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Barriault, I.; Barabe, D.; Cloutier, L.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Pollination ecology and reproductive success in Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) in Quebec (Canada) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol. |
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Volume  |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
161-171 |
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Keywords |
Araceae; bisexual inflorescence; deceptive pollination; Mycetophilidae; pollen load; Thysanoptera; visitation rates |
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Abstract |
Pollination ecology and reproductive success of Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) were studied in two natural populations in Quebec, Canada. Individual A. triphyllum plants can be of three types: male, female or bisexual. In both populations studied, the presence of bisexual inflorescences was not negligible (13%), where 'female' and 'male' bisexual plants were categorised according to the relative number of stamens and ovaries. 'Male bisexual' plants produce only pollen and 'female bisexual' plants produce only fruit. Hence, A. triphyllum is a true dioecious plant, as each plant only reproduces through either the male or the female function. 'Female bisexual' plants were equivalent to female plants in terms of visitation rate by insects, fructification rate and production of berries and seeds. Neither agamospermy in female plants nor self-pollination in 'female bisexual' plants was found, thus A. triphyllum relies on insects for cross-pollination. Despite the long flowering cycle, a low visitation rate was documented: only 20-40% of inflorescences were visited, according to gender, by a mean of 1.5 insects. In this study, Mycetophilidae represented the most generically diversified and abundant family, as well as the most efficient insect pollinator, especially the genera Docosia and Mycetophila. |
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[Gibernau, M.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: gibernau@cict.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1435-8603 |
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ISI:000272589700017 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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89 |
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Kenne, M.; Feneron, R.; Djieto-Lordon, C.; Malherbe, M.C.; Tindo, M.; Ngnegueu, P.R.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Nesting and foraging habits in the arboreal ant Atopomyrmex mocquerysi ANDRE, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Myrmecological News |
Abbreviated Journal |
Myrmecol. News |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109-115 |
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Keywords |
Cameroon; wood-excavating ant; nest site selection; pest ant; predatory behavior; rhythm of activity; life history |
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Atopomyrmex mocquerysi ANDRE, 1889 is a West-Central African wood-excavating myrmicine species whose colonies construct galleries in the main live branches of their host trees, causing the distal parts of these branches to dry out. In southeastern Cameroon, this species was mainly found in woody savannahs that are burned annually. It was also present in the canopy of a secondary forest, but was relatively rare on trees growing along forest edges and entirely absent from the canopy of an old-growth forest. It was absent from oil palm and coffee tree plantations, rare on cocoa trees. present on 0.2% to 5.3% of the avocado, guava, mango and Citrus spp. trees monitored, and frequent on safoo trees (12.4%). A fire in a mango plantation seems to have favored its presence. The colonies generally exploit Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, and Stictococcidae. Workers forage for prey diurnally, mostly on the ground. Their predatory behavior is characterized by detection through contact. Workers recruit nestmates at short-range (within range of an alarm pheromone), rarely at long-range, after which they spread-eagle the prey and immediately cut it up on the spot. Individual workers retrieve the prey pieces. Unlike other territorially-dominant arboreal ants, A. mocquerysi is a threat to host trees because. in addition to being a wood-excavating species, its workers only slightly protect the foliage of their host tree from herbivorous insects since they mostly hunt on the ground. |
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[Kenne, Martin; Tindo, Maurice] Univ Douala, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Organismes Anim, Douala, Cameroon, Email: medoum68@yahoo.fr |
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OESTERREICHISCHE GESELL ENTOMOFAUNISTIK, C/O NATURHISTOR MUSEUM WIEN |
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1994-4136 |
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ISI:000271357700012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
97 |
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Szilagyi, A.; Scheuring, I.; Edwards, D.P.; Orivel, J.; Yu, D.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intermediate castration virulence and ant coexistence in a spatially structured environment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Lett. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1306-1316 |
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Keywords |
Cooperation; evolution of virulence; host-pathogen; mutualism; myrmecophyte; parasite; rock-paper-scissors; spatial games; tolerance; trade-off |
