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Author Marcon, E.; Herault, B. url  openurl
  Title Decomposing phylodiversity Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal (down) Methods in Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 333-339  
  Keywords Biodiversity; Entropy; Functional diversity; Phylogenetic diversity  
  Abstract Measuring functional or phylogenetic diversity is the object of an active literature. The main issues to address are relating measures to a clear conceptual framework, allowing unavoidable estimation-bias correction and decomposing diversity along spatial scales. We provide a general mathematical framework to decompose measures of species-neutral, phylogenetic or functional diversity into α and β components. We first unify the definitions of phylogenetic and functional entropy and diversity as a generalization of HCDT entropy and Hill numbers when an ultrametric tree is considered. We then derive the decomposition of diversity. We propose a bias correction of the estimates allowing meaningful computation from real, often undersampled communities. Entropy can be transformed into true diversity, that is an effective number of species or communities. Estimators of α- and β-entropy, phylogenetic and functional entropy are provided. Proper definition and estimation of diversity is the first step towards better understanding its underlying ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. © 2015 British Ecological Society.  
  Address Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, BP 709Kourou, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 31 March 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 590  
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Author Pavoine, S.; Marcon, E.; Ricotta, C. url  doi
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  Title ‘Equivalent numbers’ for species, phylogenetic or functional diversity in a nested hierarchy of multiple scales Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal (down) Methods in Ecology and Evolution  
  Volume 7 Issue 10 Pages 1152-1163  
  Keywords alpha diversity; beta diversity; biodiversity; community ecology; community phylogenetics; diversity apportionment; gamma diversity; quadratic entropy  
  Abstract Many recent studies have searched to integrate species’ functions and phylogenies in the measurement of biodiversity. To obtain easily interpretable measures, some researchers recommended diversity indices expressed in terms of equivalent numbers of species: the number of equally likely and maximally dissimilar species needed to produce the given value of diversity. Then, biodiversity is often calculated at three scales: within communities (α diversity), among communities (β diversity) and in a region (γ diversity). These three scales are, however, insufficient to tackle the organization of biodiversity in space because, for most organisms, there is a nested hierarchy of multiple scales characterized by different patterns and processes, from the small neighbourhood to the biosphere. We developed methodologies for analysing species, functional, taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity in a hierarchy of multiple scales using equivalent numbers of species. As an example, we analysed the taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Loire River, France, at four levels: within sites (α diversity), among sites within geological regions (β1 diversity), among geological regions (β2 diversity) and at the river scale (γ diversity). The new hierarchical approaches of biodiversity revealed very low differences among sites within regions and among regions in terms of taxonomy and functional traits (size and diet), despite moderate, significant species turnover among geological regions. We compare our framework with those other authors have developed. We argue that different definitions of α, β, γ diversities are used in the literature reflecting different points of view on biodiversity. We make recommendations on how to normalize functional (or phylogenetic) dissimilarities among species to render sites and regions comparable, and discuss the pros and cons of our approach. The hierarchical approaches of biodiversity in terms of ‘equivalent numbers’ respond to current demands to obtain intuitive, easily interpretable components of biodiversity. The approaches we propose go beyond current developments by considering a hierarchy of spatial scales and unbalanced sampling design. They will provide powerful tools to detect the ecological and evolutionary processes that act differently at different scales. © 2016 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2016 British Ecological Society  
  Address Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy  
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  Notes Export Date: 20 October 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 697  
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Author Mortier, F.; Rossi, V.; Guillot, G.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Picard, N. url  openurl
  Title Population dynamics of species-rich ecosystems: The mixture of matrix population models approach Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal (down) Methods Ecol. Evol.  
  Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 316-326  
  Keywords Bayesian; Clustering; Mixture models; Population dynamics; Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo; Species-rich ecosystems; Tropical rain forests  
  Abstract Matrix population models are widely used to predict population dynamics, but when applied to species-rich ecosystems with many rare species, the small population sample sizes hinder a good fit of species-specific models. This issue can be overcome by assigning species to groups to increase the size of the calibration data sets. However, the species classification is often disconnected from the matrix modelling and from the estimation of matrix parameters, thus bringing species groups that may not be optimal with respect to the predicted community dynamics. We proposed here a method that jointly classified species into groups and fit the matrix models in an integrated way. The model was a special case of mixture with unknown number of components and was cast in a Bayesian framework. An MCMC algorithm was developed to infer the unknown parameters: the number of groups, the group of each species and the dynamics parameters. We applied the method to simulated data and showed that the algorithm efficiently recovered the model parameters. We applied the method to a data set from a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. The mixture matrix model classified tree species into well-differentiated groups with clear ecological interpretations. It also accurately predicted the forest dynamics over the 16-year observation period. Our model and algorithm can straightforwardly be adapted to any type of matrix model, using the life cycle diagram. It can be used as an unsupervised classification technique to group species with similar population dynamics. © 2012 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2012 British Ecological Society.  
  Address Statistics Section IMM, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 April 2013; Source: Scopus; :doi 10.1111/2041-210x.12019; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Mortier, F.; CIRAD, UPR Bsef, Montpellier, 34398, France; email: frederic.mortier@cirad.fr Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 480  
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Author Campillo, F.; Rakotozafy, R.; Rossi, V. openurl 
  Title Parallel and interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Mathematics and Computers in Simulation Abbreviated Journal (down) Math. Comput. Simul.  
  Volume 79 Issue 12 Pages 3424-3433  
  Keywords Markov chain Monte Carlo method; Interacting chains; Hidden Markov model  
  Abstract In many situations it is important to be able to propose N independent realizations of a given distribution law. We propose a strategy for making N parallel Monte Carlo Markov chains (MCMC) interact in order to get an approximation of an independent N-sample of a given target law. In this method each individual chain proposes candidates for all other chains. We prove that the set of interacting chains is itself a MCMC method for the product of N target measures. Compared to independent parallel chains this method is more time consuming. but we show through examples that it possesses many advantages. This approach is applied to a biomass evolution model. (C) 2009 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address [Rossi, Vivien] CIRAD, Res Unit, Montpellier, France, Email: Fabien.Campillo@inria.fr  
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  ISSN 0378-4754 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ISI:000269289100006 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 197  
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Author Petit, M.; Denis, T.; Rux, O.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Berzins, R. url  doi
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  Title Estimating jaguar (Panthera onca) density in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal (down) Mammalia  
  Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 188-192  
  Keywords camera trapping; density; French Guiana; home range; Panthera onca; spatially explicit capture recapture  
  Abstract Knowledge of the jaguar population is needed in French Guiana that faces an increase of human-jaguar conflicts. We carried out a camera trap survey to assess jaguar local density and home range size in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana. We ran spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) models. In our model, the scale parameter σ, that is linked to the home range size, was larger for males (σ=3.87±0.59 SE km) than for females (σ=2.33±0.30 SE km). The assessed jaguar density was 3.22±0.87 SE ind. 100 km â '2, which should be considered as an optimal density in a French Guiana coastal area.  
