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Franklin, J.; Andrade, R.; Daniels, M.L.; Fairbairn, P.; Fandino, M.C.; Gillespie, T.W.; González, G.; Gonzalez, O.; Imbert, D.; Kapos, V.; Kelly, D.L.; Marcano-Vega, H.; Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J.; McLaren, K.P.; McDonald, M.A.; Ripplinger, J.; Rojas-Sandoval, J.; Ross, M.S.; Ruiz, J.; Steadman, D.W.; Tanner, E.V.J.; Terrill, I.; Vennetier, M. |
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Title |
Geographical ecology of dry forest tree communities in the West Indies |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biogeogr |
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45 |
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5 |
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1168-1181 |
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beta diversity; Caribbean; community composition; seasonally dry tropical forest; species turnover; tropical dry forest; West Indies |
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Abstract Aim Seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of the Caribbean Islands (primarily West Indies) is floristically distinct from Neotropical SDTF in Central and South America. We evaluate whether tree species composition was associated with climatic gradients or geographical distance. Turnover (dissimilarity) in species composition of different islands or among more distant sites would suggest communities structured by speciation and dispersal limitations. A nested pattern would be consistent with a steep resource gradient. Correlation of species composition with climatic variation would suggest communities structured by broad-scale environmental filtering. Location The West Indies (The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Providencia (Colombia), south Florida (USA) and Florida Keys (USA). Taxon Seed plants?woody taxa (primarily trees). Methods We compiled 572 plots from 23 surveys conducted between 1969 and 2016. Hierarchical clustering of species in plots, and indicator species analysis for the resulting groups of sites, identified geographical patterns of turnover in species composition. Nonparametric analysis of variance, applied to principal components of bioclimatic variables, determined the degree of covariation in climate with location. Nestedness versus turnover in species composition was evaluated using beta diversity partitioning. Generalized dissimilarity modelling partitioned the effect of climate versus geographical distance on species composition. Results Despite a set of commonly occurring species, SDTF tree community composition was distinct among islands and was characterized by spatial turnover on climatic gradients that covaried with geographical gradients. Greater Antillean islands were characterized by endemic indicator species. Northern subtropical areas supported distinct, rather than nested, SDTF communities in spite of low levels of endemism. Main conclusions The SDTF species composition was correlated with climatic variation. SDTF on large Greater Antillean islands (Hispaniola, Jamaica and Cuba) was characterized by endemic species, consistent with their geological history and the biogeography of plant lineages. These results suggest that both environmental filtering and speciation shape Caribbean SDTF tree communities. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0305-0270 |
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doi: 10.1111/jbi.13198 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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846 |
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Zinger, L.; Taberlet, P.; Schimann, H.; Bonin, A.; Boyer, F.; De Barba, M.; Gaucher, P.; Gielly, L.; Giguet-Covex, C.; Iribar, A.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Rayé, G.; Rioux, D.; Schilling, V.; Tymen, B.; Viers, J.; Zouiten, C.; Thuiller, W.; Coissac, E.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Body size determines soil community assembly in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Ecol |
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28 |
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3 |
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528-543 |
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DNA metabarcoding; eDNA; French Guiana; multitaxa; neutral assembly; niche determinism; propagule size; soil diversity |
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Tropical forests shelter an unparalleled biological diversity. The relative influence of environmental selection (i.e., abiotic conditions, biotic interactions) and stochastic?distance-dependent neutral processes (i.e., demography, dispersal) in shaping communities has been extensively studied for various organisms, but has rarely been explored across a large range of body sizes, in particular in soil environments. We built a detailed census of the whole soil biota in a 12-ha tropical forest plot using soil DNA metabarcoding. We show that the distribution of 19 taxonomic groups (ranging from microbes to mesofauna) is primarily stochastic, suggesting that neutral processes are prominent drivers of the assembly of these communities at this scale. We also identify aluminium, topography and plant species identity as weak, yet significant drivers of soil richness and community composition of bacteria, protists and to a lesser extent fungi. Finally, we show that body size, which determines the scale at which an organism perceives its environment, predicted the community assembly across taxonomic groups, with soil mesofauna assemblages being more stochastic than microbial ones. These results suggest that the relative contribution of neutral processes and environmental selection to community assembly directly depends on body size. Body size is hence an important determinant of community assembly rules at the scale of the ecological community in tropical soils and should be accounted for in spatial models of tropical soil food webs. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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873 |
