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Odonne, G.; Berger, F.; Stien, D.; Grenand, P.; Bourdy, G. |
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Treatment of leishmaniasis in the Oyapock basin (French Guiana): A K.A.P. survey and analysis of the evolution of phytotherapy knowledge amongst Wayãpi Indians |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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137 |
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3 |
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1228-1239 |
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Camopi River; French Guiana; Intercultural exchanges; K.A.P.; Knowledge attitude and practices; Knowledge evolution; Leishmaniasis; Oyapock River; Quantitative ethnopharmacology; Teko; Traditional remedies; Wayãpi |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with a high incidence in French Guiana, mainly in the middle and upper Oyapock basin, where Amerindian and some Brazilian people live. The main goals of this work were (i) to assess the knowledge about leishmaniasis in the different populations of the middle and upper Oyapock basin, (ii) to study the therapeutic strategies adopted by people affected by leishmaniasis and (iii) to document the use of phytotherapeutic remedies for leishmaniasis. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) related to this disease and its treatments have been studied according to cultural group and geographical settlement. Within the Wayãpi group, the evolution of the knowledge of phytoremedies over the last 20 years has been characterised by literature-based comparisons. Materials and methods: A total of 144 questionnaires were administered in all the villages of the upper Oyapock and Camopi basins. Correspondence analyses were used for multivariate analysis. Plant species were identified at the Cayenne Herbarium (CAY). Results: The biomedical concept of leishmaniasis correlates well with the Teko and Wayãpi concepts of kalasapa and kalasapau. Although the vector of this disease was not correctly identified, the most commonly cited aetiology (74.5%) was vector-borne, and related epidemiological schemes correlate well with the one encountered in French Guiana. Theoretically and practically, health centres were the most commonly used resource for diagnostic in instances of leishmaniasis infection (65.9%), independently of the patient's cultural group, along with the use of pharmaceutical drugs (85.3%). Pharmaceuticals were commonly utilised despite the frequent (51.5%) use of phytotherapeutic remedies, alone or in combination with drugs. The most cited medicinal plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis included Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae, cited 14 times), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae, 9), Cecropia obtusa Trecul (Cecropiaceae, 8), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae, 7), Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae, 6) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae, 6). Multiple correspondence analyses demonstrated that the species used in leishmaniasis remedies are more prone to vary by the user's place of residence than by their cultural origin, which indicates that exchange of knowledge about leishmaniasis remedies has occurred across different cultural groups. Literature-based comparisons between the remedies for leishmaniasis used by the Wayãpi during the 1980s showed a striking evolution, both in terms of diversity of species and number of plants used. The large number of species shared with other Guianese groups argues for intercultural exchange and may explain the majority (57.1%) of the newly used species highlighted in our study. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis is a well-known disease in the studied area. Phytotherapeutic treatments are still in use, although they are not the main source of remedies, and should undergo pharmacological studies to evaluate their potential therapeutic value. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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IRD, UMR152, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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Export Date: 8 November 2011; Source: Scopus; Article in Press; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.044; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; CNRS-UMR Ecofog, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, Franceemail: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Lebrini, M.; Mbomekallé, I.M.; Dolbecq, A.; Marrot, J.; Berthet, P.; Ntienoue, J.; Sécheresse, F.; Vigneron, J.; Etcheberry, A. |
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Manganese(III)-containing wells-dawson sandwich-type polyoxometalates: Comparison with their manganese(II) counterparts |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Inorganic Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inorg. Chem. |
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50 |
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14 |
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6437-6448 |
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We present the synthesis and structural characterization, assessed by various techniques (FTIR, TGA, UV-vis, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction for three compounds, magnetic susceptibility, and electrochemistry) of five manganese-containing Wells-Dawson sandwich-type (WDST) complexes. The dimanganese(II)-containing complex, [Na2(H2O) 2MnII2(As2W15O 56)2]18- (1), was obtained by reaction of MnCl2 with 1 equiv of [As2W15O 56]12- in acetate medium (pH 4.7). Oxidation of 1 by Na2S2O8 in aqueous solution led to the dimanganese(III) complex [Na2(H2O)2Mn III2(As2W15O56) 2]16- (2), while its trimanganese(II) homologue, [Na(H2O)2MnII(H2O)Mn II2(As2W15O56) 2]17- (3), was obtained by addition of ca. 1 equiv of MnCl2 to a solution of 1 in 1 M NaCl. The trimanganese(III) and tetramanganese(III) counterparts, [MnIII(H2O)Mn III2(As2W15O56) 2]15- (4) and [MnIII2(H 2O)2MnIII2(As2W 15O56)2]12- (6), are, respectively, obtained by oxidation of aqueous solutions of 3 and [MnII2(H2O)2MnII2(As 2W15O56)2]16- (5) by Na2S2O8. Single-crystal X-ray analyses were carried out on 2, 3, and 4. BVS calculations and XPS confirmed that the oxidation state of Mn centers is +II for complexes 1, 3, and 5 and +III for 2, 4, and 6. A complete comparative electrochemical study was carried out on the six compounds cited above, and it was possible to observe the distinct redox steps MnIV/III and MnIII/II. Magnetization measurements, as a function of temperature, confirm the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions between the Mn ions in these compounds in all cases with the exception of compound 2. © 2011 American Chemical Society. |