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Theory suggests that spatial structuring should select for intermediate levels of virulence in parasites, but empirical tests are rare and have never been conducted with castration (sterilizing) parasites. To test this theory in a natural landscape, we construct a spatially explicit model of the symbiosis between the ant-plant Cordia nodosa and its two, protecting ant symbionts, Allomerus and Azteca. Allomerus is also a castration parasite, preventing fruiting to increase colony fecundity. Limiting the dispersal of Allomerus and host plant selects for intermediate castration virulence. Increasing the frequency of the mutualist, Azteca, selects for higher castration virulence in Allomerus, because seeds from Azteca-inhabited plants are a public good that Allomerus exploits. These results are consistent with field observations and, to our knowledge, provide the first empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that spatial structure can reduce castration virulence and the first such evidence in a natural landscape for either mortality or castration virulence. |
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[Edwards, David P.; Yu, Douglas W.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England, Email: dougwyu@gmail.com |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1461-023X |
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ISI:000271631500006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
192 |
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Ponton, S.; Flanagan, L.B.; Alstad, K.P.; Johnson, B.G.; Morgenstern, K.; Kljun, N.; Black, T.A.; Barr, A.G. |
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Title |
Comparison of ecosystem water-use efficiency among Douglas-fir forest, aspen forest and grassland using eddy covariance and carbon isotope techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
294-310 |
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Keywords |
boreal forest; conifer forest; eddy covariance; grassland; stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Comparisons were made among Douglas-fir forest, aspen (broad leaf deciduous) forest and wheatgrass (C-3) grassland for ecosystem-level water-use efficiency (WUE). WUE was defined as the ratio of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate and evapotranspiration (ET) rate. The ET data measured by eddy covariance were screened so that they overwhelmingly represented transpiration. The three sites used in this comparison spanned a range of vegetation (plant functional) types and environmental conditions within western Canada. When compared in the relative order Douglas-fir (located on Vancouver Island, BC), aspen (northern Saskatchewan), grassland (southern Alberta), the sites demonstrated a progressive decline in precipitation and a general increase in maximum air temperature and atmospheric saturation deficit (D-max) during the mid-summer. The average (+/- SD) WUE at the grassland site was 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmol mol(-1), which was much lower than the average values observed for the two other sites (aspen: 5.4 +/- 2.3, Douglas-fir: 8.1 +/- 2.4). The differences in WUE among sites were primarily because of variation in ET. The highest maximum ET rates were approximately 5, 3.2 and 2.7 mm day(-1) for the grassland, aspen and Douglas-fir sites, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between WUE and D-max for all sites. We also made seasonal measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (delta(R)) in order to test for the expected correlation between shifts in environmental conditions and changes to the ecosystem-integrated ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (c(i)/c(a)). There was a consistent increase in delta(R) values in the grassland, aspen forest and Douglas-fir forest associated with a seasonal reduction in soil moisture. Comparisons were made between WUE measured using eddy covariance with that calculated based on D and delta(R) measurements. There was excellent agreement between WUE values calculated using the two techniques. Our delta(R) measurements indicated that c(i)/c(a) values were quite similar among the Douglas-fir, aspen and grassland sites, despite large variation in environmental conditions among sites. This implied that the shorter-lived grass species had relatively high c(i)/c(a) values for the D of their habitat. By contrast, the longer-lived Douglas-fir trees were more conservative in water-use with lower c(i)/c(a) values relative to their habitat D. This illustrates the interaction between biological and environmental characteristics influencing ecosystem-level WUE. The strong correlation we observed between the two independent measurements of WUE, indicates that the stable isotope composition of respired CO2 is a useful ecosystem-scale tool to help study constraints to photosynthesis and acclimation of ecosystems to environmental stress. |
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Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada, Email: larry.flanagan@uleth.ca |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000234974900013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
226 |
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Charles-Dominique, P.; Chave, J.; Dubois, M.A.; De Granville, J.J.; Riera, B.; Vezzoli, C. |
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Title |
Colonization front of the understorey palm Astrocaryum sciophilum in a pristine rain forest of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
237-248 |
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Keywords |
Astrocaryum sciophilum; French Guiana; neotropical palaeoecology; palm ecology; population edge; refuges; scatter-hoarding; seed dispersal; spatial pattern |
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Abstract |
