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Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E.; Ramos, J. |
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Title |
Supplemental irrigation increases seedling performance and diversity in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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25 |
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171-180 |
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diversity; Estacion Biologica Los Amigos; habitat filtering; palms; Peru; precipitation; seasonality; seedling recruitment |
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Abstract  |
Diversity is positively correlated with water availability at global, continental and regional scales. With the objective of better understanding the mechanisms that drive these relationships. we investigated the degree to which variation in water availability affects the performance (recruitment, growth a rid survival) of juvenile trees. Precipitation was supplemented throughout two dry seasons in a seasonal moist forest in south-eastern Peru. Supplementing precipitation by 160 mm mo(-1), we increased soil moisture by 17%. To generate seedling communities or known species composition, we sowed 3840 seeds of 12 species. We monitored the fates of the 554 seedlings recruited from the sown seeds. as well as 1856 older non-sown seedlings (10 cm <= height < 50 cm), and 2353 saplings (> 1 m tall). Watering significantly enhanced young seedling growth and survival, increasing stern density and diversity. Watering diminished the recruitment of species associated with upland forests, but increased the survival of both upland- and lowland-associated species. Though supplemental watering increased the growth of older seedlings. their density and diversity were unaffected. Sapling performance was insensitive to watering. We infer that variation in dry-season water availability may affect seedling community structure by differentially affecting recruitment and increasing overall survival. These results suggest that differential seedling recruitment and survival may contribute to the observed relationships between water availability, habitat associations and patterns of tree species richness. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: timothy.paine@ecofog.gf |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000264212400006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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118 |
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Zinger, L.; Chave, J.; Coissac, E.; Iribar, A.; Louisanna, E.; Manzi, S.; Schilling, V.; Schimann, H.; Sommeria-Klein, G.; Taberlet, P. |
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Title |
Extracellular DNA extraction is a fast, cheap and reliable alternative for multi-taxa surveys based on soil DNA |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry |
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry |
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96 |
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16-19 |
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DNA extraction protocol; DNA metabarcoding; Multi-taxa biodiversity; Tropical forest |
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DNA metabarcoding on soil samples is increasingly used for large-scale and multi-taxa biodiversity studies. However, DNA extraction may be a major bottleneck for such wide uses. It should be cost/time effective and allow dealing with large sample volumes so as to maximise the representativeness of both micro- and macro-organisms diversity. Here, we compared the performances of a fast and cheap extracellular DNA extraction protocol with a total DNA extraction method in retrieving bacterial, eukaryotic and plant diversity from tropical soil samples of ca. 10 g. The total DNA extraction protocol yielded more high-quality DNA. Yet, the extracellular DNA protocol provided similar diversity assessments although it presented some differences in clades relative abundance and undersampling biases. We argue that extracellular DNA is a good compromise between cost, labor, and accuracy for high-throughput DNA metabarcoding studies of soil biodiversity. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. |
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INRA UMR ECOFOG, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 17 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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663 |
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Ménard, L.; McKey, D.; Mühlen, G.S.; Clair, B.; Rowe, N.P. |
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The Evolutionary Fate of Phenotypic Plasticity and Functional Traits under Domestication in Manioc: Changes in Stem Biomechanics and the Appearance of Stem Brittleness |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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9 |
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e74727 |
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Domestication can influence many functional traits in plants, from overall life-history and growth form to wood density and cell wall ultrastructure. Such changes can increase fitness of the domesticate in agricultural environments but may negatively affect survival in the wild. We studied effects of domestication on stem biomechanics in manioc by comparing domesticated and ancestral wild taxa from two different regions of greater Amazonia. We compared mechanical properties, tissue organisation and wood characteristics including microfibril angles in both wild and domesticated plants, each growing in two different habitats (forest or savannah) and varying in growth form (shrub or liana). Wild taxa grew as shrubs in open savannah but as lianas in overgrown and forested habitats. Growth form plasticity was retained in domesticated manioc. However, stems of the domesticate showed brittle failure. Wild plants differed in mechanical architecture between shrub and liana phenotypes, a difference that diminished between shrubs and lianas of the domesticate. Stems of wild plants were generally stiffer, failed at higher bending stresses and were less prone to brittle fracture compared with shrub and liana phenotypes of the domesticate. Biomechanical differences between stems of wild and domesticated plants were mainly due to changes in wood density and cellulose microfibril angle rather than changes in secondary growth or tissue geometry. Domestication did not significantly modify “large-scale” trait development or growth form plasticity, since both wild and domesticated manioc can develop as shrubs or lianas. However, “finer-scale” developmental traits crucial to mechanical stability and thus ecological success of the plant were significantly modified. This profoundly influenced the likelihood of brittle failure, particularly in long climbing stems, thereby also influencing the survival of the domesticate in natural situations vulnerable to mechanical perturbation. We discuss the different selective pressures that could explain evolutionary modifications of stem biomechanical properties under domestication in manioc. © 2013 Ménard et al. |
