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Author |
Maia, A.C.D.; Schlindwein, C.; Navarro, D.M.A.F.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Pollination of Philodendron Acutatum (Araceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil: A Single Scarab Beetle Species Guarantees High Fruit Set |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal of Plant Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Plant Sci. |
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Volume |
171 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
740-748 |
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Keywords |
Cyclocephala; floral volatiles; pollination specificity; reproductive success; thermogenesis |
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Abstract |
Philodendron acutatum (Araceae) is a hemiepiphyte common to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. In two localities, we studied the species' breeding system and associations with flower-visiting insects, along with an analysis of its floral scent composition. The fruit set of self-incompatible P. acutatum was high, more than 90%, and inflorescences were exclusively pollinated by one species of scarab beetle, Cyclocephala celata (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Pollinators are drawn toward the inflorescences at dusk by strong floral fragrances given off during the female phase of anthesis, along with endogenous heating of the spadix, whose temperatures were recorded at more than 11 degrees C above ambient air. Two other species of flower-visiting Cyclocephala were also consistently recovered in blacklight trappings during the flowering period of P. acutatum. The fact that only C. celata was found in association with P. acutatum suggests a local reproductive dependence of the plant to this scarab beetle species. Dihydro-beta-ionone and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone, a rare volatile molecule so far unreported as a floral compound, together accounted for more than 97% of the unique scent composition of P. acutatum and might be involved in specific attraction of C. celata. |
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[Dalia Maia, Artur Campos] Univ Fed Paraiba, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, Email: arturcamposmaia@yahoo.com.br |
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UNIV CHICAGO PRESS |
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1058-5893 |
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ISI:000280855800003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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46 |
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Audigeos, D.; Buonamici, A.; Belkadi, L.; Rymer, P.; Boshier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Vendramin, G.G.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Aquaporins in the wild: natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the PIP gene family in five Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Evol. Biol. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
18 |
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Background: Tropical trees undergo severe stress through seasonal drought and flooding, and the ability of these species to respond may be a major factor in their survival in tropical ecosystems, particularly in relation to global climate change. Aquaporins are involved in the regulation of water flow and have been shown to be involved in drought response; they may therefore play a major adaptive role in these species. We describe genetic diversity in the PIP sub-family of the widespread gene family of Aquaporins in five Neotropical tree species covering four botanical families. Results: PIP Aquaporin subfamily genes were isolated, and their DNA sequence polymorphisms characterised in natural populations. Sequence data were analysed with statistical tests of standard neutral equilibrium and demographic scenarios simulated to compare with the observed results. Chloroplast SSRs were also used to test demographic transitions. Most gene fragments are highly polymorphic and display signatures of balancing selection or bottlenecks; chloroplast SSR markers have significant statistics that do not conform to expectations for population bottlenecks. Although not incompatible with a purely demographic scenario, the combination of all tests tends to favour a selective interpretation of extant gene diversity. Conclusions: Tropical tree PIP genes may generally undergo balancing selection, which may maintain high levels of genetic diversity at these loci. Genetic variation at PIP genes may represent a response to variable environmental conditions. |
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[Audigeos, Delphine; Belkadi, Laurent; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, UMR EcoFoG Ecol Forets Guyane 0745, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@cirad.fr |
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BIOMED CENTRAL LTD |
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1471-2148 |
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ISI:000280369200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
47 |
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Bremaud, I.; Cabrolier, P.; Gril, J.; Clair, B.; Gerard, J.; Minato, K.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Identification of anisotropic vibrational properties of Padauk wood with interlocked grain |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
355-367 |
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Abstract |
Grain deviations and high extractives content are common features of many tropical woods. This study aimed at clarifying their respective impact on vibrational properties, referring to African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.), a species selected for its interlocked grain, high extractives content and uses in xylophones. Specimens were cut parallel to the trunk axis (L), and local variations in grain angle (GA), microfibril angle (MFA), specific Young's modulus (E' (L) /rho, where rho stands for the density) and damping coefficient (tan delta(L)) were measured. GA dependence was analysed by a mechanical model which allowed to identify the specific Young's modulus (E'(3)/rho) and shear modulus (G'/rho) along the grain (3) as well as their corresponding damping coefficients (tan delta(3), tan delta(G)). This analysis was done for native and then for extracted wood. Interlocked grain resulted in 0-25A degrees GA and in variations of a factor 2 in E'(L)/rho and tan delta(L). Along the grain, Padauk wood was characterized, when compared to typical hardwoods, by a somewhat lower E'(3)/rho and elastic anisotropy (E'/G'), due to a wide microfibril angle plus a small weight effect of extracts, and a very low tan delta(3) and moderate damping anisotropy (tan delta(G)/tan delta(3)). Extraction affected mechanical parameters in the order: tan delta(3) a parts per thousand tan delta(G) > G'/rho > > E'(3)/rho. That is, extractives' effects were nearly isotropic on damping but clearly anisotropic on storage moduli. |
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[Bremaud, Iris; Minato, Kazuya] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Lab Forest Resource Circulating Circles, Kyoto 6068522, Japan, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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0043-7719 |
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ISI:000280090400001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