Aims Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle (Arecaceae) is an understorey palm, endemic to north-eastern South America with a patchy distribution. We tested the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of this palm species is not in equilibrium but is slowly colonizing the forest understorey. Location Inventories and seed dispersal studies were conducted in the undisturbed tropical forest close to the Nouragues research station, French Guiana. Additional data were collected in the entire territory of French Guiana. Methods We studied the demography of A. sciophilum on a 20-ha plot located at the edge of its distribution. The age of the palms was estimated by postulating an exponentially decreasing abundance by age class. Direct seed dispersal experiments were also conducted, to estimate dispersal parameters. The seeds of A. sciophilum were dispersed only by rodents. This information was used to parameterize a forest growth simulator, to study the spatial spread of this species. Results Within the sampling plot, the density of A. sciophilum dropped sharply from about 500 individuals per hectare to zero. The maturation age was estimated to be 170+/-70 years, and over 55 years with 95% confidence. Seed-dispersal experiments yielded an average seed dispersal distance of 11 m and a maximum estimated dispersal distance of 125 m across a generational span of 55 years to maturity. Therefore, the maximal estimated colonization speed is 2.3 m/y. Conclusions Empirical results and numerical simulations suggest that the boundary of the A. sciophilum population is a colonization front, and that the range of this species is slowly expanding. The implications of this result in respect of palaeoenvironmental changes in this region are discussed. |
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Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Ecol Gen, F-91800 Brunoy, France |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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0960-7447 |
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ISI:000182184100006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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273 |
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Vedel, V.; Apostolou, Z.; Arthur, W.; Akam, M.; Brena, C. |
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An early temperature-sensitive period for the plasticity of segment number in the centipede Strigamia maritima |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Evolution & Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol Dev |
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12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
347-352 |
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1520-541X |
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WOS:000279440800002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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278 |
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Petillon, J.; Lambeets, K.; Montaigne, W.; Maelfait, J.P.; Bonte, D. |
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Habitat structure modified by an invasive grass enhances inundation withstanding in a salt-marsh wolf spider |
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2010 |
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Biological Invasions |
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12 |
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9 |
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3219-3226 |
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1387-3547 |
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WOS:000280892600033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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287 |
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Wernsdorfer, H.; Caron, H.; Gerber, S.; Cornu, G.; Rossi, V.; Mortier, F.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
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Title |
Relationships between demography and gene flow and their importance for the conservation of tree populations in tropical forests under selective felling regimes |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Conservation Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conserv. Genet. |
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12 |
Issue |
1 |
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15-29 |
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Genetic diversity; Gene flow; Population dynamics; Simulation model; Conservation; Forest management |
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Determining how tropical tree populations subject to selective felling (logging) pressure may be conserved is a crucial issue for forest management and studying this issue requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between population demography and gene flow. We used a simulation model, SELVA, to study (1) the relative impact of demographic factors (juvenile mortality, felling regime) and genetic factors (selfing, number and location of fathers, mating success) on long-term genetic diversity; and (2) the impact of different felling regimes on population size versus genetic diversity. Impact was measured by means of model sensitivity analyses. Juvenile mortality had the highest impact on the number of alleles and genotypes, and on the genetic distance between the original and final populations. Selfing had the greatest impact on observed heterozygote frequency and fixation index. Other factors and interactions had only minor effects. Overall, felling had a greater impact on population size than on genetic diversity. Interestingly, populations under relatively low felling pressure even had a somewhat lower fixation index than undisturbed populations (no felling). We conclude that demographic processes such as juvenile mortality should be modelled thoroughly to obtain reliable long-term predictions of genetic diversity. Mortality in selfed and outcrossed progenies should be modelled explicitly by taking inbreeding depression into account. The modelling of selfing based on population rate appeared to be oversimplifying and should account for inter-tree variation. Forest management should pay particular attention to the regeneration capacities of felled species. |
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[Wernsdoerfer, Holger] Ctr INRA Nancy, INRA, Lab Etude Ressources Foret Bois LERFoB, UMR1092, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: holger.wernsdoerfer@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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1566-0621 |
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ISI:000285971900002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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289 |
