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Lambs, L.; Bompy, F.; Dulormne, M. |
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Using an “isotopic spike” from a tropical storm to understand water exchange on a large scale: Case study of Hurricane Rafael in the lesser antilles archipelago, October 2012 |
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2018 |
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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32 |
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6 |
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457-468 |
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Rationale: Studies of wetland eco-hydrology in tropical coastal areas are scarce, and the use of water stable isotopes can be of great help. Key constraints for their analysis are (i) the small difference in delta18O values between seawater and old evaporated freshwater, and (ii) the fact that the presence of old brackish water limits the determination of the water origin and dynamic. Methods: The water from tropical storms displays distinctively depleted heavy stable isotopes, in comparison with usual tropical rainfall without strong convective thunderstorms. During tropical storms, such as Hurricane Rafael in mid-October 2012, the rainfall delta18O signal can be decreased by many units. This effect is called an “isotopic spike”, and it could be used as a temporal marker of the water fluxes. Results: Water samples, with delta18O values as low as −8.9/1000, were collected on the islands of Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin during Hurricane Rafael, whereas the usual range of groundwater or mean rainfall delta18O values is around −2.8 +/- 0.5 /1000, as measured from 2009 to 2012. These water “isotopic spikes” allow us to show a surface freshwater uptake by mangrove trees in Guadeloupe, and in Saint-Martin, to calculate the water renewal of the salt ponds and pools. Conclusions: The “isotopic spikes” generated by tropical storms are generally used to track back past storm events, as recorded in trees and stalagmites. Here, the propagation of isotopic spike is followed to improve the understanding of the freshwater circulation and the water dynamic within coastal ecosystems influenced by seawater. |
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UMR ECOFOG, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159, France |
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Export Date: 2 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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818 |
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Schmidt, M.; Dejean, A. |
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A dolichoderine ant that constructs traps to ambush prey collectively: convergent evolution with a myrmicine genus |
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2018 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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124 |
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1 |
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41-46 |
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Azteca brevis Forel, a dolichoderine ant species, builds along the branches of its host plant galleries that bear numerous holes slightly wider than a worker’s head. We noted that the workers hide, mandibles open, beneath different holes, waiting for arthropod prey to walk by or alight. They seize the extremities of these arthropods and pull backwards, immobilizing the prey, which is then spreadeagled and later carved up or pulled into a gallery before being carved up. The total duration of the capture ranges from a few minutes to several hours. This ambush group hunting permits the capture of insects of a wide range of sizes, with the largest being 48.71 times heavier than the workers, something that we compared with other cases of group hunting by ants and trap use by other arthropods. A convergence with myrmicine ants of the genus Allomerus is shown. Thus, this study also shows that the genus Azteca presents the largest panel of group hunting strategies by ants and that there is polyethism related to polymorphism, as hunting workers are larger than their nestmates. We concluded that these gallery-shaped traps correspond to the notion of ‘extended phenotype’. |
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0024-4066 |
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10.1093/biolinnean/bly028 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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822 |
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Hénaut, Y.; Corbara, B.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Dézerald, O.; Dejean, A. |
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An arboreal spider protects its offspring by diving into the water of tank bromeliads |
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2018 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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341 |
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3 |
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196-199 |
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Water used in protective behavior; Egg sacs; ; ; Cocons; Eau utilisée dans un comportement protecteur |
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Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae) individuals frequently live in association with tank bromeliads, including Aechmea bracteata, in Quintana Roo (Mexico). Whereas C. salei females without egg sacs hunt over their entire host plant, females carrying egg sacs settle above the A. bracteata reservoirs they have partially sealed with silk. There they avoid predators that use sight to detect their prey, as is known for many bird species. Furthermore, if a danger is more acute, these females dive with their egg sacs into the bromeliad reservoir. An experiment showed that this is not the case for males or females without egg sacs. In addition to the likely abundance of prey found therein, the potential of diving into the tank to protect offspring may explain the close association of this spider with bromeliads. These results show that, although arboreal, C. salei evolved a protective behavior using the water of tank bromeliads to protect offspring. Résumé L’araignée Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae) vit souvent en association avec la broméliacée à réservoir Aechmea bracteata. Dans le Quintana Roo (Mexique), les femelles qui transportent un cocon s’installent au-dessus d’un réservoir d’A. bracteata qu’elles obstruent partiellement de voiles de soie pour se camoufler des prédateurs. En présence de vibrations importantes et répétées, ces femelles plongent avec leur cocon dans l’eau du réservoir. Notre étude montre que les autres adultes (mâles et femelles sans cocon) n’utilisent pas les réservoirs d’eau. Ainsi, en plus de l’abondance de proies, la possibilité de pouvoir plonger pour protéger la descendance pourrait expliquer l’association entre cette espèce d’araignée et les broméliacées. Nos expériences montrent que les femelles porteuses d’un cocon manifestent une stratégie de protection vis-à-vis des cocons et d’elles-mêmes en s’immergeant durant 30, voire 90minutes. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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823 |