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Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Etat Solide, ICMMO, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 410, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France |
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00201669 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Inoca; doi: 10.1021/ic102237x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Mbomekallé, I.M.; Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, CNRS Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France; email: israel.mbomekalle@chimie.uvsq.fr |
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346 |
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Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Rossi, V.; Rejou-Mechain, M.; Freycon, V.; Fayolle, A.; Saint-André, L.; Cornu, G.; Gérard, J.; Sarrailh, J.-M.; Flores, O.; Baya, F.; Billand, A.; Fauvet, N.; Gally, M.; Henry, M.; Hubert, D.; Pasquier, A.; Picard, N. |
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Environmental filtering of dense-wooded species controls above-ground biomass stored in African moist forests |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Journal of Ecology |
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J. Ecol. |
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99 |
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4 |
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981-990 |
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Basal area; Central African Republic; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Life-history strategy; Soil fertility; Species sorting; Vital rates; Water reserve; Wood density; aboveground biomass; basal area; climate change; data set; database; diameter; forest ecosystem; forest inventory; life history trait; nutrient availability; physical property; plant community; resource availability; soil fertility; soil nutrient; soil texture; soil type; stem; tropical forest; wood; Central African Republic |
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1.Regional above-ground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests remain highly inaccurate mostly because they are based on extrapolations from a few plots scattered across a limited range of soils and other environmental conditions. When such conditions impact biomass, the estimation is biased. The effect of soil types on biomass has especially yielded controversial results. 2.We investigated the relationship between above-ground biomass and soil type in undisturbed moist forests in the Central African Republic. We tested the effects of soil texture, as a surrogate for soil resources availability and physical constraints (soil depth and hydromorphy) on biomass. Forest inventory data were collected for trees ≥20cm stem diameter in 2754 0.5ha plots scattered over 4888km2. The plots contained 224 taxons, of which 209 were identified to species. Soil types were characterized from a 1:1000000 scale soil map. Species-specific values for wood density were extracted from the CIRAD's data base of wood technological properties. 3.We found that basal area and biomass differ in their responses to soil type, ranging from 17.8m2ha-1 (217.5tha-1) to 22.3m2ha-1 (273.3tha-1). While shallow and hydromorphic soils support forests with both low stem basal area and low biomass, forests on deep resource-poor soils are typically low in basal area but as high in biomass as forests on deep resource-rich soils. We demonstrated that the environmental filtering of slow growing dense-wooded species on resource-poor soils compensates for the low basal area, and we discuss whether this filtering effect is due to low fertility or to low water reserve. 4.Synthesis. We showed that soil physical conditions constrained the amount of biomass stored in tropical moist forests. Contrary to previous reports, our results suggest that biomass is similar on resource-poor and resource-rich soils. This finding highlights both the importance of taking into account soil characteristics and species wood density when trying to predict regional patterns of biomass. Our findings have implications for the evaluation of biomass stocks in tropical forests, in the context of the international negotiations on climate change. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society. |
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CIRAD, BP 4035, Libreville, Gabon |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 23 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01829.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Cirad, UR BandSEF, Biens et Services des Ecosystèmes Forestiers tropicaux, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, F-34398, Montpellier, France; email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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361 |
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Hamon, P.; Duroy, P.-O.; Dubreuil-Tranchant, C.; Mafra D'Almeida Costa, P.; Duret, C.; Razafinarivo, N.J.; Couturon, E.; Hamon, S.; De Kochko, A.; Poncet, V.; Guyot, R. |
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Two novel Ty1-copia retrotransposons isolated from coffee trees can effectively reveal evolutionary relationships in the Coffea genus (Rubiaceae) |
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2011 |
