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Schmitt, Sylvain ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Hérault, Bruno ; Heuertz, Myriam |
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Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely related species in two tropical tree species complexes |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Molecular Ecology |
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30 |
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20 |
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5080-5093 |
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Closely related tree species that grow in sympatry are abundant in rainforests. However, little is known of the ecoevolutionary processes that govern their niches and local coexistence. We assessed genetic species delimitation in closely related sympatric species belonging to two Neotropical tree species complexes and investigated their genomic adaptation to a fine-scale topographic gradient with associated edaphic and hydrologic features. Combining LiDAR-derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome-wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype-environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively. Within species complexes, closely related tree species had different realized optima for topographic niches defined through the topographic wetness index or the relative elevation, and species displayed genetic signatures of adaptations to these niches. Symphonia species were genetically differentiated along water and nutrient distribution particularly in genes responding to water deprivation, whereas Eschweilera species were genetically differentiated according to soil chemistry. Our results suggest that varied topography represents a powerful driver of processes modulating tropical forest biodiversity with differential adaptations that stabilize local coexistence of closely related tree species. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1045 |
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Rowland, L.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.; Siebicke, L.; Williams, M.; Meir, P. |
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Title |
The Response of Tropical Rainforest Dead Wood Respiration to Seasonal Drought |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Ecosystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosystems |
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16 |
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7 |
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1294-1309 |
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Amazon rainforest; coarse woody debris; respiration; seasonal drought; soil water content; woody moisture content |
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Coarse woody debris (CWD, dead wood sections ≥10 cm diameter) represents a large store of carbon in tropical forests; however, estimates of the flux of carbon from CWD in these forests remain poorly constrained. The objective of this study was to resolve the dry/wet season response of respiration in CWD (Rcwd), and investigate the importance of biotic and abiotic factors for predicting the seasonal change of Rcwd at the ecosystem level. This study presents a 4-month time series of Rcwd measurements conducted on 42 dead trees (26 species) at the Paracou Research Station in French Guiana. Rcwd measurements were repeated 13 times on each CWD sample from July to November 2011, spanning the transition from wet to dry season, and then from dry season to the following wet season. Seasonal drought caused monthly Rcwd to drop by 20.5 ± 5.1% over the wet-dry transition. Changes in woody tissue moisture content explained 41.9% of the measured seasonal variability in Rcwd, but 60% of the seasonal variability in mean forest Rcwd rates could be modelled using surface soil water content. We estimate that Rcwd is approximately 5% of annual ecosystem respiration (Reco) and that seasonal variations in Rcwd contribute appreciably to seasonal variations of Reco, and should be included in functional models simulating the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to current and future climate. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York. |
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Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia |
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14329840 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 18 October 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ecosf; doi: 10.1007/s10021-013-9684-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rowland, L.; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; email: lucy.rowland@ed.ac.uk; Funding Details: NE/F002149/1, NERC, Natural Environment Research Council; Funding Details: NE/J011002/1, NERC, Natural Environment Research Council; Funding Details: FT110100457, ARC, Australian Research Council |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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506 |
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Thevenin, J.-M.; Rossi, V.; Ducamp, M.; Doare, F.; Condina, V.; Lachenaud, P. |
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Numerous clones resistant to Phytophthora palmivora in the “Guiana” genetic group of Theobroma cacao L |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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7 |
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e40915 |
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Cocoa black pod rot, a disease caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, and particularly by the pan-tropical species P. palmivora, causes serious production losses worldwide. In order to reduce the impact of these pests and diseases, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties and, to that end, breeders seek sources of resistance in wild cocoa trees. For instance, surveys of spontaneous cocoa trees in French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 led to the collection of abundant plant material forming a particular genetic group (the “Guiana” group). Following numerous one-off studies demonstrating the merits of this group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora, this article presents the results of a comprehensive study assessing the resistance of 186 “Guiana” clones in relation to the Guianan strain (GY 27) of P. palmivora. This study, undertaken in French Guiana, using an efficient methodology (ten series of tests and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the data) confirmed that the “Guiana” genetic group does indeed constitute an important source of resistance to P. palmivora, though with some variations depending on the demes of origin. Numerous clones (59) proved to be as resistant as the SCAVINA 6 resistance control, whilst nine were statistically more resistant. The “Resistant” and “Moderately Resistant” Guianan clones totalled 108 (58% of the total tested). Some of the clones more resistant than SCAVINA 6 could be incorporated into numerous cocoa breeding programmes, particularly those that also display other notable qualities. The same applies for numerous other clones equivalent to SCAVINA 6, especially the “elite”' clones GU 134-B, GU 139-A and GU 285-A. © 2012 Thevenin et al. |
