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Verryckt, L.T.; Van Langenhove, L.; Ciais, P.; Courtois, E.A.; Vicca, S.; Peñuelas, J.; Stahl, C.; Coste, S.; Ellsworth, D.S.; Posada, J.M.; Obersteiner, M.; Chave, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title  |
Coping with branch excision when measuring leaf net photosynthetic rates in a lowland tropical forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
608-615 |
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Keywords |
branch cutting; canopy physiology; French Guiana; gas exchange; photosynthesis; rainforest; stomatal conductance; ecological modeling; environmental conditions; forest canopy; leaf; measurement method; photosynthesis; tree; tropical forest; Gruidae |
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Abstract |
Measuring leaf gas exchange from canopy leaves is fundamental for our understanding of photosynthesis and for a realistic representation of carbon uptake in vegetation models. Since canopy leaves are often difficult to reach, especially in tropical forests with emergent trees up to 60 m at remote places, canopy access techniques such as canopy cranes or towers have facilitated photosynthetic measurements. These structures are expensive and therefore not very common. As an alternative, branches are often cut to enable leaf gas exchange measurements. The effect of branch excision on leaf gas exchange rates should be minimized and quantified to evaluate possible bias. We compared light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates measured on excised and intact branches. We selected branches positioned at three canopy positions, estimated relative to the top of the canopy: upper sunlit foliage, middle canopy foliage, and lower canopy foliage. We studied the variation of the effects of branch excision and transport among branches at these different heights in the canopy. After excision and transport, light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates were close to zero for most leaves due to stomatal closure. However, when the branch had acclimated to its new environmental conditions—which took on average 20 min—light-saturated leaf net photosynthetic rates did not significantly differ between the excised and intact branches. We therefore conclude that branch excision does not affect the measurement of light-saturated leaf net photosynthesis, provided that the branch is recut under water and is allowed sufficient time to acclimate to its new environmental conditions. © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation |
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UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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960 |
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de Aguiar, H.J.A.C.; Barros, L.A.C.; Silveira, L.I.; Petitclerc, F.; Etienne, S.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Cytogenetic data for sixteen ant species from North-eastern Amazonia with phylogenetic insights into three subfamilies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Comparative Cytogenetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp. Cytogenet. |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-60 |
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Keywords |
Biodiversity; Formicidae; Karyotype; Neotropical ants |
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Ants play essential roles in most terrestrial ecosystems and may be considered pests for agriculture and agroforestry. Recent morphological and molecular data have challenged conventional ant phylogeny and the interpretation of karyotypic variations. Existing Neotropical ant cytogenetic data focus on Atlantic rainforest species, and provide evolutionary and taxonomic insight. However, there are data for only 18 Amazonian species. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 16 ant species belonging to 12 genera and three subfamilies, collected in the Brazilian state of Amapa, and in French Guiana. The karyotypes of six species are described for the first time, including that of the South American genus Allomerus Mayr, 1878. The karyotype of Crematogaster Lund, 1831 is also described for the first time for the New World. For other species, extant data for geographically distinct populations was compared with our own data, e.g. for the leafcutter ants Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890) and Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758). The information obtained for the karyotype of Dolichoderus imitator Emery, 1894 differs from extant data from the Atlantic forest, thereby highlighting the importance of population cytogenetic approaches. This study also emphasizes the need for good chromosome preparations for studying karyotype structure. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Pensoft Publishers |
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19930771 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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917 |
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Céréghino, R.; Françoise, L.; Bonhomme, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Compin, A.; Corbara, B.; Jassey, V.; Leflaive, J.; Rota, T.; Farjalla, V.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Desiccation resistance traits predict freshwater invertebrate survival and community response to drought scenarios in a Neotropical ecosystem |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecological Indicators |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Indic. |
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Volume |
119 |
Issue |
106839 |
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Keywords |
Climate change; Functional traits; Lt50; Macroinvertebrates; Rainforests; Biodiversity; Climate change; Driers (materials); Drought; Environmental management; Population statistics; Tanks (containers); Water; Aquatic invertebrates; Climate change adaptation; Controlled conditions; Environmental managers; Freshwater biodiversity; Freshwater invertebrates; Future climate scenarios; Laboratory conditions; Aquatic organisms; aquatic community; biodiversity; climate change; cuticle; desiccation; drought stress; invertebrate; Neotropical Region; population size; survival; French Guiana; Invertebrata |
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Abstract |