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Molecular Genetics and Genomics |
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Mol. Genet. Genomics |
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285 |
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6 |
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447-460 |
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Coffea; Evolution; Genetic diversity; LTR-retrotransposons; article; coffee; controlled study; Divo; gene amplification; gene dosage; gene expression; gene insertion; gene locus; gene sequence; genetic identification; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; molecular cloning; Nana; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; plant evolution; plant gene; priority journal; Psilanthus; random amplified microsatellite; retroposon; Rubiaceae; species differentiation; tree; Ty1 copia gene; Coffea; Genes, Plant; Genome, Plant; Phylogeny; Retroelements |
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In the study, we developed new markers for phylogenetic relationships and intraspecies differentiation in Coffea. Nana and Divo, two novel Ty1-copia LTR-retrotransposon families, were isolated through C. canephora BAC clone sequencing. Nana- and Divo-based markers were used to test their: (1) ability to resolve recent phylogenetic relationships; (2) efficiency in detecting intra-species differentiation. Sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) and retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) approaches were applied to 182 accessions (31 Coffea species and one Psilanthus accession). Nana- and Divo-based markers revealed contrasted transpositional histories. At the BAC clone locus, RBIP results on C. canephora demonstrated that Nana insertion took place prior to C. canephora differentiation, while Divo insertion occurred after differentiation. Combined SSAP and REMAP data showed that Nana could resolve Coffea lineages, while Divo was efficient at a lower taxonomic level. The combined results indicated that the retrotransposon-based markers were useful in highlighting Coffea genetic diversity and the chronological pattern of speciation/differentiation events. Ongoing complete sequencing of the C. canephora genome will soon enable exhaustive identification of LTR-RTN families, as well as more precise in-depth analyses on contributions to genome size variation and Coffea evolution. © 2011 Springer-Verlag. |
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IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 50172, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion 97492, France |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Mggoa; doi: 10.1007/s00438-011-0617-0; PubMed ID: 21505885; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hamon, P.; IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: perla.hamon@ird.fr; Molecular Sequence Numbers: GENBANK: DV666936, HM755952, HM755953;; Chemicals/CAS: Retroelements |
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Staudt, K.; Serafimovich, A.; Siebicke, L.; Pyles, R.D.; Falge, E. |
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Vertical structure of evapotranspiration at a forest site (a case study) |
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2011 |
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Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
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Agric. For. Meterol. |
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151 |
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6 |
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709-729 |
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Eddy-covariance; Evapotranspiration; In-canopy profiles; Model; Picea abies L.; Sap flux; coniferous forest; ecosystem modeling; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; forest canopy; sap flow; Fichtelgebirge; Germany; Picea abies |
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The components of ecosystem evapotranspiration of a Norway spruce forest (Picea abies L.) as well as the vertical structure of canopy evapotranspiration were analyzed with a combination of measurements and models for a case study of 5 days in September 2007. Eddy-covariance and sap flux measurements were performed at several heights within the canopy at the FLUXNET site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen (DE-Bay) in the Fichtelgebirge mountains in Germany. Within and above canopy fluxes were simulated with two stand-scale models, the 1D multilayer model ACASA that includes a third-order turbulence closure and the 3D model STANDFLUX. The soil and understory evapotranspiration captured with the eddy-covariance system in the trunk space constituted 10% of ecosystem evapotranspiration measured with the eddy-covariance system above the canopy. A comparison of transpiration measured with the sap flux technique and inferred from below and above canopy eddy-covariance systems revealed higher estimates from eddy-covariance measurements than for sap flux measurements. The relative influences of possible sources of this mismatch, such as the assumption of negligible contribution of evaporation from intercepted water, and differences between the eddy-covariance flux footprint and the area used for scaling sap flux measurements, were discussed. Ecosystem evapotranspiration as well as canopy transpiration simulated with the two models captured the dynamics of the measurements well, but slightly underestimated eddy-covariance values. Profile measurements and models also gave us the chance to assess in-canopy profiles of canopy evapotranspiration and the contributions of in-canopy layers. For daytime and a coupled or partly coupled canopy, mean simulated profiles of both models agreed well with eddy-covariance measurements, with a similar performance of the ACASA and the STANDFLUX model. Both models underestimated profiles for nighttime and decoupled conditions. During daytime, the upper half of the canopy contributed approximately 80% to canopy evapotranspiration, whereas during nighttime the contribution shifted to lower parts of the canopy. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. |