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Clair, B.; Ghislain, B.; Prunier, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Beauchene, J.; Alméras, T. |
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Mechanical contribution of secondary phloem to postural control in trees: the bark side of the force |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytol |
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221 |
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1 |
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209-217 |
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bark; Malvaceae; maturation stress; secondary phloem; tree biomechanics |
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Summary To grow straight, plants need a motor system that controls posture by generating forces to offset gravity. This motor function in trees was long thought to be only controlled by internal forces induced in wood. Here we provide evidence that bark is involved in the generation of mechanical stresses in several tree species. Saplings of nine tropical species were grown tilted and staked in a shadehouse and the change in curvature of the stem was measured after releasing from the pole and after removing the bark. This first experiment evidenced the contribution of bark in the up-righting movement of tree stems. Combined mechanical measurements of released strains on adult trees and microstructural observations in both transverse and longitudinal/tangential plane enabled us to identify the mechanism responsible for the development of asymmetric mechanical stress in the bark of stems of these species. This mechanism does not result from cell wall maturation like in wood, or from the direct action of turgor pressure like in unlignified organs, but is the consequence of the interaction between wood radial pressure and a smartly organized trellis structure in the inner bark. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0028-646x |
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doi: 10.1111/nph.15375 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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853 |
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Piponiot, C.; Sist, P.; Mazzei, L.; Peña-Claros, M.; Putz, F.E.; Rutishauser, E.; Shenkin, A.; Ascarrunz, N.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Baraloto, C.; França, M.; Guedes, M.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; d'Oliveira, M.V.N.; Ruschel, A.R.; da Silva, K.E.; Doff Sotta, E.; de Souza, C.R.; Vidal, E.; West, T.A.P.; Herault, B. |
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Carbon recovery dynamics following disturbance by selective logging in Amazonian forests |
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2016 |
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eLife |
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5 |
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e21394 |
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When 2 Mha of Amazonian forests are disturbed by selective logging each year, more than 90 Tg of carbon (C) is emitted to the atmosphere. Emissions are then counterbalanced by forest regrowth. With an original modelling approach, calibrated on a network of 133 permanent forest plots (175 ha total) across Amazonia, we link regional differences in climate, soil and initial biomass with survivors' and recruits' C fluxes to provide Amazon-wide predictions of post-logging C recovery. We show that net aboveground C recovery over 10 years is higher in the Guiana Shield and in the west (21{plus minus}3 MgC ha-1) than in the south (12{plus minus}3 MgC ha-1) where environmental stress is high (low rainfall, high seasonality). We highlight the key role of survivors in the forest regrowth and elaborate a comprehensive map of post-disturbance C recovery potential in Amazonia. |
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eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
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Trumbore, S. |
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2050-084x |
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702 |
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Richard-Hansen, C.; Davy, D.; Longin, G.; Gaillard, L.; Renoux, F.; Grenand, P.; Rinaldo, R. |
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Hunting in French Guiana Across Time, Space and Livelihoods |
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2019 |
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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7 |
