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Author Franklin, J.; Andrade, R.; Daniels, M.L.; Fairbairn, P.; Fandino, M.C.; Gillespie, T.W.; González, G.; Gonzalez, O.; Imbert, D.; Kapos, V.; Kelly, D.L.; Marcano-Vega, H.; Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J.; McLaren, K.P.; McDonald, M.A.; Ripplinger, J.; Rojas-Sandoval, J.; Ross, M.S.; Ruiz, J.; Steadman, D.W.; Tanner, E.V.J.; Terrill, I.; Vennetier, M. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Geographical ecology of dry forest tree communities in the West Indies Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Biogeography Abbreviated Journal J Biogeogr  
  Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 1168-1181  
  Keywords beta diversity; Caribbean; community composition; seasonally dry tropical forest; species turnover; tropical dry forest; West Indies  
  Abstract Abstract Aim Seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of the Caribbean Islands (primarily West Indies) is floristically distinct from Neotropical SDTF in Central and South America. We evaluate whether tree species composition was associated with climatic gradients or geographical distance. Turnover (dissimilarity) in species composition of different islands or among more distant sites would suggest communities structured by speciation and dispersal limitations. A nested pattern would be consistent with a steep resource gradient. Correlation of species composition with climatic variation would suggest communities structured by broad-scale environmental filtering. Location The West Indies (The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Providencia (Colombia), south Florida (USA) and Florida Keys (USA). Taxon Seed plants?woody taxa (primarily trees). Methods We compiled 572 plots from 23 surveys conducted between 1969 and 2016. Hierarchical clustering of species in plots, and indicator species analysis for the resulting groups of sites, identified geographical patterns of turnover in species composition. Nonparametric analysis of variance, applied to principal components of bioclimatic variables, determined the degree of covariation in climate with location. Nestedness versus turnover in species composition was evaluated using beta diversity partitioning. Generalized dissimilarity modelling partitioned the effect of climate versus geographical distance on species composition. Results Despite a set of commonly occurring species, SDTF tree community composition was distinct among islands and was characterized by spatial turnover on climatic gradients that covaried with geographical gradients. Greater Antillean islands were characterized by endemic indicator species. Northern subtropical areas supported distinct, rather than nested, SDTF communities in spite of low levels of endemism. Main conclusions The SDTF species composition was correlated with climatic variation. SDTF on large Greater Antillean islands (Hispaniola, Jamaica and Cuba) was characterized by endemic species, consistent with their geological history and the biogeography of plant lineages. These results suggest that both environmental filtering and speciation shape Caribbean SDTF tree communities.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0305-0270 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1111/jbi.13198 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 846  
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Author Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Van den Berge, J.; Bréchet, L.; Van Langenhove, L.; Richter, A.; Urbina, I.; Soong, J.L.; Peñuelas, J.; Janssens, I.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spatial Variation of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Ecosystems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 7 Pages 1445-1458  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The spatial variation of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (GHG; carbon dioxide—CO2, methane—CH4 and nitrous oxide—N2O) remains poorly understood in highly complex ecosystems such as tropical forests. We used 240 individual flux measurements of these three GHGs from different soil types, at three topographical positions and in two extreme hydric conditions in the tropical forests of the Guiana Shield (French Guiana, South America) to (1) test the effect of topographical positions on GHG fluxes and (2) identify the soil characteristics driving flux variation in these nutrient-poor tropical soils. Surprisingly, none of the three GHG flux rates differed with topographical position. CO2 effluxes covaried with soil pH, soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CH4 fluxes were best explained by variation in SWC, with soils acting as a sink under drier conditions and as a source under wetter conditions. Unexpectedly, our study areas were generally sinks for N2O and N2O fluxes were partly explained by total phosphorus and available nitrogen concentrations. This first study describing the spatial variation of soil fluxes of the three main GHGs measured simultaneously in forests of the Guiana Shield lays the foundation for specific studies of the processes underlying the observed patterns.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-0629 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Courtois2018 Serial 847  
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Author De Deurwaerder, H.; Hervé-Fernández, P.; Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Petronelli, P.; Hoffman, B.; Bonal, D.; Boeckx, P.; Verbeeck, H. doi  openurl
