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Author |
Lehnebach, R.; Doumerc, L.; Clair, B.; Alméras, T. |
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Title |
Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Botany |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Bot. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
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Keywords |
Bark anatomical structure; Mechanical stress; Sclereids; Secondary phloem; Tree biomechanics; Tropical species |
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Abstract |
Recent studies have shown that the inner bark is implicated in the postural control of inclined tree stems through the interaction between wood radial growth and tangential expansion of a trellis fiber network in bark. Assessing the taxonomic extent of this mechanism requires a screening of the diversity in bark anatomy and mechanical stress. The mechanical state of bark was measured in 15 tropical tree species from various botanical families on vertical mature trees, and related to the anatomical structure of the bark. Significant tensile or compressive longitudinal stresses were observed in the stems of most species. Tensile longitudinal stress was observed in various botanical families and was always associated with fibers arranged in a trellis-like structure and strong dilatation of rays. The highest tensile stress was recorded in species with gelatinous fibers forming a treillis. Compressive stress was typically associated with a large amount of sclereids in the bark, supporting the differentiation of sclereids as a potential origin of the generation of longitudinal compressive stresses in bark. In species exhibiting both a fibrous trellis structure and a significant amount of sclereids, the sign of longitudinal stress may depend on the balance between these two mechanisms. |
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Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Woodlab, Coupure Links 653, Gent, B-9000, Belgium |
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Canadian Science Publishing |
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19162804 (Issn) |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 20 January 2020; Correspondence Address: Lehnebach, R.; Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 860 rue de St. Priest, France; email: lehnebach.romain@hotmail.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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913 |
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Ghislain, B.; Nicolini, E.-A.; Romain, R.; Ruelle, J.; Yoshinaga, A.; Alford, M.H.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Multilayered structure of tension wood cell walls in Salicaceae sensu lato and its taxonomic significance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. |
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Volume |
182 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
744-756 |
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Keywords |
Flacourtiaceae; G-layer; multilayered tension wood; reaction wood |
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Abstract |
Salicaceae have been enlarged to include a majority of the species formerly placed in the polyphyletic tropical Flacourtiaceae. Several studies have reported a peculiar and infrequently formed multilayered structure of tension wood in four of the tropical genera. Tension wood is a tissue produced by trees to restore their vertical orientation and most studies have focused on trees developing tension wood by means of cellulose-rich, gelatinous fibres, as in Populus and Salix (Salicaceae s.s.). This study aims to determine if the multilayered structure of tension wood is an anatomical characteristic common in other Salicaceae and, if so, how its distribution correlates to phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, we studied the tension wood of 14 genera of Salicaceae and two genera of Achariaceae, one genus of Goupiaceae and one genus of Lacistemataceae, families closely related to Salicaceae or formerly placed in Flacourtiaceae. Opposite wood and tension wood were compared with light microscopy and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicate that a multilayered structure of tension wood is common in the family except in Salix, Populus and one of their closest relatives, Idesia polycarpa. We suggest that tension wood may be a useful anatomical character in understanding phylogenetic relationships in Salicaceae. Further investigation is still needed on the tension wood of several other putatively close relatives of Salix and Populus, in particular Bennettiodendron, Macrohasseltia and Itoa. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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718 |
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Roux, O.; Le Lann, C.; van Alphen, J.J.M.; van Baaren, J. |
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Title |
How does heat shock affect the life history traits of adults and progeny of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius avenae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Entomological Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull. Entomol. Res. |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
543-549 |
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Keywords |
developmental rate; fecundity; heat stress; longevity; sex-specific effect; parasitic wasp |
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Because insects are ectotherms, their physiology, behaviour and fitness are influenced by the ambient temperature. Any changes in environmental temperatures may impact the fitness and life history traits of insects and, thus, affect population dynamics. Here, we experimentally tested the impact of heat shock on the fitness and life history traits of adults of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius avenae and on the later repercussions for their progeny. Our results show that short exposure (1h) to an elevated temperature (36 degrees C), which is frequently experienced by parasitoids during the summer, resulted in high mortality rates in a parasitoid population and strongly affected the fitness of survivors by drastically reducing reproductive output and triggering a sex-dependent effect on lifespan. Heat stress resulted in greater longevity in surviving females and in shorter longevity in surviving males in comparison with untreated individuals. Viability and the developmental rates of progeny were also affected in a sex-dependent manner. These results underline the ecological importance of the thermal stress response of parasitoid species, not only for survival, but also for maintaining reproductive activities. |
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[Roux, O.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Ecol Fonct, UMR 5245 CNRS UPS INPT, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France, Email: oroux@cict.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0007-4853 |
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ISI:000282077700005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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42 |
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Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Gibernau, M.; Leponce, M.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Nest relocation and high mortality rate in a Neotropical social wasp: Impact of an exceptionally rainy La Nina year |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
333 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35-40 |
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Keywords |
Vespidae; Population size variation; Microevolution; La Nina; French Guiana |
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After noting the forecast of a La Nina episode, associated with heavy rainfall in French Guiana, we monitored the fate of wasp nests before and during the 2006 short rainy season. The population of the most abundant epiponine wasp species, Polybia bistriata, decreased dramatically during the short rainy season (60.6% of the nests disappeared) then remained low for at least 18 months. Colonies that survived moved from the shelter of large, low leaves (a situation well adapted to the previous dry season) of the most frequent substrate tree, Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae), to upper leaves, better ventilated and whose orientation provides good protection from the rain. Therefore, the possibility of moving the nest higher during the first rains following the dry season seems very adaptive as colonies that do not do so are eliminated during the La Nina years, whose frequency will increase with global climate change. (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Dejean, Alain; Gibernau, Marc] CNRS, UMR Ecofog 8172, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000275984200006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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64 |