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289 |
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Hunting sustainability in Amazonian ecosystems is a key challenge for modern stakeholders. Predictive models have evolved from first mostly biological data-based to more recent modelling including human behavior. We analyze here the hunting data collected in French Guiana through a panel of indices aiming at drawing the puzzle of parameters influencing hunting activity and impact in various socio ecological conditions across the country. Data were collected from five different study sites differing in cultural origins and remoteness from market economy, and over a ten years period. Most indices show an impact on wildlife populations, and using a full set of indicators allowed us to better understand some underlying mechanisms that lead to a community’s hunting profile. The results showed that there are noticeable differences between the study sites in the practices and the ways hunters face the changes in environment and resources availability |
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2296-701x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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880 |
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Aguilos, M.; Hérault, B.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Bonal, D. |
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What drives long-term variations in carbon flux and balance in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana? |
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2018 |
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Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
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253–254 |
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114-123 |
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Tropical rainforest; Nee; Gpp; Ecosystem respiration; Radiation; Drought |
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A thorough understanding of how tropical forests respond to climate is important to improve ecosystem process models and to reduce uncertainties in current and future global carbon balance calculations. The Amazon rainforest, a major contributor to the global carbon cycle, is subject to strong intra- and interannual variations in climate conditions. Understanding their effect on carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere and on the resulting carbon balance is still incomplete. We examined the long-term (over a 12-year period; 2004–2015) variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana and identified key climatic drivers influencing the changes. The study period was characterized by strong differences in climatic conditions among years, particularly differences in the intensity of the dry and wet seasons, as well as differences in annual carbon fluxes and balance. Annual average GPP varied from 3384.9?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [3320.7, 3445.9]) to 4061.2?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [3980.1, 4145.0]). RE varied even more than GPP, with a difference of 933.1?C?m-2?yr?1 between the minimum (3020.6?g?C?m-2?yr?1; 95% CI [2889.4, 3051.3]) and maximum (3953.7?g?C?m-2?yr?1; 95% CI [3887.6, 4019.6]) values. Although NEE showed large interannual variability (nine-fold), from ?65.6?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [?4.4, ?126.0]) to ?590.5?g?C?m-2 yr?1 (95% CI [?532.3, ?651.6]), the forest remained a carbon sink over the 12-year period. A combination of global radiation (Rg), relative extractable water (REW) and soil temperature (Ts) explained 51% of the daily variations for GPP, 30% for RE and 39% for NEE. Global radiation was always the best predictor of these variations, but soil water content and temperature did also influence carbon fluxes and balance. Seasonally, Rg was the major controlling factor for GPP, RE and NEE during the wet season. During the dry season, variations in carbon fluxes and balance were poorly explained by climate factors. Yet, REW was the key driver of variations in NEE during the dry season. This study highlights that, over the long-term, carbon fluxes and balance in such tropical rainforest ecosystems are largely controlled by both radiation and water limitation. Even though variations in Rg have a greater impact on these fluxes, water limitation during seasonal droughts is enough to reduce ecosystem productivity, respiration and carbon uptake. The reduced precipitation expected in tropical rainforest areas under future climatic conditions will therefore strongly influence carbon fluxes and carbon uptake. This study also highlights the importance for land surface or dynamic global vegetation models to consider the main drivers of carbon fluxes and balance separately for dry and wet seasons. |
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0168-1923 |
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792 |