  Address Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Campus Agronomique, BP316, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 May 2018 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 803  
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Author Leba, L.-J.; Musset, L.; Pelleau, S.; Estevez, Y.; Birer, C.; Briolant, S.; Witkowski, B.; Ménard, D.; Delves, M.J.; Legrand, E.; Duplais, C.; Popovici, J. pdf  url
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  Title Use of Plasmodium falciparum culture-adapted field isolates for in vitro exflagellation-blocking assay Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Malaria Journal Abbreviated Journal (down) Malaria Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue Pages 234  
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  Abstract Background: A major requirement for malaria elimination is the development of transmission-blocking interventions. In vitro transmission-blocking bioassays currently mostly rely on the use of very few Plasmodium falciparum reference laboratory strains isolated decades ago. To fill a piece of the gap between laboratory experimental models and natural systems, the purpose of this work was to determine if culture-adapted field isolates of P. falciparum are suitable for in vitro transmission-blocking bioassays targeting functional maturity of male gametocytes: exflagellation. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum isolates were adapted to in vitro culture before being used for in vitro gametocyte production. Maturation was assessed by microscopic observation of gametocyte morphology over time of culture and the functional viability of male gametocytes was assessed by microscopic counting of exflagellating gametocytes. Suitability for in vitro exflagellation-blocking bioassays was determined using dihydroartemisinin and methylene blue. Results: In vitro gametocyte production was achieved using two isolates from French Guiana and two isolates from Cambodia. Functional maturity of male gametocytes was assessed by exflagellation observations and all four isolates could be used in exflagellation-blocking bioassays with adequate response to methylene blue and dihydroartemisinin. Conclusion: This work shows that in vitro culture-adapted P. falciparum field isolates of different genetic background, from South America and Southeast Asia, can successfully be used for bioassays targeting the male gametocyte to gamete transition, exflagellation. © 2015 Leba et al.  
  Address Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 July 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 612  
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Author Talaga, S.; Petitclerc, F.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. url  doi
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  Title Environmental drivers of community diversity in a neotropical urban landscape: a multi-scale analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Landscape Ecology Abbreviated Journal (down) Landscape Ecology  
  Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages 1805-1818  
  Keywords Aquatic metacommunity; Landscape ecology; Mosquitoes; Neotropics; Scale dependency; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology  
  Abstract Context: Many aquatic communities are linked by the aerial dispersal of multiple, interacting species and are thus structured by processes occurring in both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the ecosystem. Objectives: To evaluate the environmental factors shaping the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities associated with tank bromeliads in an urban landscape. Methods: Thirty-two bromeliads were georeferenced to assess the spatial distribution of the aquatic meta-habitat in one city. The relative influence of the aquatic and terrestrial habitats on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities was analyzed at four spatial scales (radius = 10, 30, 50, and 70 m) using redundancy analyses. Results: We sorted 18,352 aquatic macroinvertebrates into 29 taxa. Water volume and the amount of organic matter explained a significant part of the taxa variance, regardless of spatial scale. The remaining variance was explained by the meta-habitat size (i.e., the water volume for all of the bromeliads within a given surface area), the distance to the nearest building at small scales, and the surface area of buildings plus ground cover at larger scales. At small scales, the meta-habitat size influenced the two most frequent mosquito species in opposite ways, suggesting spatial competition and coexistence. Greater vegetation cover favored the presence of a top predator. Conclusions: The size of the meta-habitat and urban landscape characteristics influence the structure of aquatic communities in tank bromeliads, including mosquito larval abundance. Modifications to this landscape will affect both the terrestrial and aquatic compartments of the urban ecosystem, offering prospects for mosquito management during urban planning. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.  
  Address IRD; UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A‐51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 18 December 2017 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 777  
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Author Richard-Hansen, C.; Jaouen, G.; Denis, T.; Brunaux, O.; Marcon, E.; Guitet, S. url  openurl
  Title Landscape patterns influence communities of medium-to large-bodied vertebrates in undisturbed terra firme forests of French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of Tropical Ecology Abbreviated Journal (down) Journal of Tropical Ecology  
  Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 423-436  
  Keywords Animal communities; diversity; environmental heterogeneity; French Guiana; landscape ecology; species-habitat association  
  Abstract Whereas broad-scale Amazonian forest types have been shown to influence the structure of the communities of medium-to large-bodied vertebrates, their natural heterogeneity at smaller scale or within the terra firme forests remains poorly described and understood. Diversity indices of such communities and the relative abundance of the 21 most commonly observed species were compared from standardized line-transect data across 25 study sites distributed in undisturbed forests in French Guiana. We first assessed the relevance of a forest typology based on geomorphological landscapes to explain the observed heterogeneity. As previously found for tree beta-diversity patterns, this new typology proved to be a non-negligible factor underlying the beta diversity of the communities of medium-to large bodied vertebrates in French Guianan terra firme forests. Although the species studied are almost ubiquitous across the region, they exhibited habitat preferences through significant variation in abundance and in their association index with the different landscape types. As terra firme forests represent more than 90% of the Amazon basin, characterizing their heterogeneity-including faunal communities-is a major challenge in neotropical forest ecology. © 2015 Cambridge University Press.  