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CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 13 September 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e74727; Coden: Polnc; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074727; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rowe, N. P.; Université Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; email: nrowe@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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503 |
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Dutech, C.; Maggia, L.; Tardy, C.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana aublet in french guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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57 |
Issue |
12 |
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2753-2764 |
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allelic richness; caesalpinioideae; chloroplast DNA; climatic changes; cytonuclear disequilibrium; legummosae; microsatellite loci; tropical rainforest |
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Drier periods from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene have been hypothesized to have caused the disappearance of various rainforest species over large geographical areas in South America and restricted the extant populations to mesic sites. Subsequent improvement in climatic conditions has been associated with recolonization. Changes in population size associated with these extinction-recolonization events should have affected genetic diversity within species. However, these historical hypotheses and their genetic consequences have rarely been tested in South America. Here, we examine the diversity of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes in a Neotropical rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in French Guiana. The chloroplast diversity was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (six pairs of primers) in 29 populations distributed over most of French Guiana, and a subset of 17 populations was also analyzed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. To determine whether this species has experienced extinction-recolonization, we sampled populations in areas supposedly not or only slightly affected by climatic changes, where the populations would not have experienced frequent extinction, and in areas that appear to have been recently recolonized. In the putatively recolonized areas, we found patches of several thousands of hectares homogeneous for chloroplast variation that can be interpreted as the effect of recolonization processes from several geographical origins. In addition, we observed that, for both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the populations in newly recolonized areas exhibited a significantly smaller allelic richness than others. Controlling for geographic distance, we also detected a significant correlation between chloroplast and nuclear population differentiation. This result indicates a cytonuclear disequilibrium that can be interpreted as a historical signal of a genetic divergence between fragmented populations. In conclusion, the spatial genetic structure of contemporary V. americana populations shows evidence that this species has experienced large extinction-recolonization events, which were possibly caused by past climatic change. |
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CIRAD Foret, Silvolab, Ecol Mol, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: laruent.maggia@cirad.fr |
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SOC STUDY EVOLUTION |
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0014-3820 |
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ISI:000188061800007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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241 |
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Fu, T.; Touboul, D.; Della-Negra, S.; Houel, E.; Amusant, N.; Duplais, C.; Fisher, G.L.; Brunelle, A. |
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry Imaging and in Situ Characterization of Bioactive Wood Metabolites in Amazonian Tree Species Sextonia rubra |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Analytical Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal. Chem. |
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90 |
Issue |
12 |
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7535-7543 |
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Driven by a necessity for confident molecular identification at high spatial resolution, a new time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS) imaging instrument has been recently developed. In this paper, the superior MS/MS spectrometry and imaging capability of this new tool is shown for natural product study. For the first time, via in situ analysis of the bioactive metabolites rubrynolide and rubrenolide in Amazonian tree species Sextonia rubra (Lauraceae), we were able both to analyze and to image by tandem MS the molecular products of natural biosynthesis. Despite the low abundance of the metabolites in the wood sample(s), efficient MS/MS analysis of these γ-lactone compounds was achieved, providing high confidence in the identification and localization. In addition, tandem MS imaging minimized the mass interferences and revealed specific localization of these metabolites primarily in the ray parenchyma cells but also in certain oil cells and, further, revealed the presence of previously unidentified γ-lactone, paving the way for future studies in biosynthesis. |
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American Chemical Society |
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0003-2700 |
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doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01157 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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834 |
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Harper, Anna B. ; Williams, Karina E. ; McGuire, Patrick ; Duran Rojas, Maria Carolina ; Hemming, Debbie ; Verhoef, Anne ; Huntingford, Chris ; Rowland, Lucy ; Marthews, Toby ; Breder Eller, Cleiton ; Mathison, Camilla ; Nobrega, Rodolfo L.B. ; Gedney, Nicola ; Vidale, Pier Luigi ; Otu-Larbi, Fred ; Pandey, Divya |
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Improvement of modeling plant responses to low soil moisture in JULESvn4.9 and evaluation against flux tower measurements |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
