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Cecilia Blundo ; Julieta Carilla ; Ricardo Grau ; Agustina Malizia ; Lucio Malizia ; Oriana Osinaga-Acosta ; Michael Bird ; Bradford, Matt ; Damien Catchpole ; Andrew Ford ; Andrew Graham ; David Hilbert ; Jeanette Kemp ; Susan Laurance ; William Laurance ; Francoise Yoko Ishida ; Andrew Marshall ; Catherine Waite ; Hannsjoerg Woell ; Jean-Francois Bastin ; Marijn Bauters ; Hans Beeckman ; Pfascal Boeckx ; Jan Bogaert ; Charles De Canniere ; Thales de Haulleville ; Jean-Louis Doucet ; Olivier Hardy ; Wannes Hubau ; Elizabeth Kearsley ; Hans Verbeeck ; Jason Vleminckx ; Steven W. Brewer ; Alfredo Alarc´on ; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami ; Eric Arets ; Luzmila Arroyo ; Ezequiel Chavez ; Todd Fredericksen ; Ren´e Guill´en Villaroel ; Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty ; Timothy Killeen ; Juan Carlos Licona ; John Lleigue ; Casimiro Mendoza ; Samaria Murakami ; Alexander Parada Gutierrez ; Guido Pardo ; Marielos Pena-Claros ; Lourens Poorter ; Marisol Toledo ; Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo ; Laura Jessica Viscarra ; Vincent Vos ; Jorge Ahumada ; Everton Almeida ; Jarcilene Almeida aq, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira ; Wesley Alves da Cruz ; Atila Alves de Oliveira ; Fabrício Alvim Carvalho ; Flavio Amorim Obermuller ; Ana Andrade ; Fernanda Antunes Carvalho ; Simone Aparecida Vieira ; Ana Carla Aquino ; Luiz Aragao ; Ana Claudia Araújo ; Marco Antonio Assis ; Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes ; Fabrício Baccaro ; Plínio Barbosa de Camargo ; Paulo Barni ; Jorcely Barroso ; Luis Carlos Bernacci ; Kauane Bordin ; Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros ; Igor Broggio ; Jose Luís Camargo ; Domingos Cardoso ; Maria Antonia Carniello ; Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle ; Carolina Castilho ; Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro ; Wendeson Castro ; Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro ; Flavia Costa ; Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira ; Italo Coutinho ; John Cunha ; Lola da Costa ; Lucia da Costa Ferreira ; Richarlly da Costa Silva ; Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine ; Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ; Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ; Lia de Oliveira Melo ; Luciano de Queiroz ; Jose Romualdo de Sousa Lima ; Mario do Espírito Santo ; Tomas Domingues ; Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes ; Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro ; Fernando Elias ; Gabriel Eliseu ; Thaise Emilio ; Camila Laís Farrapo ; Letícia Fernandes ; Gustavo Ferreira ; Joice Ferreira ; Leandro Ferreira ; Socorro Ferreira ; Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ; Maria Aparecida Freitas ; Queila S. García ; Angelo Gilberto Manzatto ; Paulo Graça ; Frederico Guilherme ; Eduardo Hase ; Niro Higuchi ; Mariana Iguatemy ; Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa ; Margarita Jaramillo |
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Title |
Taking the pulse of Earth’s tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
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260 |
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parcelle, forêt tropicale, biodiversité forestière, Écosystème forestier, Écologie forestière, Changement de couvert végétal, Couvert forestier |
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Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1021 |
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Chanson, Anaïs ; Moreau, Corrie S. ; Duplais, Christophe |
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Title |
Assessing Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity of Specialized Metabolites in the Conserved Gut Symbionts of Herbivorous Turtle Ants |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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12 |
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678100 |
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insect-microbe mutualism, ants, metagemonic, biosynthetic gene cluster, gut bacteria, Cephalotes |
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Cephalotes are herbivorous ants (>115 species) feeding on low-nitrogen food sources, and they rely on gut symbionts to supplement their diet by recycling nitrogen food waste into amino acids. These conserved gut symbionts, which encompass five bacterial orders, have been studied previously for their primary nitrogen metabolism; however, little is known about their ability to biosynthesize specialized metabolites which can play a role in bacterial interactions between communities living in close proximity in the gut. To evaluate the biosynthetic potential of their gut symbionts, we mine 14 cultured isolate genomes and gut metagenomes across 17 Cephalotes species to explore the biodiversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing specialized metabolites. The diversity of BGCs across Cephalotes phylogeny was analyzed using sequence similarity networking and BGC phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results reveal that the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis possess 80% of all the 233 BGCs retrieved in this work. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs reveals different patterns of distribution, suggesting different mechanisms of conservation. A siderophore BGC shows high similarity in a single symbiont across different ant host species, whereas a BGC encoding the production of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) found different symbionts within a single host species. Additionally, BGCs were abundant in four of the five bacterial orders of conserved symbionts co-occurring in the hindgut. However, one major symbiont localized alone in the midgut lack BGCs. Because the spatial isolation prevents direct interaction with other symbionts, this result supports the idea that BGCs are maintained in bacteria living in close proximity but are dispensable for an alone-living symbiont. These findings together pave the way for studying the mechanisms of BGC conservation and evolution in gut bacterial genomes associated with Cephalotes. This work also provides a genetic background for further study, aiming to characterize bacterial specialized metabolites and to understand their functional role in multipartite mutualisms between conserved gut symbionts and Cephalotes turtle ants. |
