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Leroy, C.; Gueroult, M.; Wahyuni, N.S.; Escoute, J.; Cereghino, R.; Sabatier, S.; Auclair, D. |
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Title |
Morphogenetic trends in the morphological, optical and biochemical features of phyllodes in Acacia mangium Willd (Mimosaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
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23 |
Issue |
1 |
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37-49 |
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Chlorophyll; Phyllode morphology; Phyllode anatomy; Nitrogen; Optical properties; Plant architecture |
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Endogenous variations in the annual growth of trees suggest that similar trends would occur in phyllodes. In comparison to leaves, the characteristics of phyllodes are less well known, hence this study examines the effects of architectural position and age of tree on the phyllodes of Acacia mangium. Phyllodes were investigated on 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old trees from three axis positions within the crown. We focused on the morphological, optical and biochemical traits of the phyllodes. The increase in phyllode area and lamina thickness is more pronounced in the older trees. Leaf mass area (LMA), stomatal density, nitrogen and chlorophyll content increase with tree age. The values of these characteristics decrease from the main stem to the lower branches for the older trees. Phyllode light absorptance increased with tree age whereas reflectance was higher for the upper position compared to the lower position within the crown. Carotenoid content and chlorophyll a/b ratio were higher for the younger phyllodes of younger trees. Increasing tree size induced modifications in the phyllode characteristics which are influenced by both morphogenetic and light gradients within the crown. This study demonstrated pronounced changes in terms of morphological and functional indicators of photosynthetic capacity in relation to phyllode position within the crown and to tree age. These morphogenetic effects on the phyllode characteristics should be taken into account in studies on phenotypic plasticity. |
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[Sabatier, Sylvie] CIRAD, UMR AMAP BotAnique & BioinforMat Architecture, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvie-annabel.sabatier@cirad.fr |
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0931-1890 |
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ISI:000262538700005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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206 |
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Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D. |
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Title |
Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
227-236 |
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model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature |
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The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass. |
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INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr |
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HERON PUBLISHING |
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0829-318X |
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ISI:000181841200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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246 |
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Öpik, M.; Zobel, M.; Cantero, J.J.; Davison, J.; Facelli, J.M.; Hiiesalu, I.; Jairus, T.; Kalwij, J.M.; Koorem, K.; Leal, M.E.; Liira, J.; Metsis, M.; Neshataeva, V.; Paal, J.; Phosri, C.; Põlme, S.; Reier, Ü.; Saks, Ü.; Schimann, H.; Thiéry, O.; Vasar, M.; Moora, M. |
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Global sampling of plant roots expands the described molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Mycorrhiza |
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23 |
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5 |
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411-430 |
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454-sequencing; Biogeography; Database; Diversity; Fungal macroecology; Glomeromycota |
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We aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by building a new global dataset targeting previously unstudied geographical areas. In total, we sampled 96 plant species from 25 sites that encompassed all continents except Antarctica. AMF in plant roots were detected by sequencing the nuclear SSU rRNA gene fragment using either cloning followed by Sanger sequencing or 454-sequencing. A total of 204 AMF phylogroups (virtual taxa, VT) were recorded, increasing the described number of Glomeromycota VT from 308 to 341 globally. Novel VT were detected from 21 sites; three novel but nevertheless widespread VT (Glomus spp. MO-G52, MO-G53, MO-G57) were recorded from six continents. The largest increases in regional VT number were recorded in previously little-studied Oceania and in the boreal and polar climatic zones – this study providing the first molecular data from the latter. Ordination revealed differences in AM fungal communities between different continents and climatic zones, suggesting that both biogeographic history and environmental conditions underlie the global variation of those communities. Our results show that a considerable proportion of Glomeromycota diversity has been recorded in many regions, though further large increases in richness can be expected in remaining unstudied areas. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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INRA-Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), campus agronomique, BP 709, 97387 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 25 June 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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493 |
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Csilléry, K.; Lalague, H.; Vendramin, G.G.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Fady, B.; Oddou-Muratorio, S. |
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Detecting short spatial scale local adaptation and epistatic selection in climate-related candidate genes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) populations |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Molecular Ecology |
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23 |
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19 |
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4696-4708 |
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abiotic stress; budburst phenology; FST outlier; gene network; haplotype; Ohta's test; variance components of linkage disequilibrium |
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Detecting signatures of selection in tree populations threatened by climate change is currently a major research priority. Here, we investigated the signature of local adaptation over a short spatial scale using 96 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) individuals originating from two pairs of populations on the northern and southern slopes of Mont Ventoux (south-eastern France). We performed both single and multilocus analysis of selection based on 53 climate-related candidate genes containing 546 SNPs. FST outlier methods at the SNP level revealed a weak signal of selection, with three marginally significant outliers in the northern populations. At the gene level, considering haplotypes as alleles, two additional marginally significant outliers were detected, one on each slope. To account for the uncertainty of haplotype inference, we averaged the Bayes factors over many possible phase reconstructions. Epistatic selection offers a realistic multilocus model of selection in natural populations. Here, we used a test suggested by Ohta based on the decomposition of the variance of linkage disequilibrium. Overall populations, 0.23% of the SNP pairs (haplotypes) showed evidence of epistatic selection, with nearly 80% of them being within genes. One of the between gene epistatic selection signals arose between an FST outlier and a nonsynonymous mutation in a drought response gene. Additionally, we identified haplotypes containing selectively advantageous allele combinations which were unique to high or low elevations and northern or southern populations. Several haplotypes contained nonsynonymous mutations situated in genes with known functional importance for adaptation to climatic factors. |
