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ter Steege, H.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Peres, C.A.; Guevara, J.E.; Salomão, R.P.; Castilho, C.V.; Amaral, I.L.; de Almeida Matos, F.D.; de Souza Coelho, L.; Magnusson, W.E.; Phillips, O.L.; de Andrade Lima Filho, D.; de Jesus Veiga Carim, M.; Irume, M.V.; Martins, M.P.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Wittmann, F.; López, D.C.; da Silva Guimarães, J.R.; Mendoza, A.M.; Vargas, P.N.; Manzatto, A.G.; Reis, N.F.C.; Terborgh, J.; Casula, K.R.; Montero, J.C.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Montoya, A.J.D.; Zartman, C.E.; Mostacedo, B.; Vasquez, R.; Assis, R.L.; Medeiros, M.B.; Simon, M.F.; Andrade, A.; Camargo, J.L.; Laurance, S.G.W.; Nascimento, H.E.M.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon, B.-H.; Costa, F.; Targhetta, N.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Brienen, R.; Castellanos, H.; Duivenvoorden, J.F.; Mogollón, H.F.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Aymard C., G.A.; Comiskey, J.A.; Damasco, G.; Dávila, N.; García-Villacorta, R.; Diaz, P.R.S.; Vincentini, A.; Emilio, T.; Levis, C.; Schietti, J.; Souza, P.; Alonso, A.; Dallmeier, F.; Ferreira, L.V.; Neill, D.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arroyo, L.; Carvalho, F.A.; Souza, F.C.; Amaral, D.D. do; Gribel, R.; Luize, B.G.; Pansonato, M.P.; Venticinque, E.; Fine, P.; Toledo, M.; Baraloto, C.; Cerón, C.; Engel, J.; Henkel, T.W.; Jimenez, E.M.; Maas, P.; Mora, M.C.P.; Petronelli, P.; Revilla, J.D.C.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Baker, T.R.; Daly, D.; Paredes, M.R.; da Silva, N.F.; Fuentes, A.; Jørgensen, P.M.; Schöngart, J.; Silman, M.R.; Arboleda, N.C.; Cintra, B.B.L.; Valverde, F.C.; Di Fiore, A.; Phillips, J.F.; van Andel, T.R.; von Hildebrand, P.; Barbosa, E.M.; de Matos Bonates, L.C.; de Castro, D.; de Sousa Farias, E.; Gonzales, T.; Guillaumet, J.-L.; Hoffman, B.; Malhi, Y.; de Andrade Miranda, I.P.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Ruschell, A.R.; Silva, N.; Vela, C.I.A.; Vos, V.A.; Zent, E.L.; Zent, S.; Cano, A.; Nascimento, M.T.; Oliveira, A.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Ramos, J.F.; Sierra, R.; Tirado, M.; Medina, M.N.U.; van der Heijden, G.; Torre, E.V.; Vriesendorp, C.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Baider, C.; Balslev, H.; de Castro, N.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Ferreira, C.; Mendoza, C.; Mesones, I.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Giraldo, L.E.U.; Villarroel, D.; Zagt, R.; Alexiades, M.N.; Garcia-Cabrera, K.; Hernandez, L.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Milliken, W.; Cuenca, W.P.; Pansini, S.; Pauletto, D.; Arevalo, F.R.; Sampaio, A.F.; Valderrama Sandoval, E.H.; Gamarra, L.V. |
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Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species |
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2015 |
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Science Advances |
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Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century. |
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Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Gazull, L.; Bigombe Logo, P.; Billand, A.; Bolaluembe, P.-C.; Boyemba, F.; Dessard, H.; Doucet, J.-L.; Doumenge, C.; Dubiez, E.; Durrieu De Madron, L.; Feintrenie, L.; Fomete, T.; Garcia, C.; Gillet, J.-F.; Herault, B.; Karsenty, A.; Menga, P.; Ngoya Kessy, A.M.; Pietsch, S.; Putz, J.; Rossi, V.; Sayer, J.; Sist, P.; Zongang Ngongang, A.A. |
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Are logging concessions a threat to the peatlands in DRC? |
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2017 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Université du Maine, France |
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Export Date: 23 January 2018 |
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Levionnois, S.; Tysklind, N.; Nicolini, E.; Ferry, B.; Troispoux, V.; Le Moguedec, G.; Morel, H.; Stahl, C.; Coste, S.; Caron, H.; Heuret, P. |
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Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree |
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2020 |
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bioRxiv, peer-reviewed by Peer Community in Ecology |
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v4 |
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Trait-environment relationships have been described at the community level across tree species. However, whether interspecific trait-environment relationships are consistent at the intraspecific level is yet unknown. Moreover, we do not know how consistent is the response between organ vs. whole-tree level.We examined phenotypic variability for 16 functional leaf (dimensions, nutrient, chlorophyll) and wood traits (density) across two soil types, Ferralitic Soil (FS) vs. White Sands (WS), on two sites for 70 adult trees of Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a widespread pioneer Neotropical genus that generally dominates early successional forest stages. To understand how soil types impact resource-use through the processes of growth and branching, we examined the architectural development with a retrospective analysis of growth trajectories. We expect soil types to affect both, functional traits in relation to resource acquisition strategy as already described at the interspecific level, and growth strategies due to resource limitations with reduced growth on poor soils.Functional traits were not involved in the soil response, as only two traits-leaf residual water content and K content-showed significant differences across soil types. Soil effects were stronger on growth trajectories, with WS trees having the slowest growth trajectories and less numerous branches across their lifespan.The analysis of growth trajectories based on architectural analysis improved our ability to characterise the response of trees with soil types. The intraspecific variability is higher for growth trajectories than functional traits for C. obtusa, revealing the complementarity of the architectural approach with the functional approach to gain insights on the way trees manage their resources over their lifetime. Soil-related responses of Cecropia functional traits are not the same as those at the interspecific level, suggesting that the effects of the acting ecological processes are different between the two levels. Apart from soil differences, much variation was found across sites, which calls for further investigation of the factors shaping growth trajectories in tropical forests. |