  Title Liana and tree below-ground water competition – evidence for water resource partitioning during the dry season Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Tree Physiology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 38 Issue 7 Pages 1071-1083  
  Keywords  
  Abstract To date, reasons for the increase in liana abundance and biomass in the Neotropics are still unclear. One proposed hypothesis suggests that lianas, in comparison with trees, are more adaptable to drought conditions. Moreover, previous studies have assumed that lianas have a deeper root system, which provides access to deeper soil layers, thereby making them less susceptible to drought stress. The dual stable water isotope approach (δ18O and δ2H) enables below-ground vegetation competition for water to be studied. Based on the occurrence of a natural gradient in soil water isotopic signatures, with enriched signatures in shallow soil relative to deep soil, the origin of vegetation water sources can be derived. Our study was performed on canopy trees and lianas reaching canopy level in tropical forests of French Guiana. Our results show liana xylem water isotopic signatures to be enriched in heavy isotopes in comparison with those from trees, indicating differences in water source depths and a more superficial root activity for lianas during the dry season. This enables them to efficiently capture dry season precipitation. Our study does not support the liana deep root water extraction hypothesis. Additionally, we provide new insights into water competition between tropical canopy lianas and trees. Results suggest that this competition is mitigated during the dry season due to water resource partitioning.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0829-318x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1093/treephys/tpy002 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 848  
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Author González, A.L.; Céréghino, R.; Dézerald, O.; Farjalla, V.F.; Leroy, C.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; Srivastava, D.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ecological mechanisms and phylogeny shape invertebrate stoichiometry: A test using detritus-based communities across Central and South America Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Functional Ecology Abbreviated Journal Funct Ecol  
  Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages 2448-2463  
  Keywords body size scaling; carnivores; detritivores; ecological stoichiometry; macroinvertebrates; nitrogen; phosphorous; phylogenetic signal  
  Abstract Stoichiometric differences among organisms can affect trophic interactions and rates of nutrient cycling within ecosystems. However, we still know little about either the underlying causes of these stoichiometric differences or the consistency of these differences across large geographical extents. Here, we analyse elemental (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) composition of 872 aquatic macroinvertebrates (71 species) inhabiting tank bromeliads (n = 140) from five distantly located sites across Central and South America to (i) test phylogenetic, trophic and body size scaling explanations for why organisms differ in elemental composition and (ii) determine whether patterns in elemental composition are universal or context dependent. Taxonomy explained most variance in elemental composition, even though phylogenetic signals were weak and limited to regional spatial extents and to the family level. The highest elemental contents and lowest carbon:nutrient ratios were found in organisms at high trophic levels and with smaller body size, regardless of geographical location. Carnivores may have higher nutrient content and lower carbon:nutrient ratios than their prey, as organisms optimize growth by choosing the most nutrient-rich resources to consume and then preferentially retain nutrients over carbon in their bodies. Smaller organisms grow proportionally faster than large organisms and so are predicted to have higher nutrient requirements to fuel RNA and protein synthesis. Geography influenced the magnitude, more than the direction, of the ecological and/or phylogenetic effects on elemental composition. Overall, our results show that both ecological (i.e. trophic group) and evolutionary drivers explain among-taxa variation in the elemental content of invertebrates, whereas intraspecific variation is mainly a function of body size. Our findings also demonstrate that restricting analyses of macroinvertebrate stoichiometry solely to either the local scale or species level affects inferences of the patterns in invertebrate elemental content and their underlying mechanisms.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0269-8463 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13197 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 849  