The intensification of dry seasons is a major threat to freshwater biodiversity in Neotropical regions. Little is known about resistance to drying stress and the underpinning traits in Neotropical freshwater species, so we don't know whether desiccation resistance allows to anticipate shifts in biological diversity under future climate scenarios. Here, we used the aquatic invertebrates that live in the rainwater-filled leaves of tank bromeliads, to examine the extent to which desiccation resistance of species measured in the laboratory predicts community response to drought intensification in nature. We measured desiccation resistance in 17 invertebrate species (>90% of the biomass usually found in bromeliads of French Guiana) by recording the median lethal time (LT50) of experimental populations exposed to controlled conditions of residual moisture. In the field, we placed rainshelters above tank bromeliads to emulate drought scenarios ranging from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events, and we recorded the response of functional community structure. LT50 ranged from 4.18 to 19.06 days, and was related to cuticle content and dry body mass. Among other functional indicators that represent strategies to optimize resource use under stressful conditions (e.g., habitat use, trophic specialization), LT50 was the best predictor of community structure responses along a gradient of emulated drought intensities. Therefore, species’ LT50s measured under laboratory conditions can be used to forecast aquatic community response to drying stress in nature. Anticipating how species will cope with drought has never been more important for environmental managers to support climate change adaptation. We show that desiccation resistance in freshwater invertebrates is a key indicator of potential population size and local–global range shifts, and this could be especially true in the Neotropics where species have narrow physiological tolerances for climatic variation. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd |
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ECOFOG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, 97379, France |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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1470160x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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941 |
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Ramalho, M.O.; Duplais, C.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A.; Gibson, J.C.; Suarez, A.V.; Moreau, C.S. |
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Title |
Development but not diet alters microbial communities in the Neotropical arboreal trap jaw ant Daceton armigerum: an exploratory study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7350 |
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Abstract |
To better understand the evolutionary significance of symbiotic interactions in nature, microbiome studies can help to identify the ecological factors that may shape host-associated microbial communities. In this study we explored both 16S and 18S rRNA microbial communities of D. armigerum from both wild caught individuals collected in the Amazon and individuals kept in the laboratory and fed on controlled diets. We also investigated the role of colony, sample type, development and caste on structuring microbial communities. Our bacterial results (16S rRNA) reveal that (1) there are colony level differences between bacterial communities; (2) castes do not structure communities; (3) immature stages (brood) have different bacterial communities than adults; and 4) individuals kept in the laboratory with a restricted diet showed no differences in their bacterial communities from their wild caught nest mates, which could indicate the presence of a stable and persistent resident bacterial community in this host species. The same categories were also tested for microbial eukaryote communities (18S rRNA), and (5) developmental stage has an influence on the diversity recovered; (6) the diversity of taxa recovered has shown this can be an important tool to understand additional aspects of host biology and species interactions. |
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2045-2322 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Ramalho2020 |
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929 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, A.; Sardans, J.; Granda, V.; Llusià, J.; Peguero, G.; Asensio, D.; Ogaya, R.; Urbina, I.; Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Chave, J.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Grau, O.; Klem, K.; Urban, O.; Janssens, I.A.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Title |
Different “metabolomic niches” of the highly diverse tree species of the French Guiana rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
6937 |
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Keywords |
article; ecological niche; French Guiana; metabolome; plant leaf; rainy season; reproduction; stress; tropical rain forest |
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Abstract |
Tropical rainforests harbor a particularly high plant diversity. We hypothesize that potential causes underlying this high diversity should be linked to distinct overall functionality (defense and growth allocation, anti-stress mechanisms, reproduction) among the different sympatric taxa. In this study we tested the hypothesis of the existence of a metabolomic niche related to a species-specific differential use and allocation of metabolites. We tested this hypothesis by comparing leaf metabolomic profiles of 54 species in two rainforests of French Guiana. Species identity explained most of the variation in the metabolome, with a species-specific metabolomic profile across dry and wet seasons. In addition to this “homeostatic” species-specific metabolomic profile significantly linked to phylogenetic distances, also part of the variance (flexibility) of the metabolomic profile was explained by season within a single species. Our results support the hypothesis of the high diversity in tropical forest being related to a species-specific metabolomic niche and highlight ecometabolomics as a tool to identify this species functional diversity related and consistent with the ecological niche theory. © 2020, The Author(s). |
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Address |
INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France |
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Nature Research |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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930 |
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Author |
Nixon, S.; Agwa, A.; Robinson, S.; Walker, A.; Touchard, A.; Schroeder, C.; Vetter, I.; Kotze, A.C.; Herzig, V.; King, G.F. |
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Discovery and characterisation of novel peptides from Amazonian stinging ant venoms with antiparasitic activity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Toxicon |
Abbreviated Journal |
Toxicon |
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Volume |
177 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
S60 |
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Address |
The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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18793150 (Issn) |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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973 |
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Author |
Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
4726-4738 |
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Keywords |
allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola |
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Abstract |
Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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963 |
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Author |
