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Leponce, Maurice ; Dejean, Alain ; Mottl, Ondrej ; Klimes, Petr |
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Title |
Rapid assessment of the three-dimensional distribution of dominant arboreal ants in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Insect Conservation and Diversity |
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14 |
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4 |
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426-438 |
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Ants are omnipresent in tropical forests, especially territorially dominant arboreal ants whose territories are spatially segregated forming ‘ant mosaics’. These ecologically important species are rarely used in conservation monitoring because of the difficulty in collecting them. We developed a standardised baitline protocol to study the distribution of dominant ants on canopy trees and also a procedure to objectively define species dominance, even in unknown ant assemblages.
Besides eliminating the need to climb trees, this protocol allows live arboreal ant specimens to be sampled at different heights. Behavioural aggressiveness assays between the collected workers provide data on the three-dimensional distribution of colonies and on interactions between species. We compared the results of the behavioural tests to those from null models.
In the New Guinean lowland forest studied, we show that the canopy was either shared by multiple territorial species or inhabited by a single species with a large territory. The baitline protocol collected up to half of the arboreal ant species found in a felling census. However, the proportion of species collected at baits decreased with the increasing spatial dominance of single territorial species.
Behavioural observations used in the protocol allowed a more efficient detection of ant mosaics than null models. Territorially dominant ants were active on both understorey and canopy trees.
The protocol is fast and easy to replicate. It is a potential tool for understanding and monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of arboreal ant assemblages and can detect populous colonies, including those of invasive species |
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Royal Entomological Society |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1047 |
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Teixeia, G. A. ; de Aguiar, H.J.A.C. ; Petitclerc, F. ; Orivel, J. ; Lopes, D.M. ; Barros, L.A.C. |
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Evolutionary insights into the genomic organization of major ribosomal DNA in ant chromosomes |
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2021 |
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Insect Molecular Biology |
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30 |
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3 |
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340-354 |
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The major rDNA genes are composed of tandem repeats and are part of the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). They are highly conserved and therefore useful in understanding the evolutionary patterns of chromosomal locations. The evolutionary dynamics of the karyotype may affect the organization of rDNA genes within chromosomes. In this study, we physically mapped 18S rDNA genes in 13 Neotropical ant species from four subfamilies using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, a survey of published rDNA cytogenetic data for 50 additional species was performed, which allowed us to detect the evolutionary patterns of these genes in ant chromosomes. Species from the Neotropical, Palearctic, and Australian regions, comprising a total of 63 species from 19 genera within six subfamilies, were analysed. Most of the species (48 out of 63) had rDNA genes restricted to a single chromosome pair in their intrachromosomal regions. The position of rDNA genes within the chromosomes appears to hinder their dispersal throughout the genome, as translocations and ectopic recombination are uncommon in intrachromosomal regions because they can generate meiotic abnormalities. Therefore, rDNA genes restricted to a single chromosome pair seem to be a plesiomorphic feature in ants, while multiple rDNA sites, observed in distinct subfamilies, may have independent origins in different genera. |
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Royal Entomological Society |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1048 |
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Chanson, Anaïs ; Moreau, Corrie S. ; Duplais, Christophe |
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Title |
Assessing Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity of Specialized Metabolites in the Conserved Gut Symbionts of Herbivorous Turtle Ants |
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2021 |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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12 |
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678100 |
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insect-microbe mutualism, ants, metagemonic, biosynthetic gene cluster, gut bacteria, Cephalotes |
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Cephalotes are herbivorous ants (>115 species) feeding on low-nitrogen food sources, and they rely on gut symbionts to supplement their diet by recycling nitrogen food waste into amino acids. These conserved gut symbionts, which encompass five bacterial orders, have been studied previously for their primary nitrogen metabolism; however, little is known about their ability to biosynthesize specialized metabolites which can play a role in bacterial interactions between communities living in close proximity in the gut. To evaluate the biosynthetic potential of their gut symbionts, we mine 14 cultured isolate genomes and gut metagenomes across 17 Cephalotes species to explore the biodiversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing specialized metabolites. The diversity of BGCs across Cephalotes phylogeny was analyzed using sequence similarity networking and BGC phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results reveal that the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis possess 80% of all the 233 BGCs retrieved in this work. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs reveals different patterns of distribution, suggesting different mechanisms of conservation. A siderophore BGC shows high similarity in a single symbiont across different ant host species, whereas a BGC encoding the production of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) found different symbionts within a single host species. Additionally, BGCs were abundant in four of the five bacterial orders of conserved symbionts co-occurring in the hindgut. However, one major symbiont localized alone in the midgut lack BGCs. Because the spatial isolation prevents direct interaction with other symbionts, this result supports the idea that BGCs are maintained in bacteria living in close proximity but are dispensable for an alone-living symbiont. These findings together pave the way for studying the mechanisms of BGC conservation and evolution in gut bacterial genomes associated with Cephalotes. This work also provides a genetic background for further study, aiming to characterize bacterial specialized metabolites and to understand their functional role in multipartite mutualisms between conserved gut symbionts and Cephalotes turtle ants. |