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Rifflet, A.; Tene, N.; Orivel, J.; Treilhou, M.; Dejean, A.; Vetillard, A. |
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Paralyzing Action from a Distance in an Arboreal African Ant Species |
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2011 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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12 |
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Due to their prowess in interspecific competition and ability to catch a wide range of arthropod prey (mostly termites with which they are engaged in an evolutionary arms race), ants are recognized as a good model for studying the chemicals involved in defensive and predatory behaviors. Ants' wide diversity of nesting habits and relationships with plants and prey types implies that these chemicals are also very diverse. Using the African myrmicine ant Crematogaster striatula as our focal species, we adopted a three-pronged research approach. We studied the aggressive and predatory behaviors of the ant workers, conducted bioassays on the effect of their Dufour gland contents on termites, and analyzed these contents. (1) The workers defend themselves or eliminate termites by orienting their abdominal tip toward the opponent, stinger protruded. The chemicals emitted, apparently volatile, trigger the recruitment of nestmates situated in the vicinity and act without the stinger having to come into direct contact with the opponent. Whereas alien ants competing with C. striatula for sugary food sources are repelled by this behavior and retreat further and further away, termites defend their nest whatever the danger. They face down C. striatula workers and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. (2) The bioassays showed that the toxicity of the Dufour gland contents acts in a time-dependent manner, leading to the irreversible paralysis, and, ultimately, death of the termites. (3) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the Dufour gland contains a mixture of mono- or polyunsaturated long-chain derivatives, bearing functional groups like oxo-alcohols or oxo-acetates. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed the presence of a molecule of 1584 Da that might be a large, acetylated alkaloid capable of splitting into smaller molecules that could be responsible for the final degree of venom toxicity. |
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Basset, Y.; Cizek, L.; Cuénoud, P.; Didham, R.K.; Novotny, V.; Ødegaard, F.; Roslin, T.; Tishechkin, A.K.; Schmidl, J.; Winchester, N.N.; Roubik, D.W.; Aberlenc, H.-P.; Bail, J.; Barrios, H.; Bridle, J.R.; Castaño-Meneses, G.; Corbara, B.; Curletti, G.; Duarte da Rocha, W.; De Bakker, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A.; Fagan, L.L.; Floren, A.; Kitching, R.L.; Medianero, E.; Gama de Oliveira, E.; Orivel, J.; Pollet, M.; Rapp, M.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Roisin, Y.; Schmidt, J.B.; Sørensen, L.; Lewinsohn, T.M.; Leponce, M. |
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Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle |
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2015 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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Quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of arthropods in tropical rainforests represents a first step towards scrutinizing the global distribution of biodiversity on Earth. To date most studies have focused on narrow taxonomic groups or lack a design that allows partitioning of the components of diversity. Here, we consider an exceptionally large dataset (113,952 individuals representing 5,858 species), obtained from the San Lorenzo forest in Panama, where the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa was surveyed using 14 protocols targeting the soil, litter, understory, lower and upper canopy habitats, replicated across seasons in 2003 and 2004. This dataset is used to explore the relative influence of horizontal, vertical and seasonal drivers of arthropod distribution in this forest. We considered arthropod abundance, observed and estimated species richness, additive decomposition of species richness, multiplicative partitioning of species diversity, variation in species composition, species turnover and guild structure as components of diversity. At the scale of our study (2km of distance, 40m in height and 400 days), the effects related to the vertical and seasonal dimensions were most important. Most adult arthropods were collected from the soil/litter or the upper canopy and species richness was highest in the canopy. We compared the distribution of arthropods and trees within our study system. Effects related to the seasonal dimension were stronger for arthropods than for trees. We conclude that: (1) models of beta diversity developed for tropical trees are unlikely to be applicable to tropical arthropods; (2) it is imperative that estimates of global biodiversity derived from mass collecting of arthropods in tropical rainforests embrace the strong vertical and seasonal partitioning observed here; and (3) given the high species turnover observed between seasons, global climate change may have severe consequences for rainforest arthropods. |
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Grabchak, M.; Marcon, E.; Lang, G.; Zhang, Z. |
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The generalized Simpson’s entropy is a measure of biodiversity |
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2017 |
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Plos One |
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Plos One |
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Modern measures of diversity satisfy reasonable axioms, are parameterized to produce diversity profiles, can be expressed as an effective number of species to simplify their interpretation, and come with estimators that allow one to apply them to real-world data. We introduce the generalized Simpson’s entropy as a measure of diversity and investigate its properties. We show that it has many useful features and can be used as a measure of biodiversity. Moreover, unlike most commonly used diversity indices, it has unbiased estimators, which allow for sound estimation of the diversity of poorly sampled, rich communities. |
