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Fanin, N.; Hättenschwiler, S.; Schimann, H.; Fromin, N. |
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Interactive effects of C, N and P fertilization on soil microbial community structure and function in an Amazonian rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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29 |
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1 |
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140-150 |
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Ecosystem functioning; Functional significance; Microbial community structure; Multiple resource limitation; Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA); Phosphorus; Soil functioning; Tropical forest |
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Resource control over abundance, structure and functional diversity of soil microbial communities is a key determinant of soil processes and related ecosystem functioning. Copiotrophic organisms tend to be found in environments which are rich in nutrients, particularly carbon, in contrast to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations. We hypothesized that microbial biomass, activity and community structure in nutrient-poor soils of an Amazonian rain forest are limited by multiple elements in interaction. We tested this hypothesis with a fertilization experiment by adding C (as cellulose), N (as urea) and P (as phosphate) in all possible combinations to a total of 40 plots of an undisturbed tropical forest in French Guiana. After 2 years of fertilization, we measured a 47% higher biomass, a 21% increase in substrate-induced respiration rate and a 5-fold higher rate of decomposition of cellulose paper discs of soil microbial communities that grew in P-fertilized plots compared to plots without P fertilization. These responses were amplified with a simultaneous C fertilization suggesting P and C colimitation of soil micro-organisms at our study site. Moreover, P fertilization modified microbial community structure (PLFAs) to a more copiotrophic bacterial community indicated by a significant decrease in the Gram-positive : Gram-negative ratio. The Fungi : Bacteria ratio increased in N fertilized plots, suggesting that fungi are relatively more limited by N than bacteria. Changes in microbial community structure did not affect rates of general processes such as glucose mineralization and cellulose paper decomposition. In contrast, community level physiological profiles under P fertilization combined with either C or N fertilization or both differed strongly from all other treatments, indicating functionally different microbial communities. While P appears to be the most critical from the three major elements we manipulated, the strongest effects were observed in combination with either supplementary C or N addition in support of multiple element control on soil microbial functioning and community structure. We conclude that the soil microbial community in the studied tropical rain forest and the processes it drives is finely tuned by the relative availability in C, N and P. Any shifts in the relative abundance of these key elements may affect spatial and temporal heterogeneity in microbial community structure, their associated functions and the dynamics of C and nutrients in tropical ecosystems. |
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INRA, UMR 614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, 2 esplanade Roland GarrosReims, France |
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Export Date: 4 February 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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583 |
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Faustin, M.; Maciuk, A.; Salvin, P.; Roos, C.; Lebrini, M. |
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Corrosion inhibition of C38 steel by alkaloids extract of Geissospermum laeve in 1M hydrochloric acid: Electrochemical and phytochemical studies |
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2015 |
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Corrosion Science |
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Corrosion Science |
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92 |
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287-300 |
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A. C38 steel; B. Eis; B. Sem; C. Acid corrosion; C. Anodic protection; C. Cathodic protection |
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Corrosion inhibition by alkaloids extract (AE) from Geissospermum laeve on C38 steel in 1. M HCl is investigated with electrochemical studies. Inhibition efficiency of 92% is reached with 100. mg/L of AE at 25. °C. Potentiodynamic polarization showed that the extract behaves as mixed-type inhibitors. The Nyquist plots showed that increasing AE concentration, charge-transfer resistance increased and double-layer capacitance decreased, involving increased inhibition efficiency. Adsorption of the inhibitor molecules corresponds to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Immersion time and temperature effects were investigated using EIS and potentiodynamic polarization. SEM and EDX supported the adsorption conclusions. The active compound responsible for the corrosion inhibition is geissospermine. |
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Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles et Chimiotherapies Antiparasitaires, BioCIS, Université Paris-SudChâtenay-Malabry, France |
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584 |
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Houadria, M.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Orivel, J.; Blüthgen, N.; Menzel, F. |
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Dietary and Temporal Niche Differentiation in Tropical Ants-Can They Explain Local Ant Coexistence? |
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2015 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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47 |
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2 |
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208-217 |
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Ants; Baiting; Dietary specialization; Functional traits; Niche breadth; Partitioning; Temporal distribution |
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How species with similar ecological requirements avoid competitive exclusion remains contentious, especially in the species-rich tropics. Niche differentiation has been proposed as a major mechanism for species coexistence. However, different niche dimensions must be studied simultaneously to assess their combined effects on diversity and composition of a community. In most terrestrial ecosystems, ants are among the most abundant and ubiquitous animals. Since they display direct, aggressive competition and often competitively displace subordinate species from resources, niche differentiation may be especially relevant among ants. We studied temporal and trophic niche differentiation in a ground ant community in a forest fragment in French Guiana. Different baits were presented during day and night to assess the temporal and dietary niches of the local species. They represented natural food resources such as sugars, carrion, excrements, seeds, and live prey. In addition, pitfalls provided a background measure of ant diversity. The communities attracted to the different baits significantly differed from each other, and even less attractive baits yielded additional species. We detected species specialized on living grasshoppers, sucrose, seeds, or dead insects. Community-level differences between day and night were larger than those between baits, and many species were temporally specialized. In contrast to commonness, foraging efficiency of species was correlated to food specialization. We conclude that many ant species occupy different temporal or dietary niches. However, for many generalized species, the dietary, and temporal niche differentiation brought forward through our sampling effort, cannot alone explain their coexistence. |
