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Author |
Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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Title |
An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
335-354 |
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Keywords |
model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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Abstract |
A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000220392200002 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial  |
238 |
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Author |
Latouche-Halle, C.; Ramboer, A.; Bandou, E.; Caron, H.; Kremer, A. |
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Title |