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CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e40915; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040915; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Thevenin, J.-M.; CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs: Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, Kourou, Guyane, France; email: jean-marc.thevenin@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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423 |
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Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. For. Sci. |
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62 |
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7 |
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625-632 |
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Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
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Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000233179100003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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251 |
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Herault, B.; Bornet, A.; Tremolieres, M. |
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Redundancy and niche differentiation among the European invasive Elodea species |
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2008 |
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Biological Invasions |
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Biol. Invasions |
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10 |
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7 |
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1099-1107 |
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biological traits; functional equivalence; invasivness; niche overlapping; waterweeds |
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Community ecologists implicitly assume redundancy when they aggregate species into functional groups. But there have been remarkably few empirical efforts to investigate the accuracy of this concept in situ. The concept of redundancy could be roughly split into two components: the ecological redundancy (similar response to environmental variations involving similar ecological processes) and the functional redundancy (similar biological trait combinations shaping similar functional processes). Both types of redundancy are tested among the 3 invasive European Elodeas. In 11 sites and during two successive years 2004-2005, the cover growth rate of each Elodea species was monthly recorded. To test ecological redundancy, cover growth rates were related to a large suite of environmental variables. To test functional redundancy, 13 biological traits involved in competitive relationships were measured each month. Firstly, the redundancy hypothesis looks problematic for Elodea ernstiae. Indeed, the later possess numerous biological traits involved in light competition and niche overlap with the other Elodeas is very low. Secondly, ecological and functional redundancy can be successfully applied to Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii. They share a large suite of biological traits leading to wide niche overlaps through the growing season. And the measured environmental variables do not differentially influence their growth rates, which are, in turn, controlled by a similar group of biological traits. In this way, the different invasiveness patterns of E. canadensis and E. nuttallii could be solely due to the ecological drift and their ecological dynamic could follow neutral rules. |
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[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Bruno.Herault@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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1387-3547 |
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ISI:000258704400015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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131 |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Leroy, C.; Humblot, P.; Dejean, A.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Limited gene dispersal and spatial genetic structure as stabilizing factors in an ant-plant mutualism |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Evolutionary Biology |
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J. Evol. Biol. |
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29 |
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12 |
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2519-2529 |
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gene flow; local adaptation; metapopulation; myrmecophyte; population genetics |
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Comparative studies of the population genetics of closely associated species are necessary to properly understand the evolution of these relationships because gene flow between populations affects the partners' evolutionary potential at the local scale. As a consequence (at least for antagonistic interactions), asymmetries in the strength of the genetic structures of the partner populations can result in one partner having a co-evolutionary advantage. Here, we assess the population genetic structure of partners engaged in a species-specific and obligatory mutualism: the Neotropical ant-plant, Hirtella physophora, and its ant associate, Allomerus decemarticulatus. Although the ant cannot complete its life cycle elsewhere than on H. physophora and the plant cannot live for long without the protection provided by A. decemarticulatus, these species also have antagonistic interactions: the ants have been shown to benefit from castrating their host plant and the plant is able to retaliate against too virulent ant colonies. We found similar short dispersal distances for both partners, resulting in the local transmission of the association and, thus, inbred populations in which too virulent castrating ants face the risk of local extinction due to the absence of H. physophora offspring. On the other hand, we show that the plant populations probably experienced greater gene flow than did the ant populations, thus enhancing the evolutionary potential of the plants. We conclude that such levels of spatial structure in the partners' populations can increase the stability of the mutualistic relationship. Indeed, the local transmission of the association enables partial alignments of the partners' interests, and population connectivity allows the plant retaliation mechanisms to be locally adapted to the castration behaviour of their symbionts. |