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Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, Joh.-J.-Becherweg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany |
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01681923 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 3; Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afmee; doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.10.009; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Staudt, K.; University of Bayreuth, Department of Micrometeorology, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; email: katharina.staudt@uni-bayreuth.de |
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Vincent, G.; Weissenbacher, E.; Sabatier, D.; Blanc, L.; Proisy, C.; Couteron, P. |
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Detection des variations de structure de peuplements en foret dense tropicale humide par lidar aeroporte |
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2010 |
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Revue Francaise de Photogrammetrie et de Teledetection |
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Rev. Fr. Photogramm. Teledetect. |
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191 |
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42-51 |
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Above-ground biomass estimation; Canopy height model; Stem diameter distribution; Tropical moist forest; Above ground biomass; Above ground level; Airborne LiDAR; Basal area; Canopy Height Models; Carbon stocks; Characterisation; Classical fields; Coefficient of variation; Diameter distributions; Digital terrain model; Flooded areas; Forest ecology; Forest structure; Forest type; High spatial resolution; Individual tree; LIDAR data; Light detection and ranging; Local statistics; Long term; Management issues; Natural forests; Natural variation; Pearson correlation coefficients; Quadratic mean diameter; Soil characteristics; Soil cover; Spatial changes; Spatial resolution; Stem density; Stem diameter; Stem height; Strong correlation; Tree height; Tropical moist forest; Tropical rain forest; Vegetation structure; Vertical accuracy; Water regime; Discriminant analysis; Ecology; Optical radar; Remote sensing; Soils; Statistics; Stem cells; Temperature control; Tropics; Vegetation; Forestry; Biomass; Discriminant Analysis; Ecology; Forest Canopy; Forestry; Radar; Remote Sensing; Stems; Temperature Control; Tropical Atmospheres |
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Characterisation of forest structure is a major stake for forestry, species conservation, carbon stock estimates and many forest ecology and management issues. At large scale natural forest structure tends to vary according to climate and geomorphomology (Paget, 1999; Steege et al., 2006) while soil characteristics (and notably water regime) and syMgenetic stage add some finer scale variation (Oldeman, 1989; Sabatier et al., 1997). Forest structure characterisation traditionally relies on field-based collection of individual tree dimensions such as stem diameter and stem height sampled across tracks of forest (Hall et al., 1998). However, such field intensive methods are costly, and of low accuracy regarding measures of tree heights. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides horizontal and vertical Information at high spatial resolutions and vertical accuracies (Lim et al., 2003; Hyyppä et al., 2004). It has the potential for gathering vegetation structure data over large areas rapidly at moderate cost and hence is of particular relevance for poorly sampled, difficult to access and largely unexplored tropical rainforests. In this study we examined the ability of airborne LiDAR to detect spatial changes in the structure of dense tropical rain forest and we probed this remote sensing approach against local statistics derived from stem diameters (i.e. classical field data information) mapped across a large track of forest at a long term experimental site in French Guyana. The large variability in forest structure occurring at the experimental site is du to natural variation of the soil cover (and notably drainage properties) combined with various logging intensities applied 15 years before the LiDAR data were acquired. On this basis ten different forest types were identified at the site (figure 1 and 3). Various stem based statistics were computed for a series of meshes with cells ranging from 30 by 30 m plots to 250 by 250 m plots. These statistics included basal area, stem density, quadratic mean diameter, and diameter distribution percentiles. Similarly local statistics were extracted either from the Canopy Height Model (e.g. median height, mean height, standard height deviation, height coefficient of variation, height percentiles, frequency of hits below 5 m above ground level). Additionally a wetness index (Böhner et al., 2002) was computed at each node of a 5 by 5 m grid from the Digital Terrain Model also extracted from the LiDAR data set. We used both types of cell statistics to discriminate the various forest types. Comparison between the two approaches for a range of spatial resolution is available from in table 1. Results indicate that LiDAR based statistics are essentially as powerful as field based statistics to discriminate forest types at coarse scale. This reflects the very strong correlation between the CHM and the field based stem diameter data. For example (figure 5) the Pearson correlation coefficient between median height and quadratic mean diameter for cells of 125 by 125 m is 0.945 (n=0.72). When a finer resolution is required however as for the detection of seasonally flooded bottomland forest along thalwegs, then LiDAR technology proves more efficient than field based inventories as it combines information from the DTM and the CHM. The wetness index alone correctly retrieves about 2 thirds of the seasonally flooded areas. All in all, discriminant analysis performance of the LiDAR derived information approaches 80% when classifying forests cover at the finest scale of 5 by 5m into 10 different types and reaches 87% when a coarser classification Into 6 forest types is considered (figure 4). |
