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Author Dezecache, Camille; Faure, Emmanuel; Gond, Valéry; Salles, Jean-Michel; Vieilledent, Ghislain; Herault, Bruno pdf  url
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  Title (up) Gold-rush in a forested El Dorado: deforestation leakages and the need for regional cooperation Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Environmental Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 034013  
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  Abstract Tropical forests of the Guiana Shield are the most affected by gold-mining in South America, experiencing an exponential increase in deforestation since the early 2000’s. Using yearly deforestation data encompassing Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and the Brazilian State of Amapá, we demonstrated a strong relationship between deforestation due to gold-mining and gold-prices at the regional scale. In order to assess additional drivers of deforestation due to gold-mining, we focused on the national scale and highlighted the heterogeneity of the response to gold-prices under different political contexts. Deforestation due to gold-mining over the Guiana Shield occurs mainly in Guyana and Suriname. On the contrary, past and current repressive policies in Amapá and French Guiana likely contribute to the decorrelation of deforestation and gold prices. In this work, we finally present a case study focusing on French Guiana and Suriname, two neighbouring countries with very different levels of law enforcement against illegal gold-mining. We developed a modelling framework to estimate potential deforestation leakages from French Guiana to Suriname in the border areas. Based on our assumptions, we estimated a decrease in deforestation due to gold-mining of approx. 4300 hectares in French Guiana and an increase of approx. 12 100 hectares in Suriname in response to the active military repression of illegal gold-mining launched in French Guiana. Gold-mining in the Guiana Shield provides challenging questions regarding REDD+ implementation. These questions are discussed at the end of this study and are important to policy makers who need to provide sustainable alternative employment to local populations in order to ensure the effectiveness of environmental policies.  
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  ISSN 1748-9326 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 738  
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Author Soudani, K.; Hmimina, G.; Delpierre, N.; Pontailler, J.-Y.; Aubinet, M.; Bonal, D.; Caquet, B.; de Grandcourt, A.; Burban, B.; Flechard, C.; Guyon, D.; Granier, A.; Gross, P.; Heinesh, B.; Longdoz, B.; Loustau, D.; Moureaux, C.; Ourcival, J.-M.; Rambal, S.; Saint André, L.; Dufrêne, E. url  openurl
  Title (up) Ground-based Network of NDVI measurements for tracking temporal dynamics of canopy structure and vegetation phenology in different biomes Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Remote Sensing of Environment Abbreviated Journal Remote Sens. Environ.  
  Volume 123 Issue Pages 234-245  
  Keywords Crops; Evergreen and deciduous forests; Ground-based NDVI; Herbaceous savanna; NDVI time-series; Phenology; Tropical rain forest  
  Abstract Plant phenology characterises the seasonal cyclicity of biological events such as budburst, flowering, fructification, leaf senescence and leaf fall. These biological events are genetically pre-determined but also strongly modulated by climatic conditions, particularly temperature, daylength and water availability. Therefore, the timing of these events is considered as a good indicator of climate change impacts and as a key parameter for understanding and modelling vegetation-climate interactions. In situ observations, empirical or bioclimatic models and remotely sensed time-series data constitute the three possible ways for monitoring the timing of plant phenological events. Remote sensing has the advantage of being the only way of surface sampling at high temporal frequency and, in the case of satellite-based remote sensing, over large regions. Nevertheless, exogenous factors, particularly atmospheric conditions, lead to some uncertainties on the seasonal course of surface reflectance and cause bias in the identification of vegetation phenological events. Since 2005, a network of forest and herbaceous sites has been equipped with laboratory made NDVI sensors to monitor the temporal dynamics of canopy structure and phenology at an intra-daily time step. In this study, we present recent results obtained in several contrasting biomes in France, French Guiana, Belgium and Congo. These sites represent a gradient of vegetation ecosystems: the main evergreen and deciduous forest ecosystems in temperate climate region, an evergreen tropical rain forest in French Guiana, an herbaceous savanna ecosystem in Congo, and a succession of three annual crops in Belgium. In this paper, (1) we provide an accurate description of the seasonal dynamics of vegetation cover in these different ecosystems (2) we identify the most relevant remotely sensed markers from NDVI time-series for determining the dates of the main phenological events that characterize these ecosystems and (3) we discuss the relationships between temporal canopy dynamics and climate factors. In addition to its importance for phenological studies, this ground-based Network of NDVI measurement provides data needed for the calibration and direct validation of satellite observations and products. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.  
  Address INRA, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Champenoux, France  
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  ISSN 00344257 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Rseea; doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.012; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Soudani, K.; University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, Faculty of Sciences of OrsayFrance; email: kamel.soudani@u-psud.fr Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 422  
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Author Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N.; Sist, P.; Dick, J.; Nasi, R.; Swaine, M.D.; Forni, E. openurl 
  Title (up) Grouping species for predicting mixed tropical forest dynamics: looking for a strategy Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Ann. For. Sci.  