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Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Leponce, M.; Compin, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Azémar, F.; Corbara, B. |
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Ant–plant relationships in the canopy of an Amazonian rainforest: the presence of an ant mosaic |
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2018 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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125 |
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2 |
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344-354 |
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Using different techniques to access the canopy of an Amazonian rainforest, we inspected 157 tree crowns for arboreal ants. Diversity statistics showed that our study sample was not representative of the tree and ant populations due to their high diversity in Amazonian rainforests, but permitted us to note that a representative part of territorially dominant arboreal ant species (TDAAs) was inventoried. Mapping of TDAA territories and use of a null model showed the presence of an ant mosaic in the upper canopy, but this was not the case in the sub-canopy. Among the TDAAs, carton-nesting Azteca dominated (52.98% of the trees) whereas ant-garden ants (Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior), common in pioneer formations, were secondarily abundant (21.64% of the trees), and the remaining 25.37% of trees sheltered one of 11 other TDAAs. The distribution of the trees forming the upper canopy influences the structure of the ant mosaic, which is related to the attractiveness of some tree taxa for certain arboreal ant species and represents a case of diffuse coevolution. |
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10.1093/biolinnean/bly125 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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824 |
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Corbara, B.; Servigne, P.; Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Orivel, J. |
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A mimetic nesting association between a timid social wasp and an aggressive arboreal ant |
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2018 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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341 |
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3 |
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182-188 |
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Ant-wasp interactions; ; ; Mimicry; Nest site selection; Relations guêpes-fourmis; ; ; Mimétisme; Sélection du site de nidification |
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In French Guiana, the arboreal nests of the swarm-founding social wasp Protopolybia emortualis (Polistinae) are generally found near those of the arboreal dolichoderine ant Dolichoderus bidens. These wasp nests are typically protected by an envelope, which in turn is covered by an additional carton ‘shelter’ with structure resembling the D. bidens nests. A few wasps constantly guard their nest to keep D. bidens workers from approaching. When alarmed by a strong disturbance, the ants invade the host tree foliage whereas the wasps retreat into their nest. Notably, there is no chemical convergence in the cuticular profiles of the wasps and ants sharing a tree. The aggressiveness of D. bidens likely protects the wasps from army ant raids, but the ants do not benefit from the presence of the wasps; therefore, this relationship corresponds to a kind of commensalism. Résumé En Guyane française, les nids de la guêpe Protopolybia emortualis (Polistinae) se trouvent généralement à proximité de ceux de la fourmi arboricole Dolichoderus bidens (Dolichoderinae). Ces nids de guêpes sont typiquement protégés par une enveloppe de carton, elle-même recouverte d’une autre enveloppe formant un abri qui ressemble aux nids de carton de D. bidens. Quelques guêpes gardent leur nid en permanence afin de tenir à distance les ouvrières D. bidens. Alarmées par une forte perturbation, les fourmis envahissent tout le feuillage de leur arbre support alors que les guêpes se réfugient dans leur nid. Il n’y a pas de convergence chimique entre les profils cuticulaires des guêpes et ceux des fourmis associées. Il est très probable que les P. emortualis bénéficient d’une protection contre les fourmis légionnaires grâce à l’agressivité des D. bidens, mais il n’y a pas réciprocité, de sorte que cette relation correspond à une forme de commensalisme. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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825 |
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Gibson, J.C.; Larabee, F.J.; Touchard, A.; Orivel, J.; Suarez, A.V. |
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Mandible strike kinematics of the trap-jaw ant genus Anochetus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
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2018 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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306 |
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2 |
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119-128 |
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catapult mechanism; comparative biomechanics; Formicidae; functional morphology; kinematics; mandible strike; power amplification |