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Wagner, F.H.; Herault, B.; Bonal, D.; Stahl, C.; Anderson, L.O.; Baker, T.R.; Sebastian Becker, G.; Beeckman, H.; Boanerges Souza, D.; Cesar Botosso, P.; Bowman, D.M.J.S.; Bräuning, A.; Brede, B.; Irving Brown, F.; Julio Camarero, J.; Camargo, P.B.; Cardoso, F.C.G.; Carvalho, F.A.; Castro, W.; Koloski Chagas, R.; Chave, J.; Chidumayo, E.N.; Clark, D.A.; Regina Capellotto Costa, F.; Couralet, C.; Henrique Da Silva Mauricio, P.; Dalitz, H.; Resende De Castro, V.; Milani, J.E.D.F.; Consuelo De Oliveira, E.; De Souza Arruda, L.; Devineau, J.L.; Drew, D.M.; Dünisch, O.; Durigan, G.; Elifuraha, E.; Fedele, M.; Ferreira Fedele, L.; Figueiredo Filho, A.; Finger, C.A.G.; César Franco, A.; Jnior, L.F.; Galvão, F.; Gebrekirstos, A.; Gliniars, R.; Maurício Lima De Alencastro Graça, P.; Griffiths, A.D.; Grogan, J.; Guan, K.; Homeier, J.; Raquel Kanieski, M.; Khoon Kho, L.; Koenig, J.; Valerio Kohler, S.; Krepkowski, J.; Lemos-Filho, J.P.; Lieberman, D.; Eugene Lieberman, M.; Sergio Lisi, C.; Longhi Santos, T.; Ayala, J.L.L.; Eijji Maeda, E.; Malhi, Y.; Maria, V.R.B.; Marques, M.C.M.; Marques, R.; Maza Chamba, H.; Mbwambo, L.; Liana Lisboa Melgaço, K.; Angela Mendivelso, H.; Murphy, B.P.; O'Brien, J.J.; F. Oberbauer, S.; Okada, N.; Plissier, R.; Prior, L.D.; Alejandro Roig, F.; Ross, M.; Rodrigo Rossatto, D.; Rossi, V.; Rowland, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Santana, H.; Schulze, M.; Selhorst, D.; Rodrigues Silva, W.; Silveira, M.; Spannl, S.; Swaine, M.D.; Toledo, J.J.; Miranda Toledo, M.; Toledo, M.; Toma, T.; Tomazello Filho, M.; Ignacio Valdez Hernández, J.; Verbesselt, J.; Aparecida Vieira, S.; Vincent, G.; Volkmer De Castilho, C.; Volland, F.; Worbes, M.; Lea Bolzan Zanon, M.; Aragão, L.E.O.C. |
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Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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13 |
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8 |
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2537-2562 |
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The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1. Author(s) 2016. |
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College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 20 May 2016 |
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680 |
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Houel, E.; Nardella, F.; Jullian, V.; Valentin, A.; Vonthron-Sénécheau, C.; Villa, P.; Obrecht, A.; Kaiser, M.; Bourreau, E.; Odonne, G.; Fleury, M.; Bourdy, G.; Eparvier, V.; Deharo, E.; Stien, D. |
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Wayanin and guaijaverin, two active metabolites found in a Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC (syn. P. persoonii McVaugh) (Myrtaceae) antimalarial decoction from the Wayana Amerindians |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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187 |
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241-248 |
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Antimalarial; Cytokines; French guiana; Glycosylated flavonols; Psidium acutangulum; Traditional remedy |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC is a small tree used by the Wayana Amerindians from the Upper-Maroni in French Guiana for the treatment of malaria. Aim of the study In a previous study, we highlighted the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the traditional decoction of P. acutangulum aerial parts. Our goal was then to investigate on the origin of the biological activity of the traditional remedy, and eventually characterize active constituents. Materials and methods Liquid-liquid extractions were performed on the decoction, and the antiplasmodial activity evaluated against chloroquine-resistant FcB1 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) and 7G8 (pLDH bioassay) P. falciparum strains, and on a chloroquine sensitive NF54 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) P. falciparum strain. The ethyl acetate fraction (D) was active and underwent bioguided fractionation. All the isolated compounds were tested on P. falciparum FcB1 strain. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) of the ethyl acetate fraction and of an anti-Plasmodium active compound, was concurrently assessed on LPS-stimulated human PBMC and NO secretion inhibition was measured on LPS stimulated RAW murine macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the fractions and pure compounds was measured on VERO cells, L6 mammalian cells, PBMCs, and RAW cells. Results Fractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (IC50 ranging from 3.4 to <1 μg/mL depending on the parasite strain) led to the isolation of six pure compounds: catechin and five glycosylated quercetin derivatives. These compounds have never been isolated from this plant species. Two of these compounds (wayanin and guaijaverin) were found to be moderately active against P. falciparum FcB1 in vitro (IC50 5.5 and 6.9 μM respectively). We proposed the name wayanin during public meetings organized in June 2015 in the Upper-Maroni villages, in homage to the medicinal knowledge of the Wayana population. At 50 μg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction (D) significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion (-46%) and NO production (-21%), as previously observed for the decoction. The effects of D and guiajaverin (4) on the secretion of other cytokines or NO production were not significant. Conclusions The confirmed antiplasmodial activity of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the decoction and of the isolated compounds support the previous results obtained on the P. acutangulum decoction. The antiplasmodial activity might be due to a mixture of moderately active non-toxic flavonoids. The anti-inflammatory activities were less marked for ethyl acetate fraction (D) than for the decoction. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France |