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Author Rodríguez Pérez, H.; Borrel, G.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Simulated drought regimes reveal community resilience and hydrological thresholds for altered decomposition Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 187 Issue 1 Pages 267-279  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Future climate scenarios forecast a 10–50% decline in rainfall in Eastern Amazonia. Altered precipitation patterns may change important ecosystem functions like decomposition through either changes in physical and chemical processes or shifts in the activity and/or composition of species. We experimentally manipulated hydroperiods (length of wet:dry cycles) in a tank bromeliad ecosystem to examine impacts on leaf litter decomposition. Gross loss of litter mass over 112 days was greatest in continuously submersed litter, lowest in continuously dry litter, and intermediate over a range of hydroperiods ranging from eight cycles of 7 wet:7 dry days to one cycle of 56 wet:56 dry days. The resilience of litter mass loss to hydroperiod length is due to a shift from biologically assisted decomposition (mostly microbial) at short wet:dry hydroperiods to physicochemical release of dissolved organic matter at longer wet:dry hydroperiods. Biologically assisted decomposition was maximized at wet:dry hydroperiods falling within the range of ambient conditions (12–22 consecutive dry days) but then declined under prolonged wet:dry hydroperiods (28 and 56 dry days. Fungal:bacterial ratios showed a similar pattern as biologically assisted decomposition to hydroperiod length. Our results suggest that microbial communities confer functional resilience to altered hydroperiod in tank bromeliad ecosystems. We predict a substantial decrease in biological activity relevant to decomposition under climate scenarios that increase consecutive dry days by 1.6- to 3.2-fold in our study area, whereas decreased frequency of dry periods will tend to increase the physicochemical component of decomposition.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-1939 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Rodríguez Pérez2018 Serial 850  
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Author Dlouhá, J.; Alméras, T.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B.; Fournier, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Biophysical dependences among functional wood traits Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Functional Ecology Abbreviated Journal Funct Ecol  
  Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages 2652-2665  
  Keywords basic density; biomechanical traits; hydraulic traits; wood traits  
  Abstract Abstract Wood properties and especially wood density have been used as functional traits organized along major axes of species life history and strategy. Beyond statistical analyses, a better mechanistic understanding of relationships among wood traits is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of wood trait variations. A set of theoretical relationships mechanistically linking wood basic density with some other wood traits is derived from cellular material physics. These theoretical models picture basic physical constraints and thus provide null hypotheses for further ecological studies. Analysis is applied to data from two original datasets and several datasets extracted from the literature. Results emphasize the strong physical constraint behind the link between basic density and maximal storable water on the one hand, and elastic modulus on the other hand. Beyond these basic physical constraints, the developed framework reveals physically less expected trends: the amount of free water available for physiological needs increases in less dense wood of fast-growing species, and the cell wall stiffness decreases with density in temperate hardwoods and is higher in sapling stages in the rainforest understorey where competition for light is associated with high mechanical risk. We emphasize the use of theoretically independent traits derived from models of cellular material physics to investigate the functional variation of wood traits together with their environmental and phylogenetic variations. Although the current study is limited to basic density, green wood lumen saturation and wood specific modulus, we further emphasize the identification of complementary independent wood traits representing other biomechanical functions, nutrient storage, hydraulic conductance and resistance to drought. A plain language summary is available for this article.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0269-8463 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13209 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 851  
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Author Bossu, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Corn, S.; Regazzi, A.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Interlocked grain and density patterns in Bagassa guianensis: changes with ontogeny and mechanical consequences for trees Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Trees Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 1643-1655  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Interlocked grain and basic density increase from pith to bark in Bagassa guianensis and greatly improve trunk torsional stiffness and wood tenacity in the radial plane.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-2285 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Bossu2018 Serial 852  
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Author Clair, B.; Ghislain, B.; Prunier, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Beauchene, J.; Alméras, T. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Mechanical contribution of secondary phloem to postural control in trees: the bark side of the force Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication New Phytologist Abbreviated Journal New Phytol  
  Volume 221 Issue 1 Pages 209-217  
  Keywords bark; Malvaceae; maturation stress; secondary phloem; tree biomechanics  