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Department of Biology, Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany |
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Export Date: 17 March 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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585 |
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Salvin, P.; Ondel, O.; Roos, C.; Robert, F. |
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Energy harvest with mangrove benthic microbial fuel cells |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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International Journal of Energy Research |
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Int J Energy Res |
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39 |
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4 |
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543-556 |
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Balancing circuit; Benthic microbial fuel cell; Efficiency; Energy harvesting |
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Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are continuous electricity generators using electroactive microorganisms and organic matter from aquatic environment, respectively, as catalysts and substrate. In this paper, first a low-cost PVC-made structure is constructed to harvest electricity from mangrove environment located in French Guiana. An in situ BMFC has given power density of 30mW/m2 of the anodic surface area. This performance has been confirmed by experience in laboratory where inter-electrode distance and electrode surface area appeared to be power increasing factors. However, the output power of one BMFC is not used to supply real devices such as autonomous sensors. Second, to meet this expectation, in parallel and in series associations were considered. These associations were made in order to increase the output voltage and consequently the power, to reach levels that can supply small sensors (about 3V). Finally, to improve the performance of the series association and to avoid the voltage reversal phenomenon, a voltage balancing circuit was simulated and added to the series connections. With balancing method, the cell voltage of BMFCs can be equalized, and the performances can be improved. This allows an optimal energy harvesting and a better global efficiency of the set. |
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Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne; CNRS, UMR 5005, Laboratoire Ampère, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918Villeurbanne, France |
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586 |
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Houel, E.; Gonzalez, G.; Bessière, J.-M.; Odonne, G.; Eparvier, V.; Deharo, E.; Stien, D. |
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Therapeutic switching: From antidermatophytic essential oils to new leishmanicidal products |
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2015 |
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Memorias do Inst. Oswaldo Cruz |
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110 |
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1 |
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106-113 |
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Antifungal agents; Antiparasitic agents; Leishmania; Peritoneal macrophages – sesquiterpenes; Therapeutic switching |
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This study examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (EOs) can be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against Leishmania amazonensis. The aerial parts of seven plants were hydrodistilled. Using broth microdilution techniques, the obtained EOs were tested against three strains of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis). To compare the EOs antifungal and antiparasitic effects, the EOs activities against axenic amastigotes of L. amazonensis were concurrently evaluated. For the most promising EOs, their antileishmanial activities against parasites infecting peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice were measured. The most interesting antifungal candidates were the EOs from Cymbopogon citratus, Otacanthus azureus and Protium heptaphyllum, whereas O. azureus, Piper hispidum and P. heptaphyllum EOs exhibited the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against axenic amastigotes, thus revealing a certain correspondence between both activities. The P. hispidum EO was identified as the most promising product in the results from the infected macrophages model (IC50: 4.7 μg/mL, safety index: 8). The most abundant compounds found in this EO were sesquiterpenes, notably curzerene and furanodiene. Eventually, the evaluation of the antidermatophytic activity of EOs appears to be an efficient method for identifying new potential drugs for the treatment of L. amazonensis. |
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Export Date: 17 March 2015 |
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587 |
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Cantera, I.; Cilleros, K.; Valentini, A.; Cerdan, A.; Dejean, T.; Iribar, A.; Taberlet, P.; Vigouroux, R.; Brosse, S. |
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Optimizing environmental DNA sampling effort for fish inventories in tropical streams and rivers |
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2019 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci. Rep. |
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9 |
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3085 |
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a promising tool to estimate aquatic biodiversity. It is based on the capture of DNA from a water sample. The sampled water volume, a crucial aspect for efficient species detection, has been empirically variable (ranging from few centiliters to tens of liters). This results in a high variability of sampling effort across studies, making comparisons difficult and raising uncertainties about the completeness of eDNA inventories. Our aim was to determine the sampling effort (filtered water volume) needed to get optimal inventories of fish assemblages in species-rich tropical streams and rivers using eDNA. Ten DNA replicates were collected in six Guianese sites (3 streams and 3 rivers), resulting in sampling efforts ranging from 17 to 340 liters of water. We show that sampling 34 liters of water detected more than 64% of the expected fish fauna and permitted to distinguish the fauna between sites and between ecosystem types (stream versus rivers). Above 68 liters, the number of detected species per site increased slightly, with a detection rate higher than 71%. Increasing sampling effort up to 340 liters provided little additional information, testifying that filtering 34 to 68 liters is sufficient to inventory most of the fauna in highly diverse tropical aquatic ecosystems. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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HYDRECO, Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut, B.P 823, Kourou Cedex, F-97388, French Guiana |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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865 |
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Baraloto, C.; Alverga, P.; Quispe, S.B.; Barnes, G.; Chura, N.B.; Da Silva, I.B.; Castro, W.; Da Souza, H.; De Souza Moll, I.; Del Alcazar Chilo, J.; Linares, H.D.; Quispe, J.G.; Kenji, D.; Medeiros, H.; Murphy, S.; Rockwell, C.A.; Shenkin, A.; Silveira, M.; Southworth, J.; Vasquez, G.; Perz, S. |
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Trade-offs among forest value components in community forests of southwestern Amazonia |
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2014 |
