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Bréchet, Laëtitia M.; Daniel Warren; Stahl, Clément; Burban, Benoït; Goret, Jean-Yves; Salomon, Roberto L.; Janssens, Ivan A.o |
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Simultaéneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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230 |
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6 |
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2487-2500 |
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système de chambre automatisé ; efflux de dioxyde de carbone ; flux de méthane ; flux d'oxyde nitreux ; tige d'arbre ; forêt tropicale |
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Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required. We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources. In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2O. Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11-month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems. |
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New Phytologist Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1004 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Depaepe, Thomas ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Vallicrosa, Helena ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Lugli, Laynara F. ; Bréchet, Laëtitia M. ; Ogaya, Roma ; Llusia, Joan ; Urbina, Ifigenia ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Grau, Oriol ; Richter, Andreas ; Penuelas, Josep ; Van Der Straeten, Dominique ; August Janssens, Ivan A. |
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Title |
Impact of Nutrient Additions on Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation in Litter and Soil of Two French-Guianese Lowland Tropical Forests |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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JGR Biogeosciences |
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126 |
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7 |
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e2020JG006023 |
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In tropical forests, free-living Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) in soil and litter tends to decrease when substrate N concentrations increase, whereas increasing phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) soil and litter concentrations have been shown to stimulate free-living BNF rates. Yet, very few studies explored the effects of adding N, P, and Mo together in a single large-scale fertilization experiment, which would teach us which of these elements constrain or limit BNF activities. At two distinct forest sites in French Guiana, we performed a 3-year in situ nutrient addition study to explore the effects of N, P, and Mo additions on leaf litter and soil BNF. Additionally, we conducted a short-term laboratory study with the same nutrient addition treatments (+N, +N+P, +P, +Mo, and +P+Mo). We found that N additions alone suppressed litter free-living BNF in the field, but not in the short-term laboratory study, while litter free-living BNF remained unchanged in response to N+P additions. Additionally, we found that P and P+Mo additions stimulated BNF in leaf litter, both in the field and in the lab, while Mo alone yielded no changes. Soil BNF increased with P and P+Mo additions in only one of the field sites, while in the other site soil BNF increased with Mo and P+Mo additions. We concluded that increased substrate N concentrations suppress BNF. Moreover, both P and Mo have the potential to limit free-living BNF in these tropical forests, but the balance between P versus Mo limitation is determined by site-specific characteristics of nutrient supply and demand. |
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American Geophysical Union |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1040 |
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Bonhomme, Camille ; Céréghino, Régis ; Carrias, Jean-François ; Compin, Arthur ; Corbara, Bruno ; Jassey, Vincent E.J. ; Leflaive, Joséphine ; Farjalla, Vinicius F. ; Marino, Nicholas A.C. ; Rota, Thibault ; Srivastava, Diane S. ; Leroy, Celine |
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In situ resistance, not immigration, supports invertebrate community resilience to drought intensification in a neotropical ecosystem |
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Year |
2021 |
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Journal of Animal Ecology |
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90 |
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9 |
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2015-2026 |
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While future climate scenarios predict declines in precipitations in many regions of the world, little is known of the mechanisms underlying community resilience to prolonged dry seasons, especially in ‘naïve’ Neotropical rainforests. Predictions of community resilience to intensifying drought are complicated by the fact that the underlying mechanisms are mediated by species' tolerance and resistance traits, as well as rescue through dispersal from source patches. We examined the contribution of in situ tolerance-resistance and immigration to community resilience, following drought events that ranged from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events. We used rainshelters above rainwater-filled bromeliads of French Guiana to emulate a gradient of drought intensity (from 1 to 3.6 times the current number of consecutive days without rainfall), and we analysed the post-drought dynamics of the taxonomic and functional community structure of aquatic invertebrates to these treatments when immigration is excluded (by netting bromeliads) or permitted (no nets). Drought intensity negatively affected invertebrate community resistance, but had a positive influence on community recovery during the post-drought phase. After droughts of 1 to 1.4 times the current intensities, the overall invertebrate abundance recovered within invertebrate life cycle durations (up to 2 months). Shifts in taxonomic composition were more important after longer droughts, but overall, community composition showed recovery towards baseline states. The non-random patterns of changes in functional community structure indicated that deterministic processes like environmental filtering of traits drive community re-assembly patterns after a drought event. Community resilience mostly relied on in situ tolerance-resistance traits. A rescue effect of immigration after a drought event was weak and mostly apparent under extreme droughts. Under climate change scenarios of drought intensification in Neotropical regions, community and ecosystem resilience could primarily depend on the persistence of suitable habitats and on the resistance traits of species, while metacommunity dynamics could make a minor contribution to ecosystem recovery. Climate change adaptation should thus aim at identifying and preserving local conditions that foster in situ resistance and the buffering effects of habitat features. |
