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Leponce, M.;Delabie, J.H.C.;Orivel, J.;Jacquemin, J.;Calvo Martin, M.;Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Tree-dwelling ant survey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mitaraka, French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Zoosystema |
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40 |
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sp1 |
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163-179 |
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Ants constitute a substantial part of the arthropod biomass in rainforests. Most studies have focused on ground-dwelling ants, which constitute almost half of the diversity of the ant assemblage. We report here the results of the first survey of tree-dwelling ants in French Guiana on a plateau and in a swamp palm forest (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Mitaraka Mountains. We were interested in seeing the effect of topography and geographic distance on species richness and composition and to gather information on the species distribution on tree trunks. The fauna of Mitaraka was compared with one from a site 350 km distant (Petit Saut). In total 105 trees were sampled (30, 30, 45 in the plateau and the swamp forests of Mitaraka, and in Petit Saut plateau forest, respectively). Arboreal ants were attracted using tuna and honey baits spread along a rope reaching an upper branch, except for the palm swamp forest where the baits were only placed at 2 m high. A total of 34, 13 and 22 species were observed in these three respective sites. Six of these species are new records for French Guiana. In Mitaraka Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) and Crematogaster leviorLongino, 2003 co-occurred on trees (parabiotic association) and were among the most common species, along with Crematogaster tenuiculaForel, 1904 which was found on other trees (species exclusion). The Mitaraka Mountains appeared more species rich and had a species composition distinct from Petit Saut. Topography also influenced ant species composition. Almost half of the species collected by the baitline method were exclusively foraging in the canopy. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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883 |
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Bodin, S.C.; Scheel-Ybert, R.; Beauchene, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Bremond, L. |
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CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iawa J. |
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40 |
Issue |
1 |
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75-91 |
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anthracology; Charcoal anatomy; computeraided identification; Note: Supplementary material can be accessed in the online edition of this journal via brill.com/iawa.; tropical flora; Xper 2 |
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Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 'items' and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.'s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper 2 , specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification. |
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Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France |
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Brill Academic Publishers |
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09281541 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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864 |
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Ghislain, B.; Engel, J.; Clair, B.; Donaldson, L.; Baas, P. |
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Title |
Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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40 |
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4 |
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765-784 |
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Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer. |
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Brill |
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Leiden, The Netherlands |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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903 |
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Dejean, A.; Compin, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Azémar, F.; Corbara, B.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
Biotic and abiotic determinants of the formation of ant mosaics in primary Neotropical rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Entomol |
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44 |
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4 |
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560-570 |
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Ant mosaics; connections on the ground; host tree attractiveness; indicators of disturbance; primary Neotropical rainforest; territoriality |
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1. Ants are widespread in tropical rainforests, including in the canopy where territorially dominant arboreal species represent the main part of the arthropod biomass.
2. By mapping the territories of dominant arboreal ant species and using a null model analysis and a pairwise approach this study was able to show the presence of an ant mosaic on the upper canopy of a primary Neotropical rainforest (c. 1ha sampled; 157 tall trees from 28 families). Although Neotropical rainforest canopies are frequently irregular, with tree crowns at different heights breaking the continuity of the territories of dominant ants, the latter are preserved via underground galleries or trails laid on the ground.
3. The distribution of the trees influences the structure of the ant mosaic, something related to the attractiveness of tree taxa for certain arboreal ant species rather than others.