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Frontiers Media |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1049 |
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Coutant, Opale ; Richard-Hansen, Cecile ; de Thoisy, Benoit ; Decotte, Jean-Baptiste ; Valentini, Alice ; Dejean, Tony ; Vigouroux, Régis ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Brosse, Sébastien |
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Amazonian mammal monitoring using aquatic environmental DNA |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Molecular Ecology Resources |
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21 |
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6 |
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1875-1888 |
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as one of the most efficient methods to assess aquatic species presence. While the method can in theory be used to investigate nonaquatic fauna, its development for inventorying semi-aquatic and terrestrial fauna is still at an early stage. Here we investigated the potential of aquatic eDNA metabarcoding for inventorying mammals in Neotropical environments, be they aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. We collected aquatic eDNA in 96 sites distributed along three Guianese watersheds and compared our inventories to expected species distributions and field observations derived from line transects located throughout French Guiana. Species occurrences and emblematic mammalian fauna richness patterns were consistent with the expected distribution of fauna and our results revealed that aquatic eDNA metabarcoding brings additional data to line transect samples for diurnal nonaquatic (terrestrial and arboreal) species. Aquatic eDNA also provided data on species not detectable in line transect surveys such as semi-aquatic, aquatic and nocturnal terrestrial and arboreal species. Although the application of eDNA to inventory mammals still needs some developments to optimize sampling efficiency, it can now be used as a complement to traditional surveys. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1015 |
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de Thoisy, Benoit ; Duron, Olivier ; Epelboin, Loïc ; Musset, Lise ; Quénel, Philippe ; Roche, Benjamin ; Binetruy, Florian ; Briolant, Sébastien ; Carvalho, Luisiane ; Chavy, Agathe : Couppié, Pierre ; and all ........................... |
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Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats |
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2021 |
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Infection, Génétics and Evolution |
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93 |
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104916 |
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French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1052 |
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Dejean, Alain ; Petitclerc, Frédéric ; Azémar, Frédéric ; Rossi, Vivien |
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Nutrient provisioning of its host myrmecophytic tree by a temporary social parasite of a plant-ant |
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2021 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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133 |
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3 |
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744-750 |
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One of the most advanced ant–plant mutualisms is represented by myrmecophytes sheltering colonies of some plant-ant species in hollow structures called domatia. In turn, the myrmecophytes benefit from biotic protection and sometimes nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy). Furthermore, over the course of evolution, some ant species have become social parasites of others. In this general context, we studied the relationship between its host trees and Azteca andreae (Dolichoderinae), a temporary social parasite of the plant-ant Azteca ovaticeps, and, as such, obligatorily associated with myrmecophytic Cecropia obtusa trees (Urticaceae). A first experiment showed that the δ15N values of the young leaves of Cecropia sheltering a mature A. andreae colony were very similar to those for trees sheltering Azteca alfari or A. ovaticeps, two typical Cecropia mutualists for which myrmecotrophy is known. In a second experiment, by injecting a 15N-labelled glycine solution into locusts given as prey to A. andreae colonies, we triggered an increase in δ15N in the young leaves of their host Cecropia. Thus, 15N passed from the prey to the host trees, explaining the outcomes of the first experiment. We discuss these results in light of the notion of ‘by-product benefits’. |
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Oxford Academy |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1009 |
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Derroire, Géraldine ; Piponiot, Camille ; Descroix, Laurent ; Bedeau, Caroline ; Traissac, Stéphane ; Brunaux, Olivier ; Hérault, Bruno |
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Prospective carbon balance of the wood sector in a tropical forest territory using a temporally-explicit model |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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497 |