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British Ecological Society |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1012 |
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Coutant, Opale ; Richard-Hansen, Cecile ; de Thoisy, Benoit ; Decotte, Jean-Baptiste ; Valentini, Alice ; Dejean, Tony ; Vigouroux, Régis ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Brosse, Sébastien |
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Amazonian mammal monitoring using aquatic environmental DNA |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Molecular Ecology Resources |
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21 |
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6 |
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1875-1888 |
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as one of the most efficient methods to assess aquatic species presence. While the method can in theory be used to investigate nonaquatic fauna, its development for inventorying semi-aquatic and terrestrial fauna is still at an early stage. Here we investigated the potential of aquatic eDNA metabarcoding for inventorying mammals in Neotropical environments, be they aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. We collected aquatic eDNA in 96 sites distributed along three Guianese watersheds and compared our inventories to expected species distributions and field observations derived from line transects located throughout French Guiana. Species occurrences and emblematic mammalian fauna richness patterns were consistent with the expected distribution of fauna and our results revealed that aquatic eDNA metabarcoding brings additional data to line transect samples for diurnal nonaquatic (terrestrial and arboreal) species. Aquatic eDNA also provided data on species not detectable in line transect surveys such as semi-aquatic, aquatic and nocturnal terrestrial and arboreal species. Although the application of eDNA to inventory mammals still needs some developments to optimize sampling efficiency, it can now be used as a complement to traditional surveys. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1015 |
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Donald, Julian ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Chave, Jérome ; Iribar, Amaia ; Louisanna, Eliane ; Manzi, Sophie ; Roy, Melanie ; Tao, Shengli ; Orivel, Jérome ; Schimann, Heidy; Zinger, Lucie |
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Multi-taxa environmental DNA inventories reveal distinct taxonomic and functional diversity in urban tropical forest fragments |
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2021 |
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Global Ecology and Conservation |
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29 |
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e01724 |
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Urban expansion and associated habitat transformation drives shifts in biodiversity, with declines in taxonomic and functional diversity. Forests fragments within urban landscapes offer a number of ecosystem services, and help to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Here, we focus on a tropical forest environment, and on the soil biota. Using eDNA metabarcoding, we compare forest fragments within the city of Cayenne, French Guiana, with a neighbouring continuous undisturbed forest. We wished to determine if urban forest fragments conserve high levels of alpha and beta diversity as well as similar functional composition for plants, soil animals, fungi and bacteria. We found that alpha diversity is similar across habitats for plants and fungi, lower in urban forests for metazoans and higher for bacteria. We also found that urban forests communities differ from undisturbed forests in their taxonomic composition, with urban forests exhibiting greater turnover between fragments potentially caused by ecological drift and limited dispersal. However, their functional composition exhibited limited differences, with an enrichment of palms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and a depletion of climber plants and termites. Thus, although urban forest fragments do shelter soil biodiversity that differs from native forests, the losses of soil functions may be relatively limited. This study demonstrates the strong potential of a multi-taxa eDNA approach for rapid inventories across taxonomic kingdoms, in particular for cryptic soil diversity. It also demonstrates the key role of urban forest fragments in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function, and points to a need for more systematic monitoring of these areas in urban management plans. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1025 |
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Baraloto, Christophier ; Vleminckx, Jason ; Engel, Julien ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Davila, Nallarett ; Rios, Marcos ; Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis Harry ; Mesones, Italo ; Guevara ANdino, Juan Ernesto ; Fortunel, Claire ; Allie, Elodie ; Paine, C.E. Timothy ; Dourdan, Aurélie ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Draper, Freddie ; Fine, Paul V. A. |
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Biogeographic history and habitat specialization shape floristic and phylogenetic composition across Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Ecological Monographs |
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91 |
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4 |
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e01473 |