  Abstract Summary To grow straight, plants need a motor system that controls posture by generating forces to offset gravity. This motor function in trees was long thought to be only controlled by internal forces induced in wood. Here we provide evidence that bark is involved in the generation of mechanical stresses in several tree species. Saplings of nine tropical species were grown tilted and staked in a shadehouse and the change in curvature of the stem was measured after releasing from the pole and after removing the bark. This first experiment evidenced the contribution of bark in the up-righting movement of tree stems. Combined mechanical measurements of released strains on adult trees and microstructural observations in both transverse and longitudinal/tangential plane enabled us to identify the mechanism responsible for the development of asymmetric mechanical stress in the bark of stems of these species. This mechanism does not result from cell wall maturation like in wood, or from the direct action of turgor pressure like in unlignified organs, but is the consequence of the interaction between wood radial pressure and a smartly organized trellis structure in the inner bark.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-646x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1111/nph.15375 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 853  
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Author Perrot, T.; Schwartz, M.; Saiag, F.; Salzet, G.; Dumarçay, S.; Favier, F.; Gérardin, P.; Girardet, J.-M.; Sormani, R.; Morel-Rouhier, M.; Amusant, N.; Didierjean, C.; Gelhaye, E. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Fungal Glutathione Transferases as Tools to Explore the Chemical Diversity of Amazonian Wood Extractives Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. Abbreviated Journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering  
  Volume 6 Issue 10 Pages 13078-13085  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The natural durability of wood is linked to its chemical composition and in particular the presence of metabolites called extractives that often possess chemical reactivity. For dealing with these compounds, wood degraders have developed detoxification systems usually involving enzyme families. Among these enzymes, glutathione transferases (GSTs) are involved in the decrease of the reactivity of toxic compounds. In this study, the hypothesis that the detoxification systems of wood decaying fungi could be indicators of the chemical reactivity of wood extracts has been tested. This approach has been evaluated using 32 wood extracts coming from French Guiana species, testing their antimicrobial ability, antioxidative properties, and reactivity against six GSTs from the white rot Trametes versicolor. From the obtained data, a significant correlation between the antimicrobial and antioxidative properties of the tested wood extracts and GST interactions was established. In addition, the chemical analysis performed on one of the most reactive extracts (an acetonic extract of Bagassa guianensis) has demonstrated oxyresveratrol as a major constituent. We were able to cocrystallize one GST with this commercially interesting compound. Taken together, the presented data support the hypothesis that detoxifying enzymes could be used to identify the presence of molecules of industrial interest in wood extracts.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Chemical Society Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume (down) Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02636 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 854  
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Author Zaremski, A.; Malandain, C.; Sibourg, O.; Andary, C.; Michaloud, G.; Ducousso, M.; Amusant, N.; Zaremski, A. pdf  openurl
  Title NGS Identification of Fungi Potentially Implicated in the Production of Agarwood From Aquilaria Spp. Tree Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Pro Ligno Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 9-18  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Aquilaria is a tree species belonging to the Thymeleaceae family. When Aquilaria sp. is injured, it can produce agarwood. Agarwood is characterized by a darker wood colour than the healthy one and by a strong perfume that is much esteemed by perfumers and some oriental religious communities. The production of agarwood is presumed to depend on environmental factors, among them fungi. The aim of this work is to obtain an overview of fungi present in Aquilaria sp. from different countries. Aquilaria sp. is endemic to South East Asia including notably Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, where it is cultivated to produce agarwood. In French Guiana, farmers would like to locally produce agarwood in their field. That's why we wonder if fungal communities naturally present in French Guiana present characteristics making it compatible with the induction of agarwood. In this study, NGS was used to characterize fungal communities associated with agarwood: 693,961 sequences that cover ITS2 estimated about 250bp have been obtained. These sequences have been grouped into 535 OTUs, displaying 100% identity. In this study, 87% were Ascomycetes and 10.5% were Basidiomycetes. These results show also differences in fungal communities between aboveground and belowground parts of the tree. Likewise, differences between countries within fungal communities were also observed.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 855  
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