4. Small-scale natural disturbances, most likely strong winds in the area studied (presence of canopy gaps), play a role by favouring the presence of two ant species typical of secondary formations: Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior, which live in parabiosis (i.e. share territories and nests but lodge in different cavities) and build conspicuous ant gardens. In addition, pioneer Cecropia myrmecophytic trees were recorded. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0307-6946 |
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doi: 10.1111/een.12735 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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882 |
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Sprenger, P.P.; Hartke, J.; Feldmeyer, B.; Orivel, J.; Schmitt, T.; Menzel, F. |
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Influence of Mutualistic Lifestyle, Mutualistic Partner, and Climate on Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles in Parabiotic Ants |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Chem Ecol |
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45 |
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9 |
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741-754 |
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A vital trait in insects is their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, which protects the insect against desiccation and serves in chemical communication. Due to these functions, CHC profiles are shaped by both climatic conditions and biotic interactions. Here, we investigated CHC differentiation in the neotropical parabiotic ant species Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus, which mutualistically share a nest. Both consist of two cryptic species each (Cr. levior A and B and Ca. femoratus PAT and PS) that differ genetically and possess strongly different CHC profiles. We characterized and compared CHC profiles of the four cryptic species in detail. Our results suggest that Cr. levior A, Ca. femoratus PAT and Ca. femoratus PS adapted their CHC profiles to the parabiotic lifestyle by producing longer-chain CHCs. At the same time, they changed their major CHC classes, and produce more alkadienes and methyl-branched alkenes compared to Cr. levior B or non-parabiotic species. The CHC profiles of Cr. levior B were more similar to related, non-parabiotic species of the Orthocrema clade than Cr. levior A, and the chain lengths of B were similar to the reconstructed ancestral state. Signals of both the parabiotic partner (biotic conditions) and climate (abiotic conditions) were found in the CHC profiles of all four cryptic species. Our data suggest that mutualisms shaped the CHC profiles of the studied species, in particular chain length and CHC class composition. Beside this, signals of the parabiotic partners indicate potential impacts of biotic interactions, via chemical mimicry or chemical camouflage. |
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1573-1561 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Sprenger2019 |
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894 |
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Ciminera, M.; Auger-Rozenberg, M.-A.; Caron, H.; Herrera, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Tysklind, N.; Roques, A. |
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Genetic Variation and Differentiation of Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Moths of Public Health Importance in French Guiana and in Venezuela |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Journal of medical entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Med. Entomol. |
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56 |
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1 |
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137-148 |
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Hylesia moths impact human health in South America, inducing epidemic outbreaks of lepidopterism, a puriginous dermatitis caused by the urticating properties of females' abdominal setae. The classification of the Hylesia genus is complex, owing to its high diversity in Amazonia, high intraspecific morphological variance, and lack of interspecific diagnostic traits which may hide cryptic species. Outbreaks of Hylesia metabus have been considered responsible for the intense outbreaks of lepidopterism in Venezuela and French Guiana since the C20, however, little is known about genetic variability throughout the species range, which is instrumental for establishing control strategies on H. metabus. Seven microsatellites and mitochondrial gene markers were analyzed from Hylesia moths collected from two major lepidopterism outbreak South American regions. The mitochondrial gene sequences contained significant genetic variation, revealing a single, widespread, polymorphic species with distinct clusters, possibly corresponding to populations evolving in isolation. The microsatellite markers validated the mitochondrial results, and suggest the presence of three populations: one in Venezuela, and two in French Guiana. All moths sampled during outbreak events in French Guiana were assigned to a single coastal population. The causes and implications of this finding require further research. |
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INRA, Unité de Recherche Ecologie des forêts méditerranéennes, Avignon, UR629, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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19382928 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 February 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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857 |
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Author |
Marcon, E. |
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Entropy as a common measure of biodiversity and the spatial structure of economic activity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Revue Economique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Econ. |
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70 |
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3 |
Pages |
305-326 |
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Keywords |
Diversity; Economic geography; Spatial concentration; Specialization |
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Measures of spatial concentration and specialization in economics are similar to those of biodiversity and ubiquity of species in ecology. Entropy is the fundamental tool that originated in statistical physics and information theory. The definition of number equivalents or effective numbers, that is the number of types in an ideal, simplified distribution, is introduced along with the partitioning of the joint diversity of a bi-dimensional distribution into absolute and relative concentration or specialization and replication. The whole framework is theoretically robust and allows measuring the spatial structure of a discrete space. |
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AgroParisTech, UMR Écologie des forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, 97310, French Guiana |
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Presses de Sciences Po |
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00352764 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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912 |
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Author |
Ghislain, B.; Alméras, T.; Prunier, J.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Contributions of bark and tension wood and role of the G-layer lignification in the gravitropic movements of 21 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