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Delabie, J.H.C.; Cereghino, R.; Groc, S.; Dejean, A.; Gibernau, M.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Ants as biological indicators of Wayana Amerindian land use in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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332 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
673-684 |
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Landscape ecology; Traditional land use; Formicidae; Rapid assessment; Pit-fall traps; Self-Organizing Maps |
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Abstract |
We examined the ecological impact of traditional land use by Wayana Amerindians in French Guiana using ants as bio-indicators. Ants were sampled through a rapid assessment method and the core results analyzed using Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM). Our sample sites included: (1) a Wayana village; (2) a cassava plantation; (3) an abandoned cassava plantation; (4) a forest fragment near the village; (5) a riparian forest; and (6) a primary terra firma forest. The ant diversity decreases according to the decree to which the habitat is disturbed. The SOM allowed us to compare the ecological succession between the six habitats. The protocol used is robust since the same conclusions were drawn using partial data. To cite this article: J.H.C Delabie et al., C R. Biologies 332 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Groc, Sarah; Dejean, Andrea; Dejean, Alain] CNRS, UMR 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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Notes |
ISI:000267243700009 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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109 |
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Author |
Corbara, B.; Carpenter, J.M.; Cereghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Gibernau, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Diversity and nest site selection of social wasps along Guianese forest edges: assessing the influence of arboreal ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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332 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
470-479 |
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Keywords |
Polistinae; Diversity; Nest site selection; Ant-wasp-plant interactions; French Guiana |
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Abstract |
monitored), and estimate that we recorded up to 73% of the local social wasp fauna. This baseline study was complemented by a long-term survey of the same area and the examination of isolated trees (permitting us to record two additional species, resulting in a total of 63 wasp species). Our results form a continuum from species avoiding nesting on any plant (6.5% of the wasp species) to species nesting on plants but avoiding those sheltering ant nests (82%), to, finally, wasps nesting in association with arboreal ants known to divert army ant raids (11.5%). Consequently, this study documents that most wasp species select plants possibly repulsive to arboreal ants, while associations with arboreal ants, although confirmed here, have been overrepresented in the literature. To cite this article: B. Corbara et al., C. R. Biologies 332 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS Guyane, UPS 2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: bruno.corbara@univ-bpclermont.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000266021400007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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113 |
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McClure, M.; Chouteau, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Territorial aggressiveness on the arboreal ant Azteca alfari by Camponotus blandus in French Guiana due to behavioural constraints |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
331 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
663-667 |
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Keywords |
Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae); Camponotus blandus (Formicinae); foraging; rhythm of activity; territorial aggressiveness |
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This study reports new information on interactions between two sympatric ant species, the plant-ant Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae) living in association with the myrmecophyte Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) and Camponotus blandus (Formicinae), a ground-nesting, arboreal-foraging species. Workers of A. alfari forage only on the foliage and the tipper parts of the trunk of their host Cecropia, while C. blandus nests in the ground but frequently forages and patrols pioneer tree foliage, including Cecropia. The activity pattern of A. alfari and the number of C. blandus on Cecropia obtusa was monitored hourly during a two-day period in a disturbed area in French Guiana. The maximum activity of C. blandus occurred between 8:30 and 12:30, at which time A. alfari had retreated within the domatia and were least present on the trunks. Even though aggressive confrontations were observed, C. blandus workers often initiate confrontations but do not prey on A. alfari nor exploit food bodies produced by Cecropia, the principal food source of A. alfari. Hence hostility appears to be the result of territoriality. Differences in their foraging rhythms are proposed as promoting resource and territory partitioning in this ant assemblage. |
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[McClure, Melanie] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada, Email: m_mcclur@alcor.concordia.ca |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000259290200004 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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130 |
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Dejean, A.; Moreau, C.S.; Kenne, M.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
The raiding success of Pheidole megacephala on other ants in both its native and introduced ranges |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
331 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
631-635 |
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Keywords |
invasive ants; predation; raiding other ants; recruitment |
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We studied the behaviour of the invasive African myrmicine ant, Pheidole megacephala, when confronted with colonies of other common ant species in Cameroon, a part of its native range, and in Mexico, where it has been introduced. P. megacephala raided the nests of the other ants in both cases. Eleven species out of 12 put up a rather strong resistance to raiding P. megacephala workers in Cameroon compared to only three species out of 11 in Mexico, where only colonies of Solenopsis geminata, Dorymyrmex pyramicus and Dolichoderus bispinosus resisted these raids. We conclude that P. megacephala's heightened ability to successfully raid colonies of competing ants may help explain its success and the decline of native ants in areas where it has been introduced. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS Guyane, UPS 2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000258523200008 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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210 |
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Martin, J.M.; Roux, O.; Groc, S.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
A type of unicoloniality within the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
334 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
307-310 |
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Keywords |
Ants; Solenopsis saevissima; Native range; Unicoloniality |
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To determine if a type of unicoloniality exists in the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range, we conducted intraspecific aggressiveness tests in French Guiana between workers originating from 15 human-disturbed sites. We identified two “colonial groups” spread over 54 km and 12.5 km, respectively. Workers from the same group never attacked each other, but inter-group confrontations resulted in a high level of aggressiveness. These large “colonial groups” enhances the threat occasioned by S. saevissima for both agriculture and the environment. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Martin, Jean-Michel; Roux, Olivier; Groc, Sarah; Dejean, Alain] Ecol Forets de Guyane UMR CNRS 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000290364200007 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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314 |
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Author |
Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
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Title |
Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
334 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
393-402 |
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Keywords |
Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
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Abstract |
The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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