Birer, C.; Moreau, C.S.; Tysklind, N.; Zinger, L.; Duplais, C. |
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Title |
Disentangling the assembly mechanisms of ant cuticular bacterial communities of two Amazonian ant species sharing a common arboreal nest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1372-1385 |
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Keywords |
ant gardens; bacterial communities; cuticular microbiome; insect cuticle; metabarcoding |
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Bacteria living on the cuticle of ants are generally studied for their protective role against pathogens, especially in the clade of fungus-growing ants. However, little is known regarding the diversity of cuticular bacteria in other ant host species, as well as the mechanisms leading to the composition of these communities. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study the influence of host species, species interactions and the pool of bacteria from the environment on the assembly of cuticular bacterial communities on two phylogenetically distant Amazonian ant species that frequently nest together inside the roots system of epiphytic plants, Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior. Our results show that (a) the vast majority of the bacterial community on the cuticle is shared with the nest, suggesting that most bacteria on the cuticle are acquired through environmental acquisition, (b) 5.2% and 2.0% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are respectively specific to Ca. femoratus and Cr. levior, probably representing their respective core cuticular bacterial community, and (c) 3.6% of OTUs are shared between the two ant species. Additionally, mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of metabolites on the cuticle of ants, which excludes the detection of cuticular hydrocarbons produced by the host, were conducted to evaluate correlations among bacterial OTUs and m/z ion mass. Although some positive and negative correlations are found, the cuticular chemical composition was weakly species-specific, suggesting that cuticular bacterial communities are prominently environmentally acquired. Overall, our results suggest the environment is the dominant source of bacteria found on the cuticle of ants. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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09621083 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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975 |
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Author |
Fortunel, C.; Stahl, C.; Heuret, P.; Nicolini, E.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Disentangling the effects of environment and ontogeny on tree functional dimensions for congeneric species in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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Volume |
226 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
385-395 |
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Keywords |
chemistry; developmental stage; habitats; Micropholis; morphology; physiology; plant traits; seasons; developmental stage; ecosystem function; forest ecosystem; habitat selection; habitat structure; nutrient availability; ontogeny; physiological response; soil water; taxonomy; tropical forest; Amazonia |
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Soil water and nutrient availability are key drivers of tree species distribution and forest ecosystem functioning, with strong species differences in water and nutrient use. Despite growing evidence for intraspecific trait differences, it remains unclear under which circumstances the effects of environmental gradients trump those of ontogeny and taxonomy on important functional dimensions related to resource use, particularly in tropical forests. Here, we explore how physiological, chemical, and morphological traits related to resource use vary between life stages in four species within the genus Micropholis that is widespread in lowland Amazonia. Specifically, we evaluate how environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy contribute to single-trait variation and multidimensional functional strategies. We find that environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy differentially contribute to functional dimensions. Habitats and seasons shape physiological and chemical traits related to water and nutrient use, whereas developmental stage and taxonomic identity impact morphological traits –especially those related to the leaf economics spectrum. Our findings suggest that combining environment, ontogeny, and taxonomy allows for a better understanding of important functional dimensions in tropical trees and highlights the need for integrating tree physiological and chemical traits with classically used morphological traits to improve predictions of tropical forests’ responses to environmental change. © 2019 The Authors New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust |
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Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33133, United States |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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977 |
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Author |
Lang, G.; Marcon, E.; Puech, F. |
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Title |
Distance-based measures of spatial concentration: introducing a relative density function |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Annals of Regional Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Reg. Sci. |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
243-265 |
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Keywords |
Agglomeration; Aggregation; Economic geography; Point patterns; Spatial concentration; accuracy assessment; econometrics; economic activity; economic geography; industrial agglomeration; industrial location; location decision; spatial analysis; spatial distribution |
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Abstract |
For more than a decade, distance-based methods have been widely employed and constantly improved in spatial economics. These methods are a very useful tool for accurately evaluating the spatial distribution of economic activity. We introduce a new distance-based statistical measure for evaluating the spatial concentration of industries. The m function is the first relative density function to be proposed in economics. This tool supplements the typology of distance-based methods recently drawn up by Marcon and Puech (J Econ Geogr 3(4):409–428, 2003). By considering several simulated and real examples, we show the advantages and the limits of the m function for detecting spatial structures in economics. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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RITM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay and CREST, Sceaux, France |
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Springer |
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05701864 (Issn) |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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976 |
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