107 |
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Bark; Biomechanics; G-layer; Lignification; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Magnoliophyta |
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Key message: Gravitropic movements in angiosperm woody stems are achieved through the action of bark and/or wood motor, depending on the bark and wood fibre anatomy (with trellis structure or not; with G-layers or not). Bark motor is as efficient as wood motor to recover from tilting in young trees of 21 tropical species. Context: Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to control their orientation through changes in stem curvature. Tension wood is classified into 3 anatomical groups: with unlignified G-layer, with lignified G-layer and without G-layer. Aims: This study aimed at assessing whether this anatomical diversity reflects a diversity in efficiency of gravitropic movement. Methods: The study was conducted on tropical seedling from the three anatomical groups. Seedlings were staked and grown tilted. At the end of the experiment, changes in curvature when releasing the stem from the stake and when removing bark were measured. Three parameters were computed to compare the global efficiency of gravitropism (stem gravitropic efficiency) and the specific efficiency of motor mechanism based on wood (maturation strain of tension wood) and bark (standardized debarking curvature). Results: The maturation strain of tension wood was similar between species with unlignified and lignified G-layer. Species without G-layer exhibited low maturation strain and large debarking curvature, showing they rely on bark for gravitropism. Bark and wood achieved similar motor efficiency. Conclusion: Lignin does not affect the generation of tensile stress in the G-layer. Bark can be as efficient as wood as a motor of gravitropic movements. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France |
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Springer |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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900 |
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Ziegler, C.; Coste, S.; Stahl, C.; Delzon, S.; Levionnois, S.; Cazal, J.; Cochard, H.; Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; Goret, J.-Y.; Heuret, P.; Jaouen, G.; Santiago, L.S.; Bonal, D. |
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Large hydraulic safety margins protect Neotropical canopy rainforest tree species against hydraulic failure during drought |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
115 |
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Amazon rainforest; Embolism resistance; Hydraulic safety margins; Turgor loss point; Water potential |
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Key message: Abundant Neotropical canopy-tree species are more resistant to drought-induced branch embolism than what is currently admitted. Large hydraulic safety margins protect them from hydraulic failure under actual drought conditions. Context: Xylem vulnerability to embolism, which is associated to survival under extreme drought conditions, is being increasingly studied in the tropics, but data on the risk of hydraulic failure for lowland Neotropical rainforest canopy-tree species, thought to be highly vulnerable, are lacking. Aims: The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge on species drought-resistance characteristics in branches and leaves and the risk of hydraulic failure of abundant rainforest canopy-tree species during the dry season. Methods: We first assessed the range of branch xylem vulnerability to embolism using the flow-centrifuge technique on 1-m-long sun-exposed branches and evaluated hydraulic safety margins with leaf turgor loss point and midday water potential during normal- and severe-intensity dry seasons for a large set of Amazonian rainforest canopy-tree species. Results: Tree species exhibited a broad range of embolism resistance, with the pressure threshold inducing 50% loss of branch hydraulic conductivity varying from − 1.86 to − 7.63 MPa. Conversely, we found low variability in leaf turgor loss point and dry season midday leaf water potential, and mostly large, positive hydraulic safety margins. Conclusions: Rainforest canopy-tree species growing under elevated mean annual precipitation can have high resistance to embolism and are more resistant than what was previously thought. Thanks to early leaf turgor loss and high embolism resistance, most species have a low risk of hydraulic failure and are well able to withstand normal and even severe dry seasons. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama |
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Springer |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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901 |
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Author |
Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Hénaut, Y.; Bonhomme, C.; Compin, A.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Ant and spider species as surrogates for functional community composition of epiphyte-associated invertebrates in a tropical moist forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ecological Indicators |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
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Pages |
694-700 |
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Keywords |
Functional traits; Indicator species; Phytotelmata; Rainforests; Surrogacy; Tank bromeliads |
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Abstract |
Epiphytes represent up to 50% of all plant species in rainforests, where they host a substantial amount of invertebrate biomass. Efficient surrogates for epiphyte invertebrate communities could reduce the cost of biomonitoring surveys while preventing destructive sampling of the plants. Here, we focus on the invertebrate communities associated to tank bromeliads. We ask whether the presence of particular ant and/or spider taxa (easily surveyed taxa) that use these plants as nesting and/or foraging habitats predicts functional trait combinations of aquatic invertebrate communities hosted by the plants. Functional community composition of invertebrates was predicted both by bromeliad habitat features and the presence of certain ant and spider species. The ant Azteca serica preferred wider bromeliad rosettes that trap large amount of detritus, indicating interstitial-like food webs dominated by deposit feeders that burrow in fine particulate organic matter. Leucauge sp. spiders preferred narrower bromeliad rosettes bearing smaller detrital loads, thereby indicating a dominance of pelagic filter-feeding and predatory invertebrates in the water-filled leaf axils. Both Neoponera villosa ants and Eriophora sp. spiders preferred rosettes at intermediate size bearing moderate amounts of detritus, indicating a benthic food web dominated by leaf shredders and gathering collectors. Owing to the animal diversity and biomass supported by rainforest epiphytes, our approach would deserve to be further tested on a range of epiphytes involved in tight interactions with invertebrates. In this context, surrogate species could serve both as indicators of functional diversity, and as early-warning indicators of network disassembly. |
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1470-160x |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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841 |
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