  Volume 62 Issue 8 Pages 785-796  
  Keywords cross-comparisons; functional groups; modelling strategy; species classifications  
  Abstract The high species diversity of mixed tropical forests hinders the development of forest dynamic models. A solution commonly adopted is to cluster species in groups. There are various methods for grouping species that can be linked to three strategies (i) the ecological subjective strategy, (ii) the ecological data-driven strategy, and (iii) the dynamic process strategy. In the first two strategies a species will be assigned to a single group while in the latter strategy, a specific grouping is defined for each process of population dynamics ( typically based on recruitment, growth, mortality). Little congruency or convergence is observed in the literature between any two classifications of species. This may be explained by the independence between the sets of tree characters used to build species groups, or by the intra-specific variability of these characters. We therefore recommend the dynamic process strategy as the most convenient strategy for building groups of species.  
  Address Cirad Foret, F-34398 Montpellier, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr  
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  Publisher EDP SCIENCES S A Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1286-4560 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ISI:000233972500001 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 228  
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Author Herault, B.; Ouallet, J.; Blanc, L.; Wagner, F.; Baraloto, C. openurl 
  Title (up) Growth responses of neotropical trees to logging gaps Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Ecol.  
  Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 821-831  
  Keywords canopy openings; functional traits; incidence function model; light partitioning; selective logging; tree growth rates; tropical rain forest  
  Abstract P>1. Modelling growth strategies among tropical trees is an important objective in predicting the response of tree dynamics to selective logging and in gaining insights into the ecological processes that structure tree communities in managed tropical forests. 2. We developed a disturbance index to model the effects of distance to and area of logging gaps on stem radial growth rates. This index was tested using census data of 43 neotropical tree species, representing a variety of life-history strategies and developmental stages, from a selectively logged forest at Paracou, French Guiana. Growth strategies were analyzed in light of two indicators: the inherent species growth rate (when disturbance index is null) and the species reaction (change in growth rate) to logging gaps. 3. Across species, the predicted inherent growth rates in unlogged forest ranged from 0 center dot 25 to 6 center dot 47 mm year-1, with an average growth of 2 center dot 29 mm year-1. Ontogenetic shifts in inherent growth rate were found in 26 of the 43 species. 4. Species growth response to logging gaps varied widely among species but was significantly positive for 27 species. The effect of ontogeny on growth response to logging was retained for 14 species, and species with inherent fast growth rate (5 mm year-1) responded less to logging gap disturbances than did species with slow inherent growth (1 mm year-1). 5. Functional traits explained 19-42% of the variation in the inherent growth rate and in species' response across all developmental stages. Whereas maximum diameters and seed mass were strong predictors of inherent growth rate, maximum height, wood density, mode of germination and stem architecture were additionally involved in tree growth response. 6. Synthesis and applications: This study provides a necessary framework for developing predictive post-logging growth models for the thousands of species comprising tropical forests and is sufficiently general to apply to a broad range of managed tropical forests.  
  Address [Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf  
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  Publisher WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0021-8901 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ISI:000279405100012 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 53  
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Author Ruelle, J.; Yamamoto, H.; Thibaut, B. openurl 
  Title (up) Growth Stresses and Cellulose Structural Parameters in Tension and Normal Wood from Three Tropical Rainforest Angiosperm Species Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication BioResources Abbreviated Journal BioResources  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 235-251  
  Keywords Cellulose; Microfibril angle; Crystallite size; Tension wood; Tropical rainforest; Growth stresses  
  Abstract Few studies have been conducted about relation between cellulose parameters and biomechanical properties of wood in tropical angiosperms species. For this purpose, on 13 trees from 3 species of French Guyana tropical rainforest in a clear active process of restoring verticality, i) growth strains were measured in situ in order to determine the occurrence of tension wood within samples and ii) cellulose structural parameters were estimated on all the samples using X-ray diffraction method. Crystallite size was estimated from the full-width at half-maximum of the Miller index (002) arc diffraction and angle T was measured following Cave's method. Relationships between these parameters and growth stresses were good and the variations between normal and tension wood were significant, i. e. a lower angle T and a larger crystallite size in tension wood. In order to have a good estimation of the microfibril angle in the main layer of the secondary wall for each species, an experimental calibration was done between angle T and microfibril angle observed with scanning electron microscopy.  
  Address [Ruelle, Julien; Thibaut, Bernard] UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr  
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  Publisher NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 1930-2126 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ISI:000263689300009 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ Serial 122  
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Author Engel, J.; Brousseau, L.; Baraloto, C. url  doi
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  Title (up) GuiaTreeKey, a multi-access electronic key to identify tree genera in French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication PhytoKeys Abbreviated Journal PhytoKeys  
  Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 27-44  
  Keywords Amazonia; Electronic key; French Guiana; Morphological characters; Neotropics; Trees identification; Xper2  
  Abstract The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic keys to improve Amazonian tree identification. Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic key for the identification of 389 tree genera occurring in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines. The electronic key is accessible with the free access software Xper2, and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.2682550). © Julien Engel et al.  