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CIFOR-INIA, Forest Research Centre, Carretera de La Coruña km 7.5Madrid 28040, Spain |
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Export Date: 13 January 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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579 |
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Lenoir, A.; Devers, S.; Touchard, A.; Dejean, A. |
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The Guianese population of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima is unicolonial |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Insect Science |
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Insect Science |
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23 |
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5 |
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739-745 |
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biological invasions; cuticular hydrocarbons; fire ants; unicoloniality |
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In this study, conducted in French Guiana, a part of the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima, we compared the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of media workers with previous results based on intraspecific aggressiveness tests. We noted a strong congruence between the two studies permitting us to delimit 2 supercolonies extending over large distances (up to 54 km), a phenomenon known as unicoloniality. Solenopsis geminata workers, taken as an out-group for cluster analyses, have a very different cuticular hydrocarbon profile. Because S. saevissima has been reported outside its native range, our conclusion is that this species has the potential to become invasive because unicoloniality (i.e., the main attribute for ants to become invasive) was shown at least for the Guianese population. © 2015 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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CNRS, Ecolab (UMR-CNRS 5245), Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 3 October 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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696 |
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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Corbara, B.; Orivel, J.; Compin, A. |
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The dynamics of ant mosaics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm |
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2016 |
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Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Science |
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23 |
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4 |
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630-637 |
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ant plant relationships; dynamics of associations; myrmecophytes; tropical rainforests |
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Ants, the most abundant taxa among canopy-dwelling animals in tropical rainforests, are mostly represented by territorially dominant arboreal ants (TDAs) whose territories are distributed in a mosaic pattern (arboreal ant mosaics). Large TDA colonies regulate insect herbivores, with implications for forestry and agronomy. What generates these mosaics in vegetal formations, which are dynamic, still needs to be better understood. So, from empirical research based on 3 Cameroonian tree species (Lophira alata, Ochnaceae; Anthocleista vogelii, Gentianaceae; and Barteria fistulosa, Passifloraceae), we used the Self-Organizing Map (SOM, neural network) to illustrate the succession of TDAs as their host trees grow and age. The SOM separated the trees by species and by size for L. alata, which can reach 60 m in height and live several centuries. An ontogenic succession of TDAs from sapling to mature trees is shown, and some ecological traits are highlighted for certain TDAs. Also, because the SOM permits the analysis of data with many zeroes with no effect of outliers on the overall scatterplot distributions, we obtained ecological information on rare species. Finally, the SOM permitted us to show that functional groups cannot be selected at the genus level as congeneric species can have very different ecological niches, something particularly true for Crematogaster spp., which include a species specifically associated with B. fistulosa, nondominant species and TDAs. Therefore, the SOM permitted the complex relationships between TDAs and their growing host trees to be analyzed, while also providing new information on the ecological traits of the ant species involved. © 2015 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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689 |
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Lenoir, A.; Boulay, R.; Dejean, A.; Touchard, A.; Cuvillier-Hot, V. |
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Phthalate pollution in an Amazonian rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
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23 |
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16 |
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16865-16872 |
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Phthalates are ubiquitous contaminants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can become trapped in the cuticles of insects, including ants which were recognized as good bioindicators for such pollution. Because phthalates have been noted in developed countries and because they also have been found in the Arctic, a region isolated from direct anthropogenic influence, we hypothesized that they are widespread. So, we looked for their presence on the cuticle of ants gathered from isolated areas of the Amazonian rainforest and along an anthropogenic gradient of pollution (rainforest vs. road sides vs. cities in French Guiana). Phthalate pollution (mainly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) was higher on ants gathered in cities and along road sides than on those collected in the pristine rainforest, indicating that it follows a human-mediated gradient of disturbance related to the use of plastics and many other products that contain phthalates in urban zones. Their presence varied with the ant species; the cuticle of Solenopsis saevissima traps higher amount of phthalates than that of compared species. However, the presence of phthalates in isolated areas of pristine rainforests suggests that they are associated both with atmospheric particles and in gaseous form and are transported over long distances by wind, resulting in a worldwide diffusion. These findings suggest that there is no such thing as a “pristine” zone. |
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1614-7499 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Lenoir2016 |
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700 |
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Stahl, C.; Fontaine, S.; Klumpp, K.; Picon-Cochard, C.; Grise, M.M.; Dezecache, C.; Ponchant, L.; Freycon, V.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Soussana, J.-F.; Blanfort, V. |
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Continuous soil carbon storage of old permanent pastures in Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Global Change Biology |
