in terms of local abundance and regional occupancy. Moreover, species that have low functional redundancy and are likely to support the most vulnerable functions, with no other species carrying similar combinations of traits, are rarer than expected by chance in all three ecosystems. For instance, 63% and 98% of fish species that are likely to support highly vulnerable functions in coral reef ecosystems are locally and regionally rare, respectively. For alpine plants, 32% and 89% of such species are locally and regionally rare, respectively. Remarkably, 47% of fish species and 55% of tropical tree species that are likely to support highly vulnerable functions have only one individual per sample on average. Our results emphasize the importance of rare species conservation, even in highly diverse ecosystems, which are thought to exhibit high functional redundancy. Rare species offer more than aesthetic, cultural, or taxonomic diversity value; they disproportionately increase the potential breadth of functions provided by ecosystems across spatial scales. As such, they are likely to insure against future uncertainty arising from climate change and the ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems. Our results call for a more detailed understanding of the role of rarity and functional vulnerability in ecosystem functioning. © 2013 Mouillot et al. |
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Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom |
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15449173 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e1001569; Coden: Pblib; :doi 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001569; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Mouillot, D.; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UM2, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Institute for Research and Development (IRD) 5119 ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2 cc 093, Montpellier, France; email: david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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492 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Herault, B.; Fine, P.V.A.; Vedel, V.; Lupoli, R.; Mesones, I.; Baraloto, C. |
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Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Journal of Animal Ecology |
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85 |
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1 |
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227-239 |
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Amazon; Arthropod community; Environmental filtering; Forest habitat; French Guiana; Functional composition; Mass sampling; Peru; Trophic cascades |
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Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white-sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17·7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition. © 2016 British Ecological Society. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 17 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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731 |
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Privet, K.; Vedel, V.; Fortunel, C.; Orivel, J.; Martinez, Q.; Cerdan, A.; Baraloto, C.; Pétillon, J. |
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Relative effciency of pitfall trapping vs. nocturnal hand collecting in assessing soil-dwelling spider diversity along a structural gradient of neotropical habitats |
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2020 |
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Diversity |
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Diversity |
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12 |
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2 |
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81 |
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Araneae; Diversity indices; Functional diversity; Guiana shield; Sampling methods; Species richness; Turnover; Araneae |
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Assessing spider diversity remains a great challenge, especially in tropical habitats where dozens of species can locally co-occur. Pitfall trapping is one of the most widely used techniques to collect spiders, but it suffers from several biases, and its accuracy likely varies with habitat complexity. In this study, we compared the efficiency of passive pitfall trapping versus active nocturnal hand collecting (\"HC) to capture low understory-dwelling spider taxonomical (morpho-species) and functional (hunting guilds) diversity along a structural gradient of habitats in French Guiana. We focused on four habitats describing a structural gradient: garden to the orchard to the forest edge to the undisturbed forest. Overall, estimated morpho-species richness and composition did not vary consistently between habitats, but abundances of ground-hunting spiders decreased significantly with increasing habitat complexity. We found habitat-dependence differences in taxonomic diversity between sampling strategies: NHC revealed higher diversity in the orchard, whereas pitfalls resulted in higher diversity in the forest. Species turnover resulted in high dissimilarity in species composition between habitats using either method. This study shows how pitfall trapping is influenced by habitat structure, rendering this sampling method incomplete for complex, tropical environments. However, pitfall traps remain a valuable component of inventories because they sample distinct assemblage of spiders. © 2020 by the authors. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States |
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Mdpi Ag |
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14242818 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 March 2020; Correspondence Address: Privet, K.; CNRS, Ecobio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Université de RennesFrance; email: kprivet@hotmail.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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923 |
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Brienen, R.J.W.; Phillips, O.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Gloor, E.; Baker, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Lewis, S.L.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragaõ, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C., G.A.; Bánki, O.S.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Castilho, C.V.; Chama, V.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.A.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Da Costa, L.; De Oliveira, E.A.; Di Fiore, A.; Erwin, T.L.; Fauset, S.; Forsthofer, M.; Galbraith, D.R.; Grahame, E.S.; Groot, N.; Herault, B.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Licona, J.; Magnussen, W.E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Neill, D.A.; Nogueira, E.M.; Núñez, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada, A.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Peacock, J.; Penã-Claros, M.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Poorter, L.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Restrepo, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomaõ, R.P.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, N.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Talbot, J.; Ter Steege, H.; Teran-Aguilar, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Toledo, M.; Torello-Raventos, M.; Umetsu, R.K.; Van Der Heijden, G.M.F.; Van Der Hout, P.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Zagt, R.J. |
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Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink |
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2015 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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519 |
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7543 |
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344-348 |
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models. © 2015 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. |
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Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra Nu 362Riberalta, Bolivia |
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Export Date: 1 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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591 |
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