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14 |
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6 |
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3269-3294 |
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Drought is predicted to increase in the future due to climate change, bringing with it myriad impacts on ecosystems. Plants respond to drier soils by reducing stomatal conductance in order to conserve water and avoid hydraulic damage. Despite the importance of plant drought responses for the global carbon cycle and local and regional climate feedbacks, land surface models are unable to capture observed plant responses to soil moisture stress. We assessed the impact of soil moisture stress on simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent energy flux (LE) in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) vn4.9 on seasonal and annual timescales and evaluated 10 different representations of soil moisture stress in the model. For the default configuration, GPP was more realistic in temperate biome sites than in the tropics or high-latitude (cold-region) sites, while LE was best simulated in temperate and high-latitude (cold) sites. Errors that were not due to soil moisture stress, possibly linked to phenology, contributed to model biases for GPP in tropical savanna and deciduous forest sites. We found that three alternative approaches to calculating soil moisture stress produced more realistic results than the default parameterization for most biomes and climates. All of these involved increasing the number of soil layers from 4 to 14 and the soil depth from 3.0 to 10.8 m. In addition, we found improvements when soil matric potential replaced volumetric water content in the stress equation (the “soil14psi” experiments), when the critical threshold value for inducing soil moisture stress was reduced (“soil14p0”), and when plants were able to access soil moisture in deeper soil layers (“soil14_dr*2”). For LE, the biases were highest in the default configuration in temperate mixed forests, with overestimation occurring during most of the year. At these sites, reducing soil moisture stress (with the new parameterizations mentioned above) increased LE and increased model biases but improved the simulated seasonal cycle and brought the monthly variance closer to the measured variance of LE. Further evaluation of the reason for the high bias in LE at many of the sites would enable improvements in both carbon and energy fluxes with new parameterizations for soil moisture stress. Increasing the soil depth and plant access to deep soil moisture improved many aspects of the simulations, and we recommend these settings in future work using JULES or as a general way to improve land surface carbon and water fluxes in other models. In addition, using soil matric potential presents the opportunity to include plant functional type-specific parameters to further improve modeled fluxes. |
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European Geosciences Union |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1057 |
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Levionnois, S.; Jansen, S.; Wandji, R.T.; Beauchêne, J.; Ziegler, C.; Coste, S.; Stahl, C.; Delzon, S.; Authier, L.; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
Linking drought-induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytol. |
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229 |
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3 |
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1453-1466 |
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bordered pits; drought-induced embolism; pit membrane; transmission electron microscopy; tropical trees; vessel grouping; xylem anatomy |
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Drought-induced xylem embolism is considered to be one of the main factors driving mortality in woody plants worldwide. Although several structure–functional mechanisms have been tested to understand the anatomical determinants of embolism resistance, there is a need to study this topic by integrating anatomical data for many species. We combined optical, laser, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure for 26 tropical rainforest tree species across three major clades (magnoliids, rosiids, and asteriids). We then related these anatomical observations to previously published data on drought-induced embolism resistance, with phylogenetic analyses. Vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure were all predictive of xylem embolism resistance, but with weak predictive power. While pit membrane thickness was a predictive trait when vestured pits were taken into account, the pit membrane diameter-to-thickness ratio suggests a strong importance of the deflection resistance of the pit membrane. However, phylogenetic analyses weakly support adaptive coevolution. Our results emphasize the functional significance of pit membranes for air-seeding in tropical rainforest trees, highlighting also the need to study their mechanical properties due to the link between embolism resistance and pit membrane diameter-to-thickness ratio. Finding support for adaptive coevolution also remains challenging. © 2020 The Authors New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Foundation |
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UMR BIOGECO, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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997 |
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Talaga, S.; Dezerald, O.; Carteron, A.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. |
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Urbanization impacts the taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in a small Neotropical city |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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20 |
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5 |
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1001-1009 |
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Aedes aegypti; Bioindicator; Diversity; Functional traits; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology |
