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De Deurwaerder, H.; Hervé-Fernández, P.; Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Petronelli, P.; Hoffman, B.; Bonal, D.; Boeckx, P.; Verbeeck, H. |
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Title |
Liana and tree below-ground water competition – evidence for water resource partitioning during the dry season |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
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Volume  |
38 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1071-1083 |
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To date, reasons for the increase in liana abundance and biomass in the Neotropics are still unclear. One proposed hypothesis suggests that lianas, in comparison with trees, are more adaptable to drought conditions. Moreover, previous studies have assumed that lianas have a deeper root system, which provides access to deeper soil layers, thereby making them less susceptible to drought stress. The dual stable water isotope approach (δ18O and δ2H) enables below-ground vegetation competition for water to be studied. Based on the occurrence of a natural gradient in soil water isotopic signatures, with enriched signatures in shallow soil relative to deep soil, the origin of vegetation water sources can be derived. Our study was performed on canopy trees and lianas reaching canopy level in tropical forests of French Guiana. Our results show liana xylem water isotopic signatures to be enriched in heavy isotopes in comparison with those from trees, indicating differences in water source depths and a more superficial root activity for lianas during the dry season. This enables them to efficiently capture dry season precipitation. Our study does not support the liana deep root water extraction hypothesis. Additionally, we provide new insights into water competition between tropical canopy lianas and trees. Results suggest that this competition is mitigated during the dry season due to water resource partitioning. |
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0829-318x |
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10.1093/treephys/tpy002 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
848 |
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Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Sonnier, G.; Dreyer, E. |
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Title |
Similar irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with highly different leaf mass to area ratio |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
342-355 |
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Keywords |
functional diversity; light availability; photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rainforest |
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Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis. A weak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species. We concluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective of LMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits. |
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[Dreyer, Erwin] Nancy Univ, INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, IFR Ecosyst Forestiers Agroressources Biomol & Al, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: dreyer@nancy.inra.fr |
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CSIRO PUBLISHING |
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1445-4408 |
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ISI:000275979100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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63 |
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Schimann, H.; Joffre, R.; Roggy, J.C.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M. |
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Title |
Evaluation of the recovery of microbial functions during soil restoration using near-infrared spectroscopy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Soil Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Soil Ecol. |
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37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
223-232 |
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NIRS; microbial activities; respiration; denitrification; carbon; nitrogen; soil functioning; restoration |
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Microbial-based indicators, such as C and N contents or microbial functions involved in C and N cycles, are currently used to describe the status of soils in disturbed areas. Microbial functions are more accurate indicators but their measurement for studies at the ecosystem level remains problematical because of the huge spatial variability of these processes and, consequently, of the large number of soil samples which must be analyzed. Our goal was to test the capacity of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict respiration and denitrification but also carbon and nitrogen contents of soils submitted to various procedures of restoration. To achieve this objective, we took advantage of an experiment conducted on a reforestation system established after open-cast gold mining in French Guiana. In this experimental station, plantations of various ages and various soil textures were at our disposal. Our results showed that both plantations and soil texture had a strong impact on the recovery of soil functioning: carbon and nitrogen contents, respiration and denitrification increased with age of plantation and clay content. Calibrations were performed between spectral data and microbial-based indicators using partial least squares regression (PLS). The results showed that C and N contents were accurately predicted. Microbial functions were less precisely predicted with results more accurate on clayey soils than on sandy soils. In clayey soils, perturbed or restored soils and the year of plantation were discriminated very efficiently through principal component analyses of spectral signatures (over 80% of variance explained on the first two axes). Near-infrared spectroscopy may thus be extended to the prediction of functional soil parameters, but the capacity of this method must be strengthened by expending the databases with other soils in other contexts. The possibility of using NIRS provides many opportunities for understanding both the temporal dynamics and the spatial variability of the recovery of key microbial functions during soil restoration. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: heidy.schimann@cirad.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0929-1393 |
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ISI:000250668000006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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154 |
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Degen, B.; Roubilk, D.W. |
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Title |
Effects of animal pollination on pollen dispersal, selfing, and effective population size of tropical trees: A simulation study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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36 |
Issue |
2 |
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165-179 |
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Amazon; bees; Brazil; Dipteryx; Jacaranda; model; pollination; sensitivity analysis; trees |
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Abstract |