48 |
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Castro, H.; Fortunel, C.; Freitas, H. |
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Title |
Effects of land abandonment on plant litter decomposition in a Montado system: relation to litter chemistry and community functional parameters |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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Volume |
333 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
181-190 |
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Keywords |
Ecosystem processes; Land use change; Leaf dry matter content; Life form; Litter quality; Mediterranean |
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Abstract |
Changes in land use and subsequent shifts in vegetation can influence decomposition through changes in litter quality (chemistry and structure) and alterations of soil temperature and moisture. Our aim was to study the effects of land abandonment on litter decomposition in a Mediterranean area of Montado, South Portugal. We tested the hypothesis that decomposition tends to slow down with abandonment, as woody species, richer in lignified structures, replace herbaceous species. We assessed the decomposition of community litter in situ using litterbag technique. To test the influence of local conditions, we simultaneously incubated a standard litter in situ. Our results showed that the shift from herbaceous to shrub-dominated communities lead to decreased decomposition rates. Changes in litter decomposition were primarily driven by changes in litter quality, even though the uneven pattern of litter mass loss over the experiment might reveal an effect from possible differences in microclimate. Shrub litter had higher nutrient content than herbaceous litter, which seemed to favour higher initial decomposition rates, but lower decomposition rate in the longer term. Shrubs also contribute to woody litter, richer in lignin, and secondary compounds that retard decomposition, and may play a role in increasing pools of slowly decomposing organic matter. |
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[Castro, Helena; Freitas, Helena] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Ctr Funct Ecol, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal, Email: hecastro@ci.uc.pt |
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SPRINGER |
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0032-079X |
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ISI:000280089400015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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49 |
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Phillips, O.L.; van der Heijden, G.; Lewis, S.L.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Lloyd, J.; Malhi, Y.; Monteagudo, A.; Almeida, S.; Davila, E.A.; Amaral, I.; Andelman, S.; Andrade, A.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.; Baker, T.R.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; de Oliveira, A.C.A.; Chao, K.J.; Cardozo, N.D.; da Costa, L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Fisher, J.B.; Fyllas, N.M.; Freitas, M.A.; Galbraith, D.; Gloor, E.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio, E.; Jimenez, E.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Lovett, J.C.; Meir, P.; Mendoza, C.; Morel, A.; Vargas, P.N.; Patino, S.; Peh, K.S.H.; Cruz, A.P.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramirez, F.; Ramirez, H.; Rudas, A.; Salamao, R.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, J.; Silveira, M.; Slik, J.W.F.; Sonke, B.; Thomas, A.S.; Stropp, J.; Taplin, J.R.D.; Vasquez, R.; Vilanova, E. |
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Title |
Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
187 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
631-646 |
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Keywords |
Amazon; Borneo; drought; lags mortality; RAINFOR; trees; tropics |
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Abstract |
The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality. |
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[Phillips, Oliver L.; van der Heijden, Geertje; Lewis, Simon L.; Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela; Lloyd, Jon; Baker, Tim R.; Chao, Kuo-Jung; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Gloor, Emanuel; Honorio, Euridice; Keeling, Helen; Quesada, Carlos A.; Schwarz, Michael] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0028-646X |
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ISI:000280122500028 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
50 |
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Author |
Quilichini, A.; Macquart, D.; Barabe, D.; Albre, J.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Reproduction of the West Mediterranean endemic Arum pictum (Araceae) on Corsica |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Plant Systematics and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Syst. Evol. |
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Volume |
287 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
179-187 |
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Keywords |
Floral volatiles; Ocimene; Insect pollination; Reproductive success; Sphaeroceridae; Thermogenesis |
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Abstract |
Pollination in the genus Arum appears to be in general a complex deceptive pollination process. The genus Arum is composed of 28 species, all belonging to the subgenus Arum, except A. pictum, the only species of the subgenus Gymnomesium, which is basal and sister to all other Arum species. The aim of this paper is to document the pollination ecology of the insular Arum pictum, the only Arum species to flower in autumn, on the island of Corsica (France). The anthesis cycle of A. pictum occurs during the day, attracting sphaerocerid flies and staphylinid beetles early in the morning and late in the afternoon of the first day. The pollen is released from the anthers early in the morning of the second day before the departure of the insects. Its thermogenic cycle matches the anthesis cycle with an original and unique, bimodal temperature pattern of the appendix (morning and afternoon), contrary to the unimodal pattern found in all other studied Arum species. Data from reproductive success and seed sets suggest that sexual reproduction in this species is limited by pollen (e.g. attracting lured insects) rather than by resources. The biology of this Western Mediterranean species appears to be different from other Western European Arum and close to some Eastern Mediterranean species. Further studies are needed to establish whether Arum pictum represents some ancestral stage or whether its peculiar biological traits are adapted to its insular distribution. |
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[Quilichini, Angelique; Gibernau, Marc] CNRS, UMR 8172, Ecole Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: marc.gibernau@ecofog.gf |
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SPRINGER WIEN |
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0378-2697 |
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Notes |
ISI:000279479800008 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
51 |
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Author |
Rutishauser, E.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B.; Nicolini, E.A.; Blanc, L. |
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Title |