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1420-9101 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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710 |
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Ponton, S.; Flanagan, L.B.; Alstad, K.P.; Johnson, B.G.; Morgenstern, K.; Kljun, N.; Black, T.A.; Barr, A.G. |
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Comparison of ecosystem water-use efficiency among Douglas-fir forest, aspen forest and grassland using eddy covariance and carbon isotope techniques |
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2006 |
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Global Change Biology |
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Glob. Change Biol. |
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12 |
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2 |
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294-310 |
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boreal forest; conifer forest; eddy covariance; grassland; stable isotopes |
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Comparisons were made among Douglas-fir forest, aspen (broad leaf deciduous) forest and wheatgrass (C-3) grassland for ecosystem-level water-use efficiency (WUE). WUE was defined as the ratio of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate and evapotranspiration (ET) rate. The ET data measured by eddy covariance were screened so that they overwhelmingly represented transpiration. The three sites used in this comparison spanned a range of vegetation (plant functional) types and environmental conditions within western Canada. When compared in the relative order Douglas-fir (located on Vancouver Island, BC), aspen (northern Saskatchewan), grassland (southern Alberta), the sites demonstrated a progressive decline in precipitation and a general increase in maximum air temperature and atmospheric saturation deficit (D-max) during the mid-summer. The average (+/- SD) WUE at the grassland site was 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmol mol(-1), which was much lower than the average values observed for the two other sites (aspen: 5.4 +/- 2.3, Douglas-fir: 8.1 +/- 2.4). The differences in WUE among sites were primarily because of variation in ET. The highest maximum ET rates were approximately 5, 3.2 and 2.7 mm day(-1) for the grassland, aspen and Douglas-fir sites, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between WUE and D-max for all sites. We also made seasonal measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (delta(R)) in order to test for the expected correlation between shifts in environmental conditions and changes to the ecosystem-integrated ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (c(i)/c(a)). There was a consistent increase in delta(R) values in the grassland, aspen forest and Douglas-fir forest associated with a seasonal reduction in soil moisture. Comparisons were made between WUE measured using eddy covariance with that calculated based on D and delta(R) measurements. There was excellent agreement between WUE values calculated using the two techniques. Our delta(R) measurements indicated that c(i)/c(a) values were quite similar among the Douglas-fir, aspen and grassland sites, despite large variation in environmental conditions among sites. This implied that the shorter-lived grass species had relatively high c(i)/c(a) values for the D of their habitat. By contrast, the longer-lived Douglas-fir trees were more conservative in water-use with lower c(i)/c(a) values relative to their habitat D. This illustrates the interaction between biological and environmental characteristics influencing ecosystem-level WUE. The strong correlation we observed between the two independent measurements of WUE, indicates that the stable isotope composition of respired CO2 is a useful ecosystem-scale tool to help study constraints to photosynthesis and acclimation of ecosystems to environmental stress. |
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Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada, Email: larry.flanagan@uleth.ca |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000234974900013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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226 |
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Baraloto, C.; Alverga, P.; Quispe, S.B.; Barnes, G.; Chura, N.B.; Da Silva, I.B.; Castro, W.; Da Souza, H.; De Souza Moll, I.; Del Alcazar Chilo, J.; Linares, H.D.; Quispe, J.G.; Kenji, D.; Medeiros, H.; Murphy, S.; Rockwell, C.A.; Shenkin, A.; Silveira, M.; Southworth, J.; Vasquez, G.; Perz, S. |
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Trade-offs among forest value components in community forests of southwestern Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Ecology and Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Society |
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19 |
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4 |
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56 |
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Açai; Biodiversity conservation; Brazil nut; Carbon stocks; Livelihood; Ntfp; Redd; Rubber; Timber; Tropical rainforest |