Animals, especially insects, are principal pollen vectors of tropical trees and have behavior patterns that affect gene dispersal. Here, we explore complex pollination systems using a new simulation model Eco-Gene and considering, among other factors, flowering synchrony. spatial distribution of trees, degree of selfing, population densities, pollinator flight distances, pollen deposition, and pollinator response to floral display size. Sensitivity analyses using two contrasting tree data sets (Jacaranda copaia and Dipteryx odorata) determined the importance of each parameter on three response variables: the proportion of seeds from self-pollination, effective population size, and pollen dispersal. Spatial considerations and attractiveness of floral displays were prominent features determining the population genetic result of pollinators, and some biological implications of the results are discussed. |
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INRA, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: degen_b@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000222092900006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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264 |
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Le Lann, C.; Roux, O.; Serain, N.; Van Alphen, J.J.M.; Vernon, P.; Van Baaren, J. |
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Title |
Thermal tolerance of sympatric hymenopteran parasitoid species: does it match seasonal activity? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Physiological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Entomol. |
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36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21-28 |
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Climate change; critical thermal limits; CTmax; CTmin; dry mass; guild; hind tibia length; seasonal activities; surface to volume ratio |
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Climatic changes result in an increased in mean temperature and in a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves. For ectotherms, such as insect parasitoids, the ability to remain active under extreme climatic conditions is a significant key to fitness. The body size of individuals, and in particular their surface to volume ratio, may play a role in their resistance to thermal conditions. The thermal tolerances are investigated of two closely-related sympatric parasitoid species [Aphidius avenae Haliday and Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)] that have a similar ecology but differ in body size and phenologies. The critical thermal limits of individuals are assessed in both sexes of each parasitoid species and the influence of surface volume ratios on their thermal tolerances. Aphidius avenae is less resistant to low temperatures and more resistant to high temperatures than A. rhopalosiphi. The lower surface to volume ratio of A. avenae individuals may help them to remain active in summer when experiencing heat waves. However, body size is not the sole factor that plays a role in differences of thermal tolerance between species and body size may not be an adaptation to extreme temperatures but rather a by-product of developmental regulation. Closely-related sympatric species from the same ecological guild can have different thermal tolerances that may allow them to occur within the same habitat. The present study also highlights the importance of clearly defining how to measure critical thermal limits to determine the thermal tolerance of a species. |
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[Le Lann, Cecile; Serain, Nelly; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.; Vernon, Philippe; Van Baaren, Joan] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France, Email: cecile.lelann@univ-rennes1.fr |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6962 |
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ISI:000287790900004 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
294 |
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Author |
Bourguignon, T.; Sobotnik, J.; Lepoint, G.; Martin, J.M.; Hardy, O.J.; Dejean, A.; Roisin, Y. |
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Title |
Feeding ecology and phylogenetic structure of a complex neotropical termite assemblage, revealed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
261-269 |
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Keywords |
Diet diversity; feeding groups; Isoptera; phylogenetic autocorrelation |
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2. Nitrogen stable isotopes (hereafter delta 15N) were used to place termites from French Guiana rainforests along a wood-soil decomposition gradient, to test (i) whether feeding group assignation based on morphological characters was accurate and actually represented diet specialisation thresholds, and (ii) to what extent the dietary specialization of species is explained by phylogeny (phylogenetic autocorrelation). 3. delta 15N values vary over a range of 13 parts per thousand, suggesting that diet diversification contributes to the high species diversity in French Guiana. delta 15N values span a similar interval in all Termitidae subfamilies. Ranges of different subfamilies broadly overlap, although each of them diversified preferentially on one side of the wood-soil decomposition gradient. Congeneric species share similar feeding habits, whereas distant species tend to feed on distinct substrates. 4. Feeding groups did not completely match stable isotope data: there was no discontinuity between Groups III and IV, and no correlation between anatomical criteria used to distinguish these groups and delta 15N values. Nor was there any consistent difference in delta 15N values between wood feeders of the families Rhinotermitidae (Group I) and Termitidae (Group II). We also suggest that species feeding outside the wood-soil gradient should be distinguished for their peculiar feeding requirements. |
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[Sobotnik, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Res Team Infochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Email: sobotnik@uochb.cas.cz |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6946 |
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ISI:000288456300016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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302 |
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Author |
Abedini, R.; Clair, B.; Pourtahmasi, K.; Laurans, F.; Arnould, O. |
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Title |
Cell wall thickening in developing tension wood of artificially bent poplar trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
44-57 |
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Keywords |
developing xylem; Gelatinous layer; maturation stress; secondary wall layer; tree biomechanics |
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Abstract |
Trees can control their shape and resist gravity thanks to their ability to produce wood under tensile stress. This stress is known to be produced during the maturation of wood fibres but the mechanism of its generation remains unclear. This study focuses on the formation of the secondary wall in tension wood produced in artificially tilted poplar saplings. Thickness of secondary wall layer (SL) and gelatinous layer (GL) were measured from cambium to mature wood in several trees sampled at different times after tilting. Measurements on wood fibres produced before tilting show the progressive increase of secondary wall thickness during the growing season. After the tilting date, SL thickness decreased markedly from normal wood to tension wood while the total thickness increased compared to normal wood, with the development of a thick GL. However, even after GL formation, SL thickness continues to increase during the growing season. GL thickening was observed to be faster than SL thickening. The development of the unlignified GL is proposed to be a low cost, efficient strategy for a fast generation of tensile stress in broadleaved trees. © 2015 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie ForestièresOrléans, France |
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Notes |