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Ecology and Society |
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Ecology and Society |
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19 |
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4 |
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56 |
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Açai; Biodiversity conservation; Brazil nut; Carbon stocks; Livelihood; Ntfp; Redd; Rubber; Timber; Tropical rainforest |
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Contemporary conservation interventions must balance potential trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services. In tropical forests, much attention has focused on the extent to which carbon-based conservation provided by REDD+ policies can also mitigate biodiversity conservation. In the nearly one-third of tropical forests that are community owned or managed, conservation strategies must also balance the multiple uses of forest products that support local livelihoods. Although much discussion has focused on policy options, little empirical evidence exists to evaluate the potential for trade-offs among different tropical forest value components. We assessed multiple components of forest value, including tree diversity, carbon stocks, and both timber and nontimber forest product resources, in forest communities across the trinational frontier of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. We installed 69 0.5-ha vegetation plots in local communities, and we characterized 15 components of forest value for each plot. Principal components analyses revealed two major axes of forest value, the first of which defined a trade-off between diversity of woody plant communities (taxonomic and functional) versus aboveground biomass and standing timber volume. The second axis described abundance of commercial species, with strong positive loadings for density of timber and nontimber forest products, including Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.). The observed trade-off between different components of forest value suggests a potential for management conflicts prioritizing biodiversity conservation versus carbon stocks in the region. We discuss the potential for integrative indices of forest value for tropical forest conservation. |
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Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, United States |
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Export Date: 23 March 2015 |
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589 |
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Marcon, E.; Herault, B. |
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Decomposing phylodiversity |
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2015 |
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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6 |
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3 |
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333-339 |
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Biodiversity; Entropy; Functional diversity; Phylogenetic diversity |
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Measuring functional or phylogenetic diversity is the object of an active literature. The main issues to address are relating measures to a clear conceptual framework, allowing unavoidable estimation-bias correction and decomposing diversity along spatial scales. We provide a general mathematical framework to decompose measures of species-neutral, phylogenetic or functional diversity into α and β components. We first unify the definitions of phylogenetic and functional entropy and diversity as a generalization of HCDT entropy and Hill numbers when an ultrametric tree is considered. We then derive the decomposition of diversity. We propose a bias correction of the estimates allowing meaningful computation from real, often undersampled communities. Entropy can be transformed into true diversity, that is an effective number of species or communities. Estimators of α- and β-entropy, phylogenetic and functional entropy are provided. Proper definition and estimation of diversity is the first step towards better understanding its underlying ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, BP 709Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 31 March 2015 |
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590 |
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Brienen, R.J.W.; Phillips, O.L.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Gloor, E.; Baker, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Malhi, Y.; Lewis, S.L.; Vásquez Martinez, R.; Alexiades, M.; Álvarez Dávila, E.; Alvarez-Loayza, P.; Andrade, A.; Aragaõ, L.E.O.C.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard C., G.A.; Bánki, O.S.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.; Bonal, D.; Boot, R.G.A.; Camargo, J.L.C.; Castilho, C.V.; Chama, V.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Comiskey, J.A.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Da Costa, L.; De Oliveira, E.A.; Di Fiore, A.; Erwin, T.L.; Fauset, S.; Forsthofer, M.; Galbraith, D.R.; Grahame, E.S.; Groot, N.; Herault, B.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Keeling, H.; Killeen, T.J.; Laurance, W.F.; Laurance, S.; Licona, J.; Magnussen, W.E.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Mendoza, C.; Neill, D.A.; Nogueira, E.M.; Núñez, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada, A.; Pardo-Molina, G.; Peacock, J.; Penã-Claros, M.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Poorter, L.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramírez, F.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Restrepo, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomaõ, R.P.; Schwarz, M.; Silva, N.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Talbot, J.; Ter Steege, H.; Teran-Aguilar, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas-Caesar, R.; Toledo, M.; Torello-Raventos, M.; Umetsu, R.K.; Van Der Heijden, G.M.F.; Van Der Hout, P.; Guimarães Vieira, I.C.; Vieira, S.A.; Vilanova, E.; Vos, V.A.; Zagt, R.J. |
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Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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519 |
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7543 |
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344-348 |
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models. © 2015 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. |
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Centro de Investigación y Promoción Del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra Nu 362Riberalta, Bolivia |
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Export Date: 1 April 2015 |
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591 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Rougerie, R.; Decaëns, T.; Herault, B.; Bénéluz, F. |
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Stay Out (Almost) All Night: Contrasting Responses in Flight Activity Among Tropical Moth Assemblages |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Neotropical Entomology |
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Neotropical Entomology |
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44 |
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2 |
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109-115 |
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Keywords |
Behavior; diel activity; light trap; monitoring; moth; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity. © 2015, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. |
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Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRSMontpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Notes |
Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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592 |
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