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Glob Change Biol |
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23 |
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8 |
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3382-3392 |
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carbon storage; CN coupling; deep soil; mixed-grass pasture; native forest |
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Amazonian forests continuously accumulate carbon (C) in biomass and in soil, representing a carbon sink of 0.42–0.65 GtC yr−1. In recent decades, more than 15% of Amazonian forests have been converted into pastures, resulting in net C emissions (~200 tC ha−1) due to biomass burning and litter mineralization in the first years after deforestation. However, little is known about the capacity of tropical pastures to restore a C sink. Our study shows in French Amazonia that the C storage observed in native forest can be partly restored in old (≥24 year) tropical pastures managed with a low stocking rate (±1 LSU ha−1) and without the use of fire since their establishment. A unique combination of a large chronosequence study and eddy covariance measurements showed that pastures stored between −1.27 ± 0.37 and −5.31 ± 2.08 tC ha−1 yr−1 while the nearby native forest stored −3.31 ± 0.44 tC ha−1 yr−1. This carbon is mainly sequestered in the humus of deep soil layers (20–100 cm), whereas no C storage was observed in the 0- to 20-cm layer. C storage in C4 tropical pasture is associated with the installation and development of C3 species, which increase either the input of N to the ecosystem or the C:N ratio of soil organic matter. Efforts to curb deforestation remain an obvious priority to preserve forest C stocks and biodiversity. However, our results show that if sustainable management is applied in tropical pastures coming from deforestation (avoiding fires and overgrazing, using a grazing rotation plan and a mixture of C3 and C4 species), they can ensure a continuous C storage, thereby adding to the current C sink of Amazonian forests. |
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1365-2486 |
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783 |
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Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
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Are radial changes in vascular anatomy mechanically induced or an ageing process? Evidence from observations on buttressed tree root systems |
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2008 |
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Trees-Structure and Function |
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Trees-Struct. Funct. |
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22 |
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4 |
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543-550 |
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wood; anatomy; mechanical loading; tree development; vessels |
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To investigate the effect of changes in mechanical loading conditions on radial anatomical patterns, we here compare the trunk with the roots in two locations of three species of buttressed trees. The proximal part of the buttress roots is highly mechanically loaded throughout juvenile growth whereas the distal part of the buttresses is though to be mechanically unimportant at formation but become progressively more mechanically loaded during growth. We measured the frequency and diameter of the vessels and the vessel area fraction, and from this calculated the specific conductivity of tissue samples of the core-, intermediate- and outer wood. As in previous studies there was an increase in vessel size, vessel area fraction and specific conductivity from the pith to the bark in the trunk. In the proximal part of the buttress roots, however, there was no increase in vessel size and conductivity from core wood and out in agreement with the high mechanical loading found here throughout growth. There was instead a decrease in vessel size, vessel area fraction and specific conductivity from core- to outer wood in the distal part of the buttress roots in accordance with the increase in mechanical loading. Hence, it appears that the radial anatomical patterns are not a passive function of cambial ageing but may be modified in response to local mechanical loading. |
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[Christensen-Dalsgaard, Karen K.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada, Email: kkchrist@ualberta.ca |
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0931-1890 |
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ISI:000257385200014 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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136 |
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Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Goldberg, D.E. |
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Differential seedling growth response to soil resource availability among nine neotropical tree species |
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2006 |
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Journal of Tropical Ecology |
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J. Trop. Ecol. |
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22 |
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487-497 |
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biomass allocation; Dicorynia; drought stress; Eperua; French Guiana; Goupia; Jacaranda; plasticity; Qualea; Recordorylon; relative growth rate; Sextonia; soil phosphorus; specific leaf area; Virola |
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Abstract |
Although the potential contribution to tropical tree species coexistence of niche differentiation along light gradients has received much attention, the degree to which species perform differentially along soil resource gradients remains unclear. To examine differential growth response to soil resources, we grew seedlings of nine tropical tree species at 6.0% of full sun for 12 mo in a factorial design of two soil types (clay and white sand), two phosphate fertilization treatments (control and addition of 100 mg P kg(-1)) and two watering treatments (field capacity and water limitation to one-third field capacity). Species differed markedly in biomass growth rate, but this hierarchy was almost completely conserved across all eight treatments. All species grew more slowly in sand than clay soils. and no species grew faster with phosphate additions. Only Eperua grandiflora and E. falcata showed significant growth increases in the absence of water limitation. Faster-growing species were characterized by high specific leaf area, high leaf allocation and high net assimilation rate but not lower root allocation. Slower-growing species exhibited greater plasticity in net assimilation rate. suggesting that tolerance of edaphic stress in these species is related more to stomatal control than to whole-plant carbon allocation. Although relative growth rate for biomass was correlated with both its physiological and morphological components. interspecific differences were best explained by differences in net assimilation rate across six of the eight treatments. A suite of traits including high assimilation and high specific leaf area maintains rapid growth rate of faster-growing species across a wide gradient of soil resources, but the lack of plasticity they exhibit may compromise their survival in the poorest soil environments. |
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Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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0266-4674 |
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ISI:000239975200001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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178 |
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