Export Date: 17 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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596 |
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Author |
Remy, C.C.; Fleury, M.; Beauchene, J.; Rivier, M.; Goli, T. |
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Title |
Analysis of PAH Residues and Amounts of Phenols in Fish Smoked with Woods Traditionally Used in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Ethnobiology |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
312-325 |
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French Guiana; phenols; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; smoked fish; traditional knowledge |
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Fish smoking with local wood species is a traditional practice in French Guiana. We evaluated the carcinogenic risk and the smoky taste in acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa) smoked by a small Guianese company specializing in fish smoking using local wood species. The goal of this study is to promote regional economic development by encouraging the establishment of small companies offering fish smoked with local wood species in agreement with the European health norms in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in smoked fish. The fish smoked with three species of wood traditionally used in French Guiana, Parinari campestris, Caesaria grandiflora, and Laetia procera, conformed to European standards for PAH content. Their phenol contents (correlated with the smoky taste) were close to smoked salmon, the reference in Europe. Given the low rate of extractable compounds in these woods, other flavors had little chance of predominating on the smoky taste. These three tropical wood species might be used for the production of cold smoked fish in compliance with European standards for PAH residues. The flavor and consumer's acceptance of the smoked fish should now be investigated to characterize the added typicity of local woods in comparison to the commonly used European woods. © 2016 Society of Ethnobiology. |
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4UMR Qualisud, CIRAD Persyst Bât, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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692 |
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Author |
Gonzalès-Melo, Andrès ; Posada, Juan Manuel ; Beauchêne, Jacques ; Lehnebach, Romain ; Leviennois, Sébastien ; Rivera, Katherine ; Clair, Bruno |
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Title |
Radial variations in wood functional traits in a rain forest from eastern Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Trees |
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36 |
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569–581 |
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Trees can modify their wood structure in response to changes in mechanical, hydraulic and storage demands during their life-cycles. Thus, examining radial variations in wood traits is important to expand our knowledge of tree functioning and species ecological strategies. Yet, several aspects of radial changes in wood functional traits are still poorly understood, especially in angiosperm trees from tropical humid forests. Here, we examined radial shifts in wood traits in trunks of tropical forest species and explored their potential ecological implications. We first examined radial variations in wood specific gravity (WSG). Then, we asked what anatomical traits drove radial variations in WSG, and whether WSG, vessel fraction and specific hydraulic conductivity vary independently from each other along the radius gradients. We measured WSG and eight wood anatomical traits, at different radial positions along the trunks, in 19 tree species with contrasting shade-tolerance from a lowland tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Most species had significant radials shifts in WSG. Positive radial gradients in WSG (i.e., increments from pith to bark) were common among shade-intolerant species and were explained by different combinations of fiber and parenchyma traits, while negative radial shifts in WSG (e.g., decreases towards the bark) were present in shade-tolerants, but were generally weakly related to anatomical traits. We also found that, in general, WSG was unrelated to vessel fraction and specific hydraulic conductivity in any radial position. This study illustrates the contrasting radial variations in wood functional traits that occur in tree species from a humid lowland tropical forest. In particular, our results provide valuable insights into the anatomical traits driving WSG variations during tree development. These insights are important to expand our knowledge on tree ecological strategies by providing evidence on how wood allocation varies as trees grow, which in turn can be useful in studying trait-demography associations, and in estimating tree above-ground biomass. |
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Springer Link |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1037 |
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Author |
Courtois, E.A.; Paine, C.E.T.; Blandinieres, P.A.; Stien, D.; Bessiere, J.M.; Houel, E.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Diversity of the Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by 55 Species of Tropical Trees: a Survey in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Chem. Ecol. |
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35 |
Issue |
11 |
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1349-1362 |
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VOCs; Chemical diversity; Sesquiterpenes; Tropical; French Guiana |
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Abstract |
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by a broad range of organisms, from bacteria to mammals, and they represent a vast chemical diversity. In plants, one of the preeminent roles of VOCs is their repellent or cytotoxic activity, which helps the plant deter its predators. Most studies on VOCs emitted by vegetative parts have been conducted in model plant species, and little is known about patterns of VOC emissions in diverse plant communities. We conducted a survey of the VOCs released immediately after mechanical damage of the bark and the leaves of 195 individual trees belonging to 55 tropical tree species in a lowland rainforest of French Guiana. We discovered a remarkably high chemical diversity, with 264 distinct VOCs and a mean of 37 compounds per species. Two monoterpenes (alpha-pinene and limonene) and two sesquiterpenes (beta-caryophyllene and alpha-copaene), which are known to have cytotoxic and deterrent effects, were the most frequent compounds in the sampled species. As has been established for floral scents, the blend of VOCs is largely species-specific and could be used to discriminate among 43 of the 55 sampled species. The species with the most diverse blends were found in the Sapindales, Laurales, and Magnoliales, indicating that VOC diversity is not uniformly distributed among tropical species. Interspecific variation in chemical diversity was caused mostly by variation in sesquiterpenes. This study emphasizes three aspects of VOC emission by tropical tree species: the species-specificity of the mixtures, the importance of sesquiterpenes, and the wide-ranging complexity of the mixtures. |
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[Courtois, Elodie A.; Blandinieres, Pierre-Alain; Stien, Didier; Houel, Emeline] CNRS, UMR Ecofog, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: courtois@cict.fr |
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0098-0331 |
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ISI:000273086100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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73 |
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