  Address ONCFS, EcoFoG, Kourou Cedex, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 November 2015 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 638  
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Author Salas-Lopez, A.; Talaga, S.; Lalague, H. doi  openurl
  Title The discovery of devil's gardens: An ant-plant mutualism in the cloud forests of the Eastern Amazon Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of Tropical Ecology Abbreviated Journal (down) Journal of Tropical Ecology  
  Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 264-268  
  Keywords ant-plant interactions; biogeography; cloud forest; Cordia nodosa; mutualism, Myrmelachista; refuge hypothesis  
  Abstract Devil's gardens are one of the most remarkable mutualistic associations between ants and plants. Myrmelachista ants eliminate all vegetation from around their host plants, resulting in wide forest clearings which have intrigued scientists from the start. Despite their noticeability, here we report the discovery of devil's gardens in remote highland cloud forests of the Eastern Amazon, more than 2000 km away from their nearest known analogues in Western Amazonia. We describe the ecological characteristics of these gardens and consider what factors could have produced the geographic isolation of Eastern Amazonian devil's gardens. Three hypotheses are investigated: (1) the host plant distribution restricts the distribution of the mutualism, (2) the ecological tolerances of Myrmelachista explain the isolation, and (3) the devil's gardens of the Eastern Amazon constitute relicts from ancient forest refugia. The distribution of the possible associated myrmecophytes and previously described ecological ranges of devil's gardens cannot explain their ecological restriction to cloud forests in Eastern Amazonia, but our discovery is consistent with the biogeographic refuge hypothesis (i.e. highlands along the Amazon Basin constitute refugia for humid forests that spread during the Cenozoic). Our finding opens exciting perspectives for comparative studies of the origin, ecology and evolutionary history of this ant-plant mutualism. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016.  
  Address INRA, UMR, EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 1 September 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 691  
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Author Falkowski, M.; Jahn-Oyac, A.; Ferrero, E.; Issaly, J.; Eparvier, V.; Girod, R.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Stien, D.; Houel, E.; Dusfour, I. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Assessment of A Simple Compound-Saving Method to Study Insecticidal Activity of Natural Extracts and Pure Compounds Against Mosquito Larvae Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association Abbreviated Journal (down) Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 337-340  
  Keywords Mosquitoes; natural insecticides; screening method  
  Abstract Research on natural insecticides has intensified with the spread of resistance to chemicals among insects, particularly disease vectors. To evaluate compounds, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published standardized procedures. However, those may be excessively compound-consuming when it comes to assessing the activity of natural extracts and pure compounds isolated in limited amount. As part of our work on the discovery of new mosquito larvicides from Amazonian plants, we developed a compound-saving assay in 5-ml glass tubes instead of WHO larval 100-ml cups. Comparing activity of synthetic and natural chemicals validated the glass tube assay. Raw data, lethal doses that kill 50% (LD50) and 90% (LD90) at 24 and 48 h, were highly correlated (0.68 < R2 < 0.96, P < 0.001, Pearson test) between cups and tubes. It was also established that 10 tubes (N = 50 larvae) provided the same level of sensitivity as 20 tubes (N = 100). This method proved suitable for rapid screening of natural extracts and molecules, identifying active compounds using 10 times less material than in the WHO protocol. © 2016 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.  
  Address Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversite et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (USR 3579, LBBM), Observatoire Oceanologique, avenue de Fontaul e, Banyuls/Mer-sur-mer, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 3 March 2017 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 740  
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