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IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: French; Correspondence Address: Vincent, G.; IRD, UMR AMAP, Kourou – BP 701 (CIRAD) 97387 Kourou cedex -Guyane, France |
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Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
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Interrelations between hydraulic and mechanical stress adaptations in woody plants |
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2008 |
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Plant Signaling and Behavior |
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Plant. Signal. Behav. |
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3 |
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7 |
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463-465 |
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Conductivity; Modulus of elasticity; Strain; Tree ecophysiology; Tropical trees; Wood anatomy; Yield stress |
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The fields of plant water relations and plant biomechanics have traditionally been studied separately even though often the same tissues are responsible for water transport and mechanical support. There is now increasing evidence that hydraulic and mechanical adaptations may influence one another. We studied the changes in the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the wood along lateral roots of two species of buttressed trees. In these roots, the mechanical contstraints quantified by strain measurements are known to decrease distally. Further, we investigated the effect of mechanical loading on the vessel anatomy in these and four other species of tropical trees. We found that as the strain decreased, the wood became progressively less stiff and strong but the conductivity increased exponentially. This was reflected in that adaptations towards re-enforcing mechanically loaded areas resulted in xylem with fewer and smaller vessels. In addition a controlled growth experiment on three tree species showed that drought adaptation may results in plants with stronger and stiffer tissue. Our results indicate that hydraulic and mechanical stress adaptations may be interrelated, and so support recent studied suggesting that physiological responses are complex balances rather than pure optimisations. ©2008 Landes Bioscience. |
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University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 4-44 Earth Science Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada |
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Export Date: 25 January 2012; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Christensen-Dalsgaard, K. K.; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 4-44 Earth Science Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; email: kkchrist@ualberta.ca |
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Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
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Changes in hydraulic conductivity, mechanical properties, and density reflecting the fall in strain along the lateral roots of two species of tropical trees |
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2007 |
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Journal of Experimental Botany |
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J. Exp. Bot. |
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58 |
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15-16 |
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4095-4105 |
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Buttress roots; Density; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Modulus of elasticity; Tropical trees; Wood; Elastic moduli; Hydraulic conductivity; Wood; Buttress roots; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Tropical trees; Forestry; water; article; biomechanics; histology; legume; physiology; plant root; plant stem; tree; wood; Xylopia; Biomechanics; Fabaceae; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Trees; Water; Wood; Xylopia; Conductivity; Elastic Strength; Forestry; Wood |
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Roots have been described as having larger vessels and so greater hydraulic efficiency than the stem. Differences in the strength and stiffness of the tissue within the root system itself are thought to be an adaptation to the loading conditions experienced by the roots and to be related to differences in density. It is not known how potential mechanical adaptations may affect the hydraulic properties of the roots. The change in strength, stiffness, conductivity, density, sapwood area, and second moment of area distally along the lateral roots of two tropical tree species in which the strain is known to decrease rapidly was studied and the values were compared with those of the trunk. It was found that as the strain fell distally along the roots, so did the strength and stiffness of the tissue, whereas the conductivity increased exponentially. These changes appeared to be related to differences in density. In contrast to the distal-most roots, the tissue of the proximal roots had a lower conductivity and higher strength than that of the trunk. This suggests that mechanical requirements on the structure rather than the water potential gradient from roots to branches are responsible for the general pattern that roots have larger vessels than the stem. In spite of their increased transectional area, the buttressed proximal roots were subjected to higher levels of stress and had a lower total conductivity than the rest of the root system. © 2007 The Author(s). |
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AgroParisTech, LERFOB, Ecole Nationale du Genie Rural, des Eaux et Forêts, 14 Avenue Girardet-CS 4216, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France |