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A major challenge remains to understand the relative contributions of history, dispersal, and environmental filtering to the assembly of hyperdiverse communities across spatial scales. Here, we examine the extent to which biogeographical history and habitat specialization have generated turnover among and within lineages of Amazonian trees across broad geographic and environmental gradients. We replicated standardized tree inventories in 102 0.1-ha plots located in two distant regions—the western Amazon and the eastern Guiana shield. Within each region, we used a nested design to replicate plots on contrasted habitats: white-sand, terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests. Our plot network encompassed 26,386 trees that together represented 2,745 distinct taxa, which we standardized across all plots and regions. We combined taxonomic and phylogenetic data with detailed soil measurements and climatic data to: (1) test whether patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic composition are consistent with recent or historical processes, (2) disentangle the relative effects of habitat, environment, and geographic distance on taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among plots, and (3) contrast the proportion of habitat specialists among species from each region. We found substantial species turnover between Peru and French Guiana, with only 8.8% of species shared across regions; genus composition remained differentiated across habitats and regions, whereas turnover at higher taxonomic levels (family, order) was much lower. Species turnover across plots was explained primarily by regions, but also substantially by habitat differences and to a lesser extent by spatial distance within regions. Conversely, the composition of higher taxonomic levels was better explained by habitats (especially comparing white-sand forests to other habitats) than spatial distance. White-sand forests harbored most of the habitat specialists in both regions, with stronger habitat specialization in Peru than in French Guiana. Our results suggest that recent diversification events have resulted in extremely high turnover in species and genus composition with relatively little change in the composition of higher lineages. Our results also emphasize the contributions of rare habitats, such as white-sand forests, to the extraordinary diversity of the Amazon and underline their importance as conservation priorities. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1027 |
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Levionnois, S.; Jansen, S.; Wandji, R.T.; Beauchêne, J.; Ziegler, C.; Coste, S.; Stahl, C.; Delzon, S.; Authier, L.; Heuret, P. |
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Linking drought-induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytol. |
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229 |
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3 |
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1453-1466 |
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bordered pits; drought-induced embolism; pit membrane; transmission electron microscopy; tropical trees; vessel grouping; xylem anatomy |
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Drought-induced xylem embolism is considered to be one of the main factors driving mortality in woody plants worldwide. Although several structure–functional mechanisms have been tested to understand the anatomical determinants of embolism resistance, there is a need to study this topic by integrating anatomical data for many species. We combined optical, laser, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure for 26 tropical rainforest tree species across three major clades (magnoliids, rosiids, and asteriids). We then related these anatomical observations to previously published data on drought-induced embolism resistance, with phylogenetic analyses. Vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure were all predictive of xylem embolism resistance, but with weak predictive power. While pit membrane thickness was a predictive trait when vestured pits were taken into account, the pit membrane diameter-to-thickness ratio suggests a strong importance of the deflection resistance of the pit membrane. However, phylogenetic analyses weakly support adaptive coevolution. Our results emphasize the functional significance of pit membranes for air-seeding in tropical rainforest trees, highlighting also the need to study their mechanical properties due to the link between embolism resistance and pit membrane diameter-to-thickness ratio. Finding support for adaptive coevolution also remains challenging. © 2020 The Authors New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Foundation |
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UMR BIOGECO, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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997 |
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Poorter, Laurens ; Craven, Dylan ; Jakovac, Catarina C. ; van der Sande, Masha T. ; Amissah, Lucy ; Bongers, Frans ; Chazdon, Robin ; Farrioir, Caroline E. ; Kambach, Stephan ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Munoz, Rodrigo ; Norden, Natalia ; Ruger, Nadja ; van Breugel, Michiel ; et all ...... |
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Multidimensional tropical forest recovery |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Science |
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374 |
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6573 |
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1370-1376 |
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Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (<1 decade) and plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. |
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American association for the advancement of science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1039 |
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Leroy, Celine ; Maes, Arthur QuyManh ; Louisanna, Eliane ; Schimann, Heidy ; Séjalon-Delmas, Nathalie |
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Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of rootassociated fungi in bromeliads: effects of host identity, life forms and nutritional modes |
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2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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231 |
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3 |
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1195-1209 |
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Bromeliads represent a major component of neotropical forests and encompass a considerable diversity of life forms and nutritional modes. Bromeliads explore highly stressful habitats and root-associated fungi may play a crucial role in this, but the driving factors and variations in root-associated fungi remain largely unknown.