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High-speed power-amplification mechanisms are common throughout the animal kingdom. In ants, power-amplified trap-jaw mandibles have evolved independently at least four times, including once in the subfamily Ponerinae which contains the sister genera Odontomachus and Anochetus. In Odontomachus, mandible strikes have been relatively well described and can occur in <0.15 ms and reach speeds of over 60 m s−1. In contrast, the kinematics of mandible strikes have not been examined in Anochetus, whose species are smaller and morphologically distinct from Odontomachus. In this study, we describe the mandible strike kinematics of four species of Anochetus representative of the morphological, phylogenetic, and size diversity present within the genus. We also compare their strikes to two representative species of Odontomachus. We found that two species, Anochetus targionii and Anochetus paripungens, have mandible strikes that overall closely resemble those found in Odontomachus, reaching a mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 3.7 × 104 rad s−1 and 8.5 × 108 rad s−2, respectively. This performance is consistent with predictions based on body size scaling relationships described for Odontomachus. In contrast, Anochetus horridus and Anochetus emarginatus have slower strikes relative to the other species of Anochetus and Odontomachus, reaching mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 1.3 × 104 rad s−1 and 2 × 108 rad s−2, respectively. This variation in strike performance among species of Anochetus likely reflects differences in evolutionary history, physiology, and natural history among species. © 2018 The Zoological Society of London |
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Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States |
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Export Date: 15 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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826 |
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Craine, J.M.; Elmore, A.J.; Wang, L.; Aranibar, J.; Bauters, M.; Boeckx, P.; Crowley, B.E.; Dawes, M.A.; Delzon, S.; Fajardo, A.; Fang, Y.; Fujiyoshi, L.; Gray, A.; Guerrieri, R.; Gundale, M.J.; Hawke, D.J.; Hietz, P.; Jonard, M.; Kearsley, E.; Kenzo, T.; Makarov, M.; Marañón-Jiménez, S.; McGlynn, T.P.; McNeil, B.E.; Mosher, S.G.; Nelson, D.M.; Peri, P.L.; Roggy, J.C.; Sanders-DeMott, R.; Song, M.; Szpak, P.; Templer, P.H.; Van der Colff, D.; Werner, C.; Xu, X.; Yang, Y.; Yu, G.; Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, K. |
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Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems |
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2018 |
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Nature Ecology & Evolution |
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2 |
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11 |
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1735-1744 |
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Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain. Examining patterns of foliar N concentrations and isotope ratios (delta15N) from more than 43,000 samples acquired over 37 years, here we show that foliar N concentration declined by 9% and foliar delta15N declined by 0.6–1.6 per thousand. Examining patterns across different climate spaces, foliar delta15N declined across the entire range of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation tested. These results suggest declines in N supply relative to plant demand at the global scale. In all, there are now multiple lines of evidence of declining N availability in many unfertilized terrestrial ecosystems, including declines in delta15N of tree rings and leaves from herbarium samples over the past 75–150 years. These patterns are consistent with the proposed consequences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and longer growing seasons. These declines will limit future terrestrial carbon uptake and increase nutritional stress for herbivores. |
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2397-334x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Craine2018 |
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827 |
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Dézerald, O.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Farjalla, V.F.; Leroy, C.; Marino, N.A.C.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; González, A.L. |
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Functional traits and environmental conditions predict community isotopic niches and energy pathways across spatial scales |
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2018 |
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Functional Ecology |
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32 |
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10 |
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2423-2434 |
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energy pathways; environmental heterogeneity; food webs; functional biogeography; functional diversity; isotopic niche; metacommunity; trophic structure |
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Despite ongoing research in food web ecology and functional biogeography, the links between food web structure, functional traits and environmental conditions across spatial scales remain poorly understood. Trophic niches, defined as the amount of energy and elemental space occupied by species and food webs, may help bridge this divide. Here, we ask how the functional traits of species, the environmental conditions of habitats and the spatial scale of analysis jointly determine the characteristics of trophic niches. We used isotopic niches as a proxy of trophic niches, and conducted analyses at spatial scales ranging from local food webs and metacommunities to geographically distant sites. We sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates from 104 tank bromeliads distributed across five sites from Central to South America and compiled the macroinvertebrates’ functional traits and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C). We assessed how isotopic niches within each bromeliad were influenced by the functional trait composition of their associated invertebrates and environmental conditions (i.e., habitat size, canopy cover [CC] and detrital concentration [DC]). We then evaluated whether the diet of dominant predators and, consequently, energy pathways within food webs reflected functional and environmental changes among bromeliads across sites. At last, we determined the extent to which the isotopic niches of macroinvertebrates within each bromeliad contributed to the metacommunity isotopic niches within each site and compared these metacommunity-level niches over biogeographic scales. At the bromeliad level, isotopic niches increased with the functional richness of species in the food web and the DC in the bromeliad. The diet of top predators tracked shifts in prey biomass along gradients of CC and DC. Bromeliads that grew under heterogeneous CC displayed less trophic redundancy and therefore combined to form larger metacommunity isotopic niches. At last, the size of metacommunity niches depended on within-site heterogeneity in CC. Our results suggest that the trophic niches occupied by food webs can predictably scale from local food webs to metacommunities to biogeographic regions. This scaling process is determined by both the functional traits of species and heterogeneity in environmental conditions. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