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Exploitation forestière, Production du bois, Modélisation environnementale, planification de la gestion forestière, forêt tropicale, Aménagement forestier, Plantations, Évaluation de l'impac |
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Selective logging in tropical forests is often perceived as a source of forest degradation and carbon emissions. Improved practices, such as reduced-impact logging (RIL), and alternative timber production strategies (e.g. plantations) can drastically change the overall carbon impact of the wood production sector. Assessing the carbon balance of timber production is crucial but highly dependent on methodological approaches, especially regarding system boundaries and temporality. We developed a temporally-explicit and territory scale model of carbon balance calibrated with long-term local data using Bayesian inference. The model accounts for carbon fluxes from selective logging in natural forest, timber plantation, first transformation and avoided emissions through energy substitution. We used it to compare prospective scenarios of development for the wood sector in French Guiana. Results show that intensification of practices, through increased logging intensity conducted with RIL and establishment of timber plantations, are promising development strategies to reduce the carbon emissions of the French-Guianese wood sector, as well as the area needed for wood production and hence the pressure on natural forests. By reducing logging damage by nearly 50%, RIL allows increasing logging intensity in natural forest from 20 m3 ha−1 to 30 m3 ha−1 without affecting the carbon balance. The use of logging byproducts as fuelwood also improved the carbon balance of selective logging, when substituted to fossil fuel. Allocating less than 30 000 ha to plantation would allow producing 200 000 m3 of timber annually, while the same production in natural forest would imply logging more than 400 000 ha over 60 years. Timber plantation should be preferentially established on non-forested lands, as converting natural forests to plantation leads to high carbon emission peak over the first three decades. We recommend a mixed-strategy combining selective logging in natural forests and plantations as a way to improve long-term carbon balance while reducing short-term emissions. This strategy can reduce the pressure on natural forests while mitigating the risks of changing practices and allowing a diversified source of timber for a diversity of uses. It requires adaptation of the wood sector and development of technical guidelines. Research and monitoring efforts are also needed to assess the impacts of changing practices on other ecosystem services, especially biodiversity conservation. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1019 |
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Diatta, Bétémondji Désiré ; Niass, Ousmane ; Diouf, Massamba ; Guéye, Mathieu ; Houel, Emeline ; Boetsch, Gilles |
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Diversité et composition phytochimique des bâtonnets frotte-dents (cure-dents) proposés chez les Peul de la commune de Tessékéré (Ferlo Nord, Sénégal) |
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2021 |
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Journal of Applied Biosciences |
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158 |
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16267-16281 |
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Objectifs : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la composition phytochimique et la teneur en grandes classes chimiques des tiges les plus utilisées comme bâtonnets frotte-dents chez les peul de Widou Thiengoli au Nord Ferlo (Sénégal). Méthodes et résultats : Des entretiens ouverts semi structurés ont permis de recueillir les plantes les plus utilisées. L’indice de fidélité renseigne sur la convergence des usages quant à l’emploi des plantes comme bâtonnets frotte-dent comparé aux autres pratiques cosmétiques. L’étude de la composition phytochimique des tiges a ciblé 8 classes chimiques. Les tanins et les saponines sont très fréquents ; les terpénoïdes et les leuco-anthocyanines presque inexistants. Un dosage des flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes et polyphénols, réalisé chez des extraits aqueux, a porté sur 12 plantes. Les meilleures teneurs en polyphénols et alcaloïdes sont recueillies chez Anogeissus leiocarpa, et la meilleure en flavonoïdes chez Commiphora africana. Conclusion et applicabilité des résultats : Ces résultats permettent de sélectionner à travers la composition phytochimique des plantes, les espèces présentant de potentielles activités antimicrobiennes, car renfermant des composés phytochimique doués de fonctions germicides, au- delà de la fonction mécanique connue des bâtonnets dans l’élimination de la plaque dentaire. |
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Elewa |
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1997-5902 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1053 |
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Donald, Julian ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Chave, Jérome ; Iribar, Amaia ; Louisanna, Eliane ; Manzi, Sophie ; Roy, Melanie ; Tao, Shengli ; Orivel, Jérome ; Schimann, Heidy; Zinger, Lucie |
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Multi-taxa environmental DNA inventories reveal distinct taxonomic and functional diversity in urban tropical forest fragments |
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2021 |
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Global Ecology and Conservation |
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29 |
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e01724 |