  Address International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, United States  
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  Notes Export Date: 8 September 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 693  
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Author Duplais, Christophe ; Sarou-Kanian, Vincent ; Massiot, Dominique ; Hassan, Alia ; Perrone, Barbara ; Estevez, Yannick ; Wertz, John; Martineau, Estelle ; Farjon, Jonathan ; Giraudeau, Patrick, Moreau, Carrie S. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Gut bacteria are essential for normal cutile development in herbivorous turtle ants Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Nature Communication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue Pages 1-6  
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  Abstract Across the evolutionary history of insects, the shift from nitrogen-rich carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis with microbes. The herbivorous turtle ants Cephalotes possess a conserved gut microbiome which enriches the nutrient composition by recycling nitrogen-rich metabolic waste to increase the production of amino acids. This enrichment is assumed to benefit the host, but we do not know to what extent. To gain insights into nitrogen assimilation in the ant cuticle we use gut bacterial manipulation, 15N isotopic enrichment, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute to the formation of proteins, catecholamine cross-linkers, and chitin in the cuticle. This study identifies the cuticular components which are nitrogen-enriched by gut bacteria, highlighting the role of symbionts in insect evolution, and provides a framework for understanding the nitrogen flow from nutrients through bacteria into the insect cuticle.  
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  Publisher NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Anglais Summary Language Original Title  
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  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 1005  
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Author Rossi, V.;Dolley, T.; Cornu, G.; Guitet, S.;Herault, B. openurl 
  Title (up) GuyaSim : un outil d’aide à la décision pour l’aménagement d’un territoire forestier, la Guyane Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Bois et Forets des Tropiques Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 326 Issue 4 Pages 67-78  
  Keywords GIS software; scenarios; ecosystem services; simulator; biodiversity; carbon stock; biomass; logging; deforestation; land use changes; tropical forest; French Guiana  
  Abstract Planning policies for rapid development in French Guiana will require the conversion of forested areas, thus contributing to glo- bal warming. Guiana’s policy-makers will need to integrate the preservation of eco- system services into their planning deci- sions. The GuyaSim project was conduc- ted to produce more in-depth knowledge on these services (carbon sequestration, biodiversity and soil quality) and to trans- fer a software application, GuyaSim, to policy-makers to facilitate the use of this knowledge in the development of plan- ning policies. This article presents the characteristics of the application. Guya- Sim is a freeware package of the GIS type designed initially for local authority plan- ners and forestry departments in French Guiana. The application has two main functions:
information delivery and sup-
port for planning decisions. The informa- tion provided includes socio-economic development scenarios, climate scenarios and valuations of ecosystem services. The decision-support component consists of tools for building planning scenarios (land use changes) and forestry scenarios (log- ging), with information on their environ- mental impacts. The functionalities of the software are currently limited by the state of knowledge on Guiana’s ecosystems. Advances made through current research projects are expected to upgrade the application in the medium term.
 
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Author Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. url  openurl
  Title (up) Habitat Endemism in White-sand Forests: Insights into the Mechanisms of Lineage Diversification and Community Assembly of the Neotropical Flora Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal Biotropica  
  Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 24-33  
  Keywords Amazon; Endemic; Functional traits; Habitat specialization; Niche conservatism; Speciation  
  Abstract White-sand forests represent natural laboratories of evolution over their long history throughout Amazonia and the Guiana Shield and pose significant physiological challenges to the plants and animals they host. The study of diversification in plant lineages comprising species endemic to white-sand forest can therefore give insights into processes of evolution and community assembly in tropical forests. In this article, we synthesize recent studies of white-sand forests to integrate patterns of plant species distribution with processes of lineage diversification and community assembly in the white-sand flora. We contrast lineages that have radiated uniquely in these habitats (e.g., Pagamea, Rubiaceae), with cosmopolitan lineages comprising specialists to white-sand forests and other habitats that may have arisen via ecological speciation across habitat gradients (e.g., Protium, Burseraceae). In both cases, similar suites of functional traits have evolved, including investment in dense, long-lived tissues that are well-defended structurally and chemically. White-sand endemics, therefore, play an important role in biodiversity conservation because they represent unique combinations of functional and phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, white-sand endemics may respond differently than other tropical forest plant species to contemporary global changes because they comprise resilient functional types that may better withstand increased drought, temperature, and invasions of exotic pests in these regions. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.  
  Address Department of Biological Sciences and International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States  
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  Notes Cited By :3; Export Date: 12 February 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 659  
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Author Petillon, J.; Lambeets, K.; Montaigne, W.; Maelfait, J.P.; Bonte, D. openurl 
  Title (up) Habitat structure modified by an invasive grass enhances inundation withstanding in a salt-marsh wolf spider Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Biological Invasions Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 9 Pages 3219-3226  
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  ISSN 1387-3547 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes WOS:000280892600033 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 287  
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