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Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico |
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Export Date: 22 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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828 |
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Céréghino, R.; Pillar, V.D.; Srivastava, D.S.; de Omena, P.M.; MacDonald, A.A.M.; Barberis, I.M.; Corbara, B.; Guzman, L.M.; Leroy, C.; Ospina Bautista, F.; Romero, G.Q.; Trzcinski, M.K.; Kratina, P.; Debastiani, V.J.; Gonçalves, A.Z.; Marino, N.A.C.; Farjalla, V.F.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Dézerald, O.; Gilbert, B.; Petermann, J.; Talaga, S.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Jocqué, M.; Montero, G. |
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Constraints on the functional trait space of aquatic invertebrates in bromeliads |
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2018 |
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Functional Ecology |
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32 |
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10 |
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2435-2447 |
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aquatic invertebrates; ecological strategies; functional diversity; functional trait space; niche hypervolume |
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Functional traits are commonly used in predictive models that link environmental drivers and community structure to ecosystem functioning. A prerequisite is to identify robust sets of continuous axes of trait variation, and to understand the ecological and evolutionary constraints that result in the functional trait space occupied by interacting species. Despite their diversity and role in ecosystem functioning, little is known of the constraints on the functional trait space of invertebrate biotas of entire biogeographic regions. We examined the ecological strategies and constraints underlying the realized trait space of aquatic invertebrates, using data on 12 functional traits of 852 taxa collected in tank bromeliads from Mexico to Argentina. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce trait dimensionality to significant axes of trait variation, and the proportion of potential trait space that is actually occupied by all taxa was compared to null model expectations. Permutational Analyses of Variance were used to test whether trait combinations were clade-dependent. The major axes of trait variation represented life-history strategies optimizing resource use and antipredator adaptations. There was evidence for trophic, habitat, defence and life-history niche axes. Bromeliad invertebrates only occupied 16%–23% of the potential space within these dimensions, due to greater concentrations than predicted under uniform or normal distributions. Thus, despite high taxonomic diversity, invertebrates only utilized a small number of successful ecological strategies. Empty areas in trait space represented gaps between major phyla that arose from biological innovations, and trait combinations that are unviable in the bromeliad ecosystem. Only a few phylogenetically distant genera were neighbouring in trait space. Trait combinations aggregated taxa by family and then by order, suggesting that niche conservatism was a widespread mechanism in the diversification of ecological strategies. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina |
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Export Date: 22 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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829 |
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Maréchaux, I.; Bonal, D.; Bartlett, M.K.; Burban, B.; Coste, S.; Courtois, E.A.; Dulormne, M.; Goret, J.-Y.; Mira, E.; Mirabel, A.; Sack, L.; Stahl, C.; Chave, J. |
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Dry-season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest |
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2018 |
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Functional Ecology |
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Funct Ecol |
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32 |
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10 |
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2285-2297 |
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drought tolerance; hydraulic conductance; sap flow; sapflux density; tropical trees; turgor loss point; water potential; wilting point |
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Water availability is a key determinant of forest ecosystem function and tree species distributions. While droughts are increasing in frequency in many ecosystems, including in the tropics, plant responses to water supply vary with species and drought intensity and are therefore difficult to model. Based on physiological first principles, we hypothesized that trees with a lower turgor loss point (pi-tlp), that is, a more negative leaf water potential at wilting, would maintain water transport for longer into a dry season. We measured sapflux density of 22 mature trees of 10 species during a dry season in an Amazonian rainforest, quantified sapflux decline as soil water content decreased and tested its relationship to tree pi-tlp, size and leaf predawn and midday water potentials measured after the onset of the dry season. The measured trees varied strongly in the response of water use to the seasonal drought, with sapflux at the end of the dry season ranging from 37 to 117% (on average 83 +/- 5 %) of that at the beginning of the dry season. The decline of water transport as soil dried was correlated with tree pi-tlp (Spearman's rho > 0.63), but not with tree size or predawn and midday water potentials. Thus, trees with more drought-tolerant leaves better maintained water transport during the seasonal drought. Our study provides an explicit correlation between a trait, measurable at the leaf level, and whole-plant performance under drying conditions. Physiological traits such as pi-tlp can be used to assess and model higher scale processes in response to drying conditions. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0269-8463 |
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doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13188 |
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830 |
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