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00220957 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 6; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm268; PubMed ID: 18039738; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jackson's Mill, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom; email: karen@cd-mail.dk; Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water, 7732-18-5 |
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353 |
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Dejean, A.; Moreau, C.S.; Uzac, P.; Le Breton, J.; Kenne, M. |
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The predatory behavior of Pheidole megacephala |
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2007 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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C. R. Biol. |
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330 |
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9 |
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701-709 |
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Invasive ants; Landmarks; Pheidole megacephala; Predatory behavior; Recruitment; pheromone; ant; behavioral ecology; foraging behavior; invasive species; nest predation; pheromone; predator-prey interaction; animal experiment; ant; article; competitor species; controlled study; foraging behavior; host range; Isoptera; nest predation; nonhuman; predation; predator prey interaction; prey selection; species invasion; worker (insect); Animals; Ants; Feeding Behavior; Female; Isoptera; Predatory Behavior; Social Behavior; Formicidae; Hexapoda; Isoptera; Pheidole megacephala |
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We studied the foraging and predatory behaviors of the invasive African myrmicine ant, Pheidole megacephala (F.) in its native range. Workers can singly capture a wide range of insects, including relatively large prey items. For still larger prey, they recruit at short range those nestmates situated within reach of an alarm pheromone and together spread-eagle the insect. These behaviors are complimented by a long-range recruitment (of nestmates remaining in the nest) based on prey size. P. megacephala scouts also use long-range recruitment when they detect the landmarks of termites and competing ant species, thus permitting them to avoid confronting these termites and ants solitarily. |
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Département de biologie des organismes animaux, faculté des sciences, l'université de Douala, BP 24157, Douala, Cameroon |
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Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.06.005; PubMed ID: 17720587; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS-Guyane, UPS 2561, UMR-CNRS 5174, 16, avenue André-Aron, 97300 Cayenne, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Dejean, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Cerdan, P.; Gibernau, M.; Corbara, B. |
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Are myrmecophytes always better protected against herbivores than other plants? |
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2006 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Biol. J. Linn. Soc. |
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89 |
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1 |
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91-98 |
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Ant-plant mutualism; Azteca; Maieta; Myrmecophytes; Plant protection; Tococa; ant; defoliation; field method; mutualism; myrmecophyte; plant-herbivore interaction; Azteca; Azteca bequaerti; Clidemia; Crematogaster laevis; Formicidae; Maieta; Maieta guianensis; Pheidole minutula; Tococa; Tococa guianensis |
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The present field study compared the degree of defoliation of three Guianian melastome, two myrmecophytes (i.e. plants sheltering ants in hollow structures) and Clidemia sp., a nonmyrmecophytic plant serving as a control. Maieta guianensis Aubl. hosted mostly Pheidole minutula Mayr whatever the area, whereas Tococa guianensis Aubl. hosted mostly Azteca bequaerti Wheeler along streams and Crematogaster laevis Mayr or Azteca sp. 1 in the understory where it never blossomed. Only Tococa, when sheltering A. bequaerti in what can be considered as a truly mutualistic relationship, showed significantly less defoliation than control plants. In the other associations, the difference was not significant, but P. minutula is mutualistic with Maieta because it furnishes some protection (exclusion experiments) plus nutrients (previous studies). When devoid of ants, Tococa showed significantly greater defoliation than control plants; therefore, it was deduced that Tococa probably lacks certain antidefoliator metabolites that control plants possess (both Tococa and control plants are protected by ground-nesting, plant-foraging ants, which is termed 'general myrmecological protection'). Consequently, plant-ants other than A. bequaerti probably also protect Tococa slightly, thus compensating for this deficiency and permitting it to live in the understory until treefall gaps provide the conditions necessary for seed production. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London. |
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Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale de la Cognition (UMR CNRS 6024), Université Blaise Pascal, 34 avenue Carnot, 63037 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France |
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Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Bjlsb; doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00660.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Laboratoire d'Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR CNRS 5174), Université Toulouse III, Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France; email: dejean@cict.fr |
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355 |
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