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Due to habitat fragmentation, resource disruption and pollution, urbanization is one of the most destructive forms of anthropization affecting ecosystems worldwide. Generally, human-mediated perturbations dramatically alter species diversity in urban sites compared to the surroundings, thus influencing the functioning of the entire ecosystem. We investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in tank bromeliads by comparing those found in a small Neotropical city with those from an adjacent rural site. Changes in the quality of detrital inputs in relation to lower tree diversity and the presence of synanthropic species are likely important driving forces behind the observed structural changes in the urban site. Leaf-litter processors (i.e., shredders, scrapers) were positively affected in the urban site, while filter-feeders that process smaller particles produced by the activity of the shredders were negatively affected. Because we cannot ascertain whether the decline in filter-feeders is related to food web-mediated effects or to competitive exclusion (Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were present in urban bromeliads only), further studies are necessary to account for the effects of intra-guild competition or inter-guild facilitation. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York. |
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Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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776 |
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Rifflet, A.; Tene, N.; Orivel, J.; Treilhou, M.; Dejean, A.; Vetillard, A. |
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Paralyzing Action from a Distance in an Arboreal African Ant Species |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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12 |
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e28571 |
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Due to their prowess in interspecific competition and ability to catch a wide range of arthropod prey (mostly termites with which they are engaged in an evolutionary arms race), ants are recognized as a good model for studying the chemicals involved in defensive and predatory behaviors. Ants' wide diversity of nesting habits and relationships with plants and prey types implies that these chemicals are also very diverse. Using the African myrmicine ant Crematogaster striatula as our focal species, we adopted a three-pronged research approach. We studied the aggressive and predatory behaviors of the ant workers, conducted bioassays on the effect of their Dufour gland contents on termites, and analyzed these contents. (1) The workers defend themselves or eliminate termites by orienting their abdominal tip toward the opponent, stinger protruded. The chemicals emitted, apparently volatile, trigger the recruitment of nestmates situated in the vicinity and act without the stinger having to come into direct contact with the opponent. Whereas alien ants competing with C. striatula for sugary food sources are repelled by this behavior and retreat further and further away, termites defend their nest whatever the danger. They face down C. striatula workers and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. (2) The bioassays showed that the toxicity of the Dufour gland contents acts in a time-dependent manner, leading to the irreversible paralysis, and, ultimately, death of the termites. (3) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the Dufour gland contains a mixture of mono- or polyunsaturated long-chain derivatives, bearing functional groups like oxo-alcohols or oxo-acetates. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed the presence of a molecule of 1584 Da that might be a large, acetylated alkaloid capable of splitting into smaller molecules that could be responsible for the final degree of venom toxicity. |
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Public Library of Science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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376 |
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Baudrimont, M.; Arini, A.; Guégan, C.; Venel, Z.; Gigault, J.; Pedrono, B.; Prunier, J.; Maurice, L.; Ter Halle, A.; Feurtet-Mazel, A. |
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Title |
Ecotoxicity of polyethylene nanoplastics from the North Atlantic oceanic gyre on freshwater and marine organisms (microalgae and filter-feeding bivalves) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3746-3755 |
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Keywords |
Cordicula fluminea; Ecotoxicity; Nanoplastics; Polyethylene; Scenedesmus subspicatus; Thalassiosira weissiflogii; bivalve; concentration (composition); ecotoxicology; filter feeder; gyre; microalga; nanoparticle; plastic waste; pollution exposure; polymer; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Bivalvia; Chlorophyta; Corbicula fluminea; Desmodesmus subspicatus; Nitzschia alba; Thalassiosira |
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Abstract |
Each year, 5 to 10 million tons of plastic waste is dumped in the oceans via freshwaters and accumulated in huge oceanic gyres. Under the effect of several abiotic factors, macro plastic wastes (or plastic wastes with macro sizes) are fractionated into microplastics (MP) and finally reach the nanometric size (nanoplastic NP). To reveal potential toxic impacts of these NPs, two microalgae, Scenedemus subspicatus (freshwater green algae), and Thalassiosira weissiflogii (marine diatom) were exposed for up to 48 h at 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 μg/L to reference polyethylene NPs (PER) or NPs made from polyethylene collected in the North Atlantic gyre (PEN, 7th continent expedition in 2015). Freshwater filter-feeding bivalves, Corbicula fluminea, were exposed to 1000 μg/L of PER and PEN for 48 h to study a possible modification of their filtration or digestion capacity. The results show that PER and PEN do not influence the cell growth of T. weissiflogii, but the PEN exposure causes growth inhibition of S. subspicatus for all exposure concentrations tested. This growth inhibition is enhanced for a higher concentration of PER or PEN (10,000 μg/L) in S. subspicatus. The marine diatom T. weissiflogii appears to be less impacted by plastic pollution than the green algae S. subspicatus for the exposure time. Exposure to NPs does not lead to any alteration of bivalve filtration; however, fecal and pseudo-fecal production increased after PEN exposure, suggesting the implementation of rejection mechanisms for inedible particles. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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Address |
UMR IMRCP 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118, route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France |
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Springer |
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ISSN |
09441344 (Issn) |
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Notes |
Cited By :1; Export Date: 23 March 2020; Coden: Esple; Correspondence Address: Baudrimont, M.; UMR EPOC 5805, Université de Bordeaux—CNRS, Place du Dr Peyneau, France; email: magalie.baudrimont@u-bordeaux.fr |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
925 |
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