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Frontiers Media |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1049 |
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Levionnois, Sébastien ; Salmon, Camille ; Alméras, Tancrède ; Clair, Bruno ; Ziegler, Camille ; Coste, Sabrina ; Stahl, Clement ; Gonzalez-Melo, Andrés ; Heinz, Christine ; Heuret, Patrick |
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Anatomies, vascular architectures, and mechanics underlying the leaf size-stem size spectrum in 42 Neotropical tree species |
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2021 |
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Journal of Experimental Botany |
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72 |
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22 |
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7957–7969 |
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The leaf size-stem size spectrum is one of the main dimensions of plant ecological strategies. Yet the anatomical, mechanical, and hydraulic implications of small vs. large shoots are still poorly understood. We investigated 42 tropical rainforest tree species in French Guiana, with a wide range of leaf areas at the shoot level. We quantified the scaling of hydraulic and mechanical constraints with shoot size estimated as the water potential difference ΔΨ and the bending angle ΔΦ, respectively. We investigated how anatomical tissue area, flexural stiffness and xylem vascular architecture affect such scaling by deviating (or not) from theoretical isometry with shoot size variation. Vessel diameter and conductive path length were found to be allometrically related to shoot size, thereby explaining the independence between ΔΨ and shoot size. Leaf mass per area, stem length, and the modulus of elasticity were allometrically related with shoot size, explaining the independence between ΔΦ and shoot size. Our study also shows that the maintenance of both water supply and mechanical stability across the shoot size range are not in conflict. |
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Oxford University Press |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1050 |
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Peterson, Michaela ; Jorge, Maria Luisa S.P. ; Jain, Avarna ; Keuroghlian, Alexine ; Oshima, Julia Emi F. ; Richard-Hansen, Cécile ; Berzins, Rachel ; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar ; Eaton, Don |
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Temperature induces activity reduction in a Neotropical ungulate |
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2021 |
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Journal of Mammalogy |
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102 |
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6 |
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1-11 |
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activity patterns, global warming, South America, thermoregulation, tropical forest, white-lipped peccaries |
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Because global climate change results in increasingly extreme temperatures and more frequent droughts, behavioral thermoregulation is one avenue by which species may adjust. Changes in activity patterns in response to temperature have been observed in a number of mammal species, but rarely have been investigated in humid tropical habitats. Here we examine the relationship between activity patterns and microclimate temperatures for white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla) in four distinct biomes—the Cerrado, the Pantanal, the Atlantic Forest, and the Amazon. From 2013 to 2017, we monitored 30 white-lipped peccaries fitted with GPS collars that included accelerometers and temperature sensors. White-lipped peccaries were primarily diurnal, with peaks of activity in the morning and late afternoon, except in the Amazon where activity was high throughout the day. Total time active did not vary seasonally. White-lipped peccaries were significantly less likely to be active as temperatures increased, with the probability of being active decreasing by >49% in all biomes between 30 and 40°C. Our findings indicate that white-lipped peccaries are likely to be adversely impacted by rising temperatures, through being forced to reduce foraging time during their prime active periods. |
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Oxford University Press |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1051 |
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de Thoisy, Benoit ; Duron, Olivier ; Epelboin, Loïc ; Musset, Lise ; Quénel, Philippe ; Roche, Benjamin ; Binetruy, Florian ; Briolant, Sébastien ; Carvalho, Luisiane ; Chavy, Agathe : Couppié, Pierre ; and all ........................... |
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Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats |
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2021 |
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Infection, Génétics and Evolution |
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93 |
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104916 |
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French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1052 |
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Diatta, Bétémondji Désiré ; Niass, Ousmane ; Diouf, Massamba ; Guéye, Mathieu ; Houel, Emeline ; Boetsch, Gilles |
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Diversité et composition phytochimique des bâtonnets frotte-dents (cure-dents) proposés chez les Peul de la commune de Tessékéré (Ferlo Nord, Sénégal) |
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2021 |
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Journal of Applied Biosciences |
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158 |
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16267-16281 |