We explored root-associated fungal communities in 17 bromeliad species and their variations linked to host identity, life forms and nutritional modes by using ITS1 gene-based high-throughput sequencing and by characterizing fungal functional guilds.
We found a dual association of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi. The different species, life forms and nutritional modes among bromeliad hosts had fungal communities that differ in their taxonomic and functional composition. Specifically, roots of epiphytic bromeliads had more endophytic fungi and dark septate endophytes and fewer mycorrhizal fungi than terrestrial bromeliads and lithophytes.
Our results contribute to a fundamental knowledge base on different fungal groups in previously undescribed Bromeliaceae. The diverse root-associated fungal communities in bromeliads may enhance plant fitness in both stressful and nutrient-poor environments and may give more flexibility to the plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions. |
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New Phytologist Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1061 |
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Vleminckx, Jason ; Fortunel, Claire ; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar ; Paine, C.E. Timothy ; Engel, Julien ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Dourdain, Aurélie K. ; Guevara, Juan ; Béroujon, Solène ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Resolving whole-plant economics from leaf, stem and root traits of 1467 Amazonian tree species |
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2021 |
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Oikos |
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130 |
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7 |
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1193-1208 |
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It remains unclear how evolutionary and ecological processes have shaped the wide variety of plant life strategies, especially in highly diverse ecosystems like tropical forests. Some evidence suggests that species have diversified across a gradient of ecological strategies, with different plant tissues converging to optimize resource use across environmental gradients. Alternative hypotheses propose that species have diversified following independent selection on different tissues, resulting in a decoupling of trait syndromes across organs. To shed light on the subject, we assembled an unprecedented dataset combining 19 leaf, stem and root traits for 1467 tropical tree species inventoried across 71 0.1-ha plots spanning broad environmental gradients in French Guiana. Nearly 50% of the overall functional heterogeneity was expressed along four orthogonal dimensions, after accounting for phylogenetic dependences among species. The first dimension related to fine root functioning, while the second and third dimensions depicted two decoupled leaf economics spectra, and the fourth dimension encompassed a wood economics spectrum. Traits involved in orthogonal functional strategies, five leaf traits in particular but also trunk bark thickness, were consistently associated with a same gradient of soil texture and nutrient availability. Root traits did not show any significant association with edaphic variation, possibly because of the prevailing influence of other factors (mycorrhizal symbiosis, phylogenetic constraints). Our study emphasises the existence of multiple functional dimensions that allow tropical tree species to optimize their performance in a given environment, bringing new insights into the debate around the presence of a whole plant economic spectrum in tropical forest tree communities. It also emphasizes the key role that soil heterogeneity plays in shaping tree species assembly. The extent to which different organs are decoupled and respond to environmental gradients may also help to improve our predictions of species distribution changes in responses to habitat modification and environmental changes. |
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Nordic Society OIKOS |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1030 |
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