Contrasting above-ground biomass balance in a Neotropical rain forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
672-682 |
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Keywords |
Biomass balance; Biomass fluxes; Forest dynamics; Permanent plots; Tropical forests |
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Abstract |
Question What are the relative roles of tree growth, mortality and recruitment in variations of above-ground biomass in tropical forests? Location Paracou, French Guiana. Methods We quantified the contribution of growth, recruitment and mortality to total biomass of stands (trees DBH >= 10 cm) in six 6.25-ha permanent plots over 16 yr. Live biomass stocks and fluxes were computed for four separate size classes. Results All plots showed increasing biomass stocks over the study period, with an average value of +0.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Plots aggrading biomass were characterized by either minor biomass losses due to mortality or substantial increases in the biomass of large trees (DBH >= 60 cm). Conclusions Within the study period, the rarity of mortality events could not counter-balance the slow permanent increase in biomass, resulting in an apparent increase in biomass. Accounting for such rare events results in no net change in biomass balance. |
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[Rutishauser, Ervan; Nicolini, Eric-Andre] Cirad, UMR AMAP, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: ervan.rutishauser@cirad.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
1100-9233 |
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ISI:000279450200005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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52 |
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Author |
Herault, B.; Ouallet, J.; Blanc, L.; Wagner, F.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Growth responses of neotropical trees to logging gaps |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Ecol. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
821-831 |
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Keywords |
canopy openings; functional traits; incidence function model; light partitioning; selective logging; tree growth rates; tropical rain forest |
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Abstract |
P>1. Modelling growth strategies among tropical trees is an important objective in predicting the response of tree dynamics to selective logging and in gaining insights into the ecological processes that structure tree communities in managed tropical forests. 2. We developed a disturbance index to model the effects of distance to and area of logging gaps on stem radial growth rates. This index was tested using census data of 43 neotropical tree species, representing a variety of life-history strategies and developmental stages, from a selectively logged forest at Paracou, French Guiana. Growth strategies were analyzed in light of two indicators: the inherent species growth rate (when disturbance index is null) and the species reaction (change in growth rate) to logging gaps. 3. Across species, the predicted inherent growth rates in unlogged forest ranged from 0 center dot 25 to 6 center dot 47 mm year-1, with an average growth of 2 center dot 29 mm year-1. Ontogenetic shifts in inherent growth rate were found in 26 of the 43 species. 4. Species growth response to logging gaps varied widely among species but was significantly positive for 27 species. The effect of ontogeny on growth response to logging was retained for 14 species, and species with inherent fast growth rate (5 mm year-1) responded less to logging gap disturbances than did species with slow inherent growth (1 mm year-1). 5. Functional traits explained 19-42% of the variation in the inherent growth rate and in species' response across all developmental stages. Whereas maximum diameters and seed mass were strong predictors of inherent growth rate, maximum height, wood density, mode of germination and stem architecture were additionally involved in tree growth response. 6. Synthesis and applications: This study provides a necessary framework for developing predictive post-logging growth models for the thousands of species comprising tropical forests and is sufficiently general to apply to a broad range of managed tropical forests. |
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Address |
[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
0021-8901 |
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Notes |
ISI:000279405100012 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
53 |
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Author |
Ruiz-Gonzalez, M.X.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
The Weaver Wasp: Spinning Fungus into a Nest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
402-404 |
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Keywords |
Allomerus decemarticulatus; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; nest architecture; Nitela constructor; wasp biology |
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Abstract |
Wasp nests range from simple to complex structures made of paper or mud. Here, we show that a Neotropical wasp of the genus Nitela builds its nest entirely by weaving endophytic fungal hyphae and spider silk harvested from the leaves growing in the understory of the rain forest in French Guiana. |
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Address |
[Ruiz-Gonzalez, Mario X.; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, UPS, EDB, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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Notes |
ISI:000279438900002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
54 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Couteron, P. |
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Title |
Fine-scale Microhabitat Heterogeneity in a French Guianan Forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
420-428 |
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Keywords |
canopy gap; geostatistics; light availability; microclimate; soil moisture; soil nutrients; topography |
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Abstract |
We examined fine-scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions in a primary rain forest in French Guiana to describe variation in microhabitats that plants may experience during establishment. We characterized both the range as well as the spatial structuring of 11 environmental factors important for seedling establishment in six hexagonal sampling grids, one each in gap and understory sites at three points representing the predominant geomorphic units in this primary forest. Each grid contained 37 sampling points separated by 31 cm-20 m. Monte-Carlo tests of semivariograms against complete spatial randomness indicated that for many variables in all six sampling grids, spatial dependence did not exceed 1 m. A principal component analysis of all sampling points revealed a lack of spatial microhabitat structure, rather than homogeneous patches associated with canopy structure or geomorphology. Our results suggest that ample fine-scale spatial heterogeneity exists to support the coexistence of plant species with differential abiotic requirements for regeneration. |
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Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000279438900005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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55 |
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