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Urban expansion and associated habitat transformation drives shifts in biodiversity, with declines in taxonomic and functional diversity. Forests fragments within urban landscapes offer a number of ecosystem services, and help to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Here, we focus on a tropical forest environment, and on the soil biota. Using eDNA metabarcoding, we compare forest fragments within the city of Cayenne, French Guiana, with a neighbouring continuous undisturbed forest. We wished to determine if urban forest fragments conserve high levels of alpha and beta diversity as well as similar functional composition for plants, soil animals, fungi and bacteria. We found that alpha diversity is similar across habitats for plants and fungi, lower in urban forests for metazoans and higher for bacteria. We also found that urban forests communities differ from undisturbed forests in their taxonomic composition, with urban forests exhibiting greater turnover between fragments potentially caused by ecological drift and limited dispersal. However, their functional composition exhibited limited differences, with an enrichment of palms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and a depletion of climber plants and termites. Thus, although urban forest fragments do shelter soil biodiversity that differs from native forests, the losses of soil functions may be relatively limited. This study demonstrates the strong potential of a multi-taxa eDNA approach for rapid inventories across taxonomic kingdoms, in particular for cryptic soil diversity. It also demonstrates the key role of urban forest fragments in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function, and points to a need for more systematic monitoring of these areas in urban management plans. |
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1025 |
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Duplais, Christophe ; Sarou-Kanian, Vincent ; Massiot, Dominique ; Hassan, Alia ; Perrone, Barbara ; Estevez, Yannick ; Wertz, John; Martineau, Estelle ; Farjon, Jonathan ; Giraudeau, Patrick, Moreau, Carrie S. |
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Gut bacteria are essential for normal cutile development in herbivorous turtle ants |
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2021 |
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Nature Communication |
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12 |
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1-6 |
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Across the evolutionary history of insects, the shift from nitrogen-rich carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis with microbes. The herbivorous turtle ants Cephalotes possess a conserved gut microbiome which enriches the nutrient composition by recycling nitrogen-rich metabolic waste to increase the production of amino acids. This enrichment is assumed to benefit the host, but we do not know to what extent. To gain insights into nitrogen assimilation in the ant cuticle we use gut bacterial manipulation, 15N isotopic enrichment, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute to the formation of proteins, catecholamine cross-linkers, and chitin in the cuticle. This study identifies the cuticular components which are nitrogen-enriched by gut bacteria, highlighting the role of symbionts in insect evolution, and provides a framework for understanding the nitrogen flow from nutrients through bacteria into the insect cuticle. |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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Anglais |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1005 |
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Essebtey, Salma El Idrissi ; Villard, Ludovic ; Borderies, Pierre ; Koleck, Thierry ; Burban, Benoït ; Le Toan, Thuy |
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Long-Term Trends of P-Band Temporal Decorrelation Over a Tropical Dense Forest-Experimental Results for the BIOMASS Mission |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
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60 |
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1-15 |
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Fostered by the upcoming BIOMASS mission, this article explores long-term trends of P-band temporal decorrelation over a tropical forest due to a time series of 617 days acquired during the TropiScat-2 experiment. The interest in this unique time series is twofold. First, it provides consistent statistics to monitor the yearly evolution of temporal coherences according to specific time scales of the BIOMASS tomographic and interferometric phases. Second, it provides key insights to explore new processing approaches with the combination of data from different orbit directions (ascending/descending) and different mission cycles separated by about seven months according to the current acquisition plan. For the first time, this study shows that 18-day coherences (corresponding to the time interval between the first and last acquisitions of the BIOMASS tomographic processing) can vary significantly according to rainy and dry seasons (medians from 0.3 to 0.9). The extension to time intervals of up to 90 days within both seasons and over two consecutive years puts forward the key role of the typical sporadic rainfalls occurring during dry periods in tropical rainforests, with a stronger impact on temporal coherence evolution compared to the more reproducible rainy seasons. Furthermore, outstanding values significantly above zero have been obtained for the 7- and 14-month coherences (medians of 0.35 and 0.2, respectively), opening the way to new methods of change detection. Overall, this study highlights the role of P-band temporal decorrelation not only as a disturbance factor for coherent applications but also as a relevant indicator of forest changes. |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1060 |
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