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Wagner, F.H.; Herault, B.; Rossi, V.; Hilker, T.; Maeda, E.E.; Sanchez, A.; Lyapustin, A.I.; Galvão, L.S.; Wang, Y.; Aragão, L.E.O.C. |
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Climate drivers of the Amazon forest greening |
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2017 |
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PLoS ONE |
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Our limited understanding of the climate controls on tropical forest seasonality is one of the biggest sources of uncertainty in modeling climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Combining leaf production, litterfall and climate observations from satellite and ground data in the Amazon forest, we show that seasonal variation in leaf production is largely triggered by climate signals, specifically, insolation increase (70.4% of the total area) and precipitation increase (29.6%). Increase of insolation drives leaf growth in the absence of water limitation. For these non-water-limited forests, the simultaneous leaf flush occurs in a sufficient proportion of the trees to be observed from space. While tropical cycles are generally defined in terms of dry or wet season, we show that for a large part of Amazonia the increase in insolation triggers the visible progress of leaf growth, just like during spring in temperate forests. The dependence of leaf growth initiation on climate seasonality may result in a higher sensitivity of these ecosystems to changes in climate than previously thought.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 3 August 2017 |
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Morel, H.; Nicolini, E.; Bossu, J.; Blanc, L.; Beauchene, J. |
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Qualité et usages du bois de cinq espèces forestières adaptées à la plantation à vocation de bois d’oeuvre et testées en Guyane française |
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2017 |
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Bois & Forêts des Tropiques |
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propriétés technologiques; qualité du bois; plantation; Guyane française |
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Des essais de plantations forestières ont été menés en Guyane française depuis le début des années 1960 sur plus de 138 espèces (70 espèces natives et 68 espèces exotiques). Une étude récente sur la productivité de ces espèces en plantation (projet ForesTreeCulture, 2013-2015) a mis en avant le fort potentieldeproductiondetroisespècesnatives ( Simarouba amara Aubl., Vochysia tomentosa (G. Mey.) DC., Bagassa guianensis ( Aubl.)) et d’une espèce d’Afrique de l’Ouest ( Tarrietia utilis Sprague) avec des volumes de bois produits supérieurs à 20 m3/ha/an. Cependant, les propriétés du bois de ces espèces commerciales ne sont connues qu’au travers d’arbres issus de forêt naturelle. Nous présentons les propriétés du bois de ces espèces en conditions de plantation – densité, retrait, élasticité, angle du fil, durabilité – et discutons de leurs potentiels et de leurs usages respectifs futurs. Une autre espèce, Cordia alliodora ((Ruiz et Pavon) Oken), a également été retenue bien qu’elle n’ait pas encore été plantée en Guyane française. Cette espèce, native de Guyane, est bien connue en Amérique latine pour son bois et son fort potentiel de croissance en milieu anthropisé. |
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Morel-Journel, T.; Piponiot, C.; Vercken, E.; Mailleret, L. |
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Evidence for an optimal level of connectivity for establishment and colonization |
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2016 |
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Biology Letters |
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Biol Lett |
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20160704 |
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Dispersal is usually associated with the spread of invasive species, but it also has two opposing effects, one decreasing and the other increasing the probability of establishment. Indeed, dispersal both slows population growth at the site of introduction and increases the likelihood of surrounding habitat being colonized. The connectivity of the introduction site is likely to affect dispersal, and, thus, establishment, according to the dispersal behaviour of individuals. Using individual-based models and microcosm experiments on minute wasps, we demonstrated the existence of a hump-shaped relationship between connectivity and establishment in situations in which individual dispersal resembled a diffusion process. These results suggest that there is an optimal level of connectivity for the establishment of introduced populations locally at the site of introduction, and regionally over the whole landscape. |
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Alméras, T.; Clair, B. |
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Critical review on the mechanisms of maturation stress generation in trees |
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2016 |
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Journal of the Royal Society Interface |
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J R Soc Interface |
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13 |
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122 |
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Trees control their posture by generating asymmetric mechanical stress around the periphery of the trunk or branches. This stress is produced in wood during the maturation of the cell wall. When the need for reaction is high, it is accompanied by strong changes in cell organization and composition called reaction wood, namely compression wood in gymnosperms and tension wood in angiosperms. The process by which stress is generated in the cell wall during its formation is not yet known, and various hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. Here we aim at discriminating between these models. First, we summarize current knowledge about reaction wood structure, state and behaviour relevant to the understanding of maturation stress generation. Then, the mechanisms proposed in the literature are listed and discussed in order to identify which can be rejected based on their inconsistency with current knowledge at the frontier between plant science and mechanical engineering. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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719 |
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