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Fromin, N.; Porte, B.; Lensi, R.; Hamelin, J.; Domenach, A.-M.; Buatois, B.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Title |
Spatial variability of the functional stability of microbial respiration process: A microcosm study using tropical forest soil |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Soils and Sediments |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Soils Sed. |
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12 |
Issue |
7 |
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1030-1039 |
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Disturbance; Diversity-stability relationship; Microbial diversity; Substrate-induced respiration |
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Purpose: Understanding the ability of ecosystem processes to resist to and to recover from disturbances is critical to sustainable land use. However, the spatial variability of the stability has rarely been addressed. Here, we investigated the functional stability of a soil microbial process for 24 soils collected from adjacent locations from a 0. 3 ha tropical rainforest plot in Paracou, French Guiana. Materials and methods: The 24 locations were characterized regarding soil chemical and biological (microbial diversity) parameters and forest structure. The corresponding soils were submitted to an experimental transient heat disturbance during a microcosm experiment. The response of the respiration process was followed using substrate-induced respiration (SIR). Results and discussion: The response of soil SIR to heat disturbance varied widely between samples. The variability of the SIR response increased just after the disturbance, and a global rather homogeneous decrease in SIR rates was observed 15 and 30 days after. The stability of SIR in response to heat disturbance could not be related to either the genetic or the metabolic diversity of the microbial community. The initial level of SIR before the disturbance was the soil variable that best correlated with the impact of the disturbance: the soil locations with the highest initial SIR rates were the most affected 15 and 30 days after the heat disturbance. Conclusions: Such a heterogeneous response suggests that the response of soil processes to a disturbance will be difficult to assess from only local-scale analyses and highlights the need for spatial explicitness in understanding biogeochemical processes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag. |
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UMR EcoFoG, BP 709, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana |
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14390108 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1007/s11368-012-0528-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fromin, N.; CEFE, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; email: nathalie.fromin@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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415 |
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Foken, T.; Meixner, F.X.; Falge, E.; Zetzsch, C.; Serafimovich, A.; Bargsten, A.; Behrendt, T.; Biermann, T.; Breuninger, C.; Dix, S.; Gerken, T.; Hunner, M.; Lehmann-Pape, L.; Hens, K.; Jocher, G.; Kesselmeier, J.; Luers, J.; Mayer, J.C.; Moravek, A.; Plake, D.; Riederer, M.; Rutz, F.; Scheibe, M.; Siebicke, L.; Sorgel, M.; Staudt, K.; Trebs, I.; Tsokankunku, A.; Welling, M.; Wolff, V.; Zhu, Z. |
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Coupling processes and exchange of energy and reactive and non-reactive trace gases at a forest site – results of the EGER experiment |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
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12 |
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4 |
Pages |
1923-1950 |
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Abstract |
To investigate the energy, matter and reactive and non-reactive trace gas exchange between the atmosphere and a spruce forest in the German mountain region, two intensive measuring periods were conducted at the FLUXNET site DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) in September/October 2007 and June/July 2008. They were part of the project “ExchanGE processes in mountainous Regions” (EGER). Beyond a brief description of the experiment, the main focus of the paper concerns the coupling between the trunk space, the canopy and the above-canopy atmosphere. Therefore, relevant coherent structures were analyzed for different in- and above canopy layers, coupling between layers was classified according to already published procedures, and gradients and fluxes of meteorological quantities as well as concentrations of non-reactive and reactive trace compounds have been sorted along the coupling classes. Only in the case of a fully coupled system, it could be shown, that fluxes measured above the canopy are related to gradients between the canopy and the above-canopy atmosphere. Temporal changes of concentration differences between top of canopy and the forest floor, particularly those of reactive trace gases (NO, NO2, O-3, and HONO) could only be interpreted on the basis of the coupling stage. Consequently, only concurrent and vertically resolved measurements of micrometeorological (turbulence) quantities and fluxes (gradients) of trace compounds will lead to a better understanding of the forest-atmosphere interaction. |
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[Foken, T.; Serafimovich, A.; Biermann, T.; Dix, S.; Gerken, T.; Hunner, M.; Jocher, G.; Lueers, J.; Riederer, M.; Ruetz, F.; Siebicke, L.; Staudt, K.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Email: thomas.foken@uni-bayreuth.de |
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Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh |
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English |
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1680-7316 |
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WOS:000300875900016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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464 |
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