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Export Date: 20 May 2016 |
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Vastra, M.; Salvin, P.; Roos, C. |
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MIC of carbon steel in Amazonian environment: Electrochemical, biological and surface analyses |
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2016 |
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International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
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International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
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112 |
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98-107 |
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Biology; Electrochemistry; Mic; Short term; Surface analyses |
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In this study, the corrosion of S355 carbon steel was monitored for 50 days in equatorial environment. The experiments were conducted under three complementary approaches in a natural environment: (i) bacterial diversity was assessed with Miseq sequencing, (ii) observations of the surface and identifications of deposit compounds were realised with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrometry and EDX analyses, (iii) electrochemical measurements were used to calculate corrosion rate and to identify the phenomena which control corrosion. The results showed that the bacterial population had changed over immersion time from a dominance of β-proteobacteria to α-proteobacteria. This evolution decreased charge transfer resistance at the metal/deposit from 41.6 to 20.8 Ω/cm2 in 50 days, caused an increase in the corrosion rate by a factor of 2, from 0.13 to 0.27 mm/year. Surface analyses showed a progressive appearance of MIC markers in the deposit such as iron sulphide and manganese oxides that were detected after 30 days of immersion in the natural environment. In conclusion, this study describes in detail, the first stage of MIC activity on carbon steel surface in an equatorial brackish water, under aerobic conditions. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Laboratoire des Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, Université des Antilles, UMR ECOFOG, Campus Universitaire, Schœlcher, Martinique |
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Export Date: 1 June 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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681 |
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Fargeon, H.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Brunaux, O.; Descroix, L.; Gaspard, R.; Guitet, S.; Rossi, V.; Herault, B. |
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Vulnerability of commercial tree species to water stress in logged forests of the Guiana shield |
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2016 |
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Forests |
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Forests |
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7 |
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5 |
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Climate change; Growth rates; Mortality rates; Paracou; Selective logging |
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The future of tropical managed forests is threatened by climate change. In anticipation of the increase in the frequency of drought episodes predicted by climatic models for intertropical regions, it is essential to study commercial trees' resilience and vulnerability to water stress by identifying potential interaction effects between selective logging and stress due to a lack of water. Focusing on 14 species representing a potential or acknowledged commercial interest for wood production in the Guiana Shield, a joint model coupling growth and mortality for each species was parametrized, including a climatic variable related to water stress and the quantity of aboveground biomass lost after logging. For the vast majority of the species, water stress had a negative impact on growth rate, while the impact of logging was positive. The opposite results were observed for the mortality. Combining results from growth and mortality models, we generate vulnerability profiles and ranking from species apparently quite resistant to water stress (Chrysophyllum spp., Goupia glabra Aubl., Qualea rosea Aubl.), even under logging pressure, to highly vulnerable species (Sterculia spp.). In light of our results, forest managers in the Guiana Shield may want to conduct (i) a conservation strategy of the most vulnerable species and (ii) a diversification of the logged species. Conservation of the already-adapted species may also be considered as the most certain way to protect the tropical forests under future climates. © 2016 by the authors. |
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Université de Yaoundé I, UMMISCO (UMI 209), Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Export Date: 11 June 2016 |
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682 |
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