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Contemporary conservation interventions must balance potential trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services. In tropical forests, much attention has focused on the extent to which carbon-based conservation provided by REDD+ policies can also mitigate biodiversity conservation. In the nearly one-third of tropical forests that are community owned or managed, conservation strategies must also balance the multiple uses of forest products that support local livelihoods. Although much discussion has focused on policy options, little empirical evidence exists to evaluate the potential for trade-offs among different tropical forest value components. We assessed multiple components of forest value, including tree diversity, carbon stocks, and both timber and nontimber forest product resources, in forest communities across the trinational frontier of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. We installed 69 0.5-ha vegetation plots in local communities, and we characterized 15 components of forest value for each plot. Principal components analyses revealed two major axes of forest value, the first of which defined a trade-off between diversity of woody plant communities (taxonomic and functional) versus aboveground biomass and standing timber volume. The second axis described abundance of commercial species, with strong positive loadings for density of timber and nontimber forest products, including Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.). The observed trade-off between different components of forest value suggests a potential for management conflicts prioritizing biodiversity conservation versus carbon stocks in the region. We discuss the potential for integrative indices of forest value for tropical forest conservation. |
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Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, United States |
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Export Date: 23 March 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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589 |
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Letort, V.; Heuret, P.; Zalamea, P.-C.; De Reffye, P.; Nicolini, E. |
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Analysing the effects of local environment on the source-sink balance of Cecropia sciadophylla: A methodological approach based on model inversion |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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2 |
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167-180 |
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Cecropia; Functional-structural model; Model inversion; Morphology; Trophic competition |
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Context Functional-structural models (FSM) of tree growth have great potential in forestry, but their development, calibration and validation are hampered by the difficulty of collecting experimental data at organ scale for adult trees. Due to their simple architecture and morphological properties, “model plants” such as Cecropia sciadophylla are of great interest to validate new models and methodologies, since exhaustive descriptions of their plant structure and mass partitioning can be gathered. Aims Our objective was to develop a model-based approach to analysing the influence of environmental conditions on the dynamics of trophic competition within C. sciadophylla trees. Methods We defined an integrated environmental factor that includes meteorological medium-frequency variations and a relative index representing the local site conditions for each plant. This index is estimated based on model inversion of the GreenLab FSM using data from 11 trees for model calibration and 7 trees for model evaluation. Results The resulting model explained the dynamics of biomass allocation to different organs during the plant growth, according to the environmental pressure they experienced. Perspectives By linking the integrated environmental factor to a competition index, an extension of the model to the population level could be considered. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. |
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UMR ECOFOG Campus Agronomique, INRA, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0131-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Letort, V.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Systems (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande voie des Vignes, Chatenay-Malabry 92295, France; email: veronique.letort@centraliens.net |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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405 |
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Author |
Lefèvre, F.; Boivin, T.; Bontemps, A.; Courbet, F.; Davi, H.; Durand-Gillmann, M.; Fady, B.; Gauzere, J.; Gidoin, C.; Karam, M.-J.; Pichot, C.; Oddou-Muratorio, S.; Pichot, C. |
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Title |
Considering evolutionary processes in adaptive forestry |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann For Sci |
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71 |
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7 |
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723-739 |
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Adaptation; Climate change; Evolution-oriented forest management; Genetic resources; Silviculture |
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Abstract |
Context: Managing forests under climate change requires adaptation. The adaptive capacity of forest tree populations is huge but not limitless. Integrating evolutionary considerations into adaptive forestry practice will enhance the capacity of managed forests to respond to climate-driven changes.
Aims: Focusing on natural regeneration systems, we propose a general framework that can be used in various and complex local situations by forest managers, in combination with their own expertise, to integrate evolutionary considerations into decision making for the emergence of an evolution-oriented forestry.
Methods: We develop a simple process-based analytical grid, using few processes and parameters, to analyse the impact of forestry practice on the evolution and evolvability of tree populations.
Results: We review qualitative and, whenever possible, quantitative expectations on the intensity of evolutionary drivers in forest trees. Then, we review the effects of actual and potential forestry practice on the evolutionary processes. We illustrate the complexity of interactions in two study cases: the evolutionary consequences for forest trees of biotic interactions and of highly heterogeneous environment.
Conclusion: Evolution-oriented forestry may contribute adapting forests to climate change. It requires combining short-term and long-term objectives. We propose future lines of research and experimentation. |
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INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFM, Domaine Saint Paul, Site AgroparcAvignon Cedex 9, France |
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Cited By :2; Export Date: 13 January 2015 |
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580 |
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