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Objectifs : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la composition phytochimique et la teneur en grandes classes chimiques des tiges les plus utilisées comme bâtonnets frotte-dents chez les peul de Widou Thiengoli au Nord Ferlo (Sénégal). Méthodes et résultats : Des entretiens ouverts semi structurés ont permis de recueillir les plantes les plus utilisées. L’indice de fidélité renseigne sur la convergence des usages quant à l’emploi des plantes comme bâtonnets frotte-dent comparé aux autres pratiques cosmétiques. L’étude de la composition phytochimique des tiges a ciblé 8 classes chimiques. Les tanins et les saponines sont très fréquents ; les terpénoïdes et les leuco-anthocyanines presque inexistants. Un dosage des flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes et polyphénols, réalisé chez des extraits aqueux, a porté sur 12 plantes. Les meilleures teneurs en polyphénols et alcaloïdes sont recueillies chez Anogeissus leiocarpa, et la meilleure en flavonoïdes chez Commiphora africana. Conclusion et applicabilité des résultats : Ces résultats permettent de sélectionner à travers la composition phytochimique des plantes, les espèces présentant de potentielles activités antimicrobiennes, car renfermant des composés phytochimique doués de fonctions germicides, au- delà de la fonction mécanique connue des bâtonnets dans l’élimination de la plaque dentaire. |
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Elewa |
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1997-5902 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1053 |
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Quéméré, Erwan ; Aucourt, Marie ; Troispoux, Valérie ; Brosse, Sébastien ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Covain, Raphael ; Le Bail, Pierre-Yves ; Olivier, Jean ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Galan, Maxime |
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Unraveling the dietary diversity of Neotropical top predators using scat DNA metabarcoding: A case study on the elusive Giant Otter |
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2021 |
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Environmental DNA |
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3 |
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5 |
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889-900 |
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Large carnivores play a pivotal regulating role in maintaining healthy and balanced ecosystems; however, most of them are rare and elusive, and knowledge about their resource consumption is scarce. Traditional methods based on morphological identification of undigested remains are labor intensive and often not sufficiently accurate, leading to errors and biased ecological inferences. Here, we developed a multi-marker DNA metabarcoding approach to analyze the dietary diversity of giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) from fecal DNA while controlling predator species identity. We combined two mitochondrial markers, 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene, that target the full range of potential vertebrate and invertebrate prey. We compiled a local reference database of DNA barcodes for most potentially ingested fish, which were used to evaluate the specificity of the metabarcoding primers in silico. Most prey are identified at the species level (>90%) and the dietary profiles provided independently by the two markers are highly similar, whether in terms of list of prey or frequency of occurrences, hence validating the approach. We detected a higher number of rare fish prey with the 12S primers that amplified solely Teleost species while the degenerate COI primers revealed non-fish prey (e.g., amphibians, snakes, birds, and earthworms) and confirmed predator species identity. This study demonstrated that scat DNA metabarcoding is particularly useful to provide in-depth information on elusive carnivorous dietary profile. Our methodology opens up new opportunities to understand how top carnivores diet cope with the effects of anthropogenic alteration of ecosystems and identify conflicts with humans and livestock. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1054 |
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Maggia, Marie-Eugénie ; Decaëns, Thibaud ; Lapied, Emmanuel ; Dupont, Lise ; Roy, Virginie ; Schimann, Heidy ; Orivel, Jérome ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Baraloto, Christophier ; Cottenie, Karl ; Steinke, Dirk |
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At each site its diversity: DNA barcoding reveals remarkable earthworm diversity in neotropical rainforests of French Guiana |
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2021 |
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Applied Soil Ecology |
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164 |
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103932 |
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DNA barcoding Tropical rainforest Community ecology Diversity level Sampling methods |
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Despite their recognized essential role in soil, earthworms in tropical environments are still understudied. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the diversity at the regional scale, as well as to investigate the environmental and spatial drivers of earthworm communities. We sampled earthworm communities across a range of habitats at six localities in French Guiana using three different sampling methods. We generated 1675 DNA barcodes and combined them with data from a previous study. Together, all sequences clustered into 119 MOTUs which were used as proxy to assess species richness. Only two MOTUs were common between the six localities and 20.2% were singletons, showing very high regional species richness and a high number of rare species. A canonical redundancy analysis was used to identify key drivers of the earthworm community composition. The RDA results and beta-diversity calculations both show strong species turnover and a strong spatial effect, resulting from dispersal limitations that are responsible for the current community composition. Sampling in different microhabitats allowed the discovery of 23 MOTUs that are exclusively found in decaying trunks and epiphytes, highlighting hidden diversity of earthworms outside of soil. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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0929-1393 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1055 |
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Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Authier, Louise ; Schimann, Heidy ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species |
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2021 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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108 |
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5 |
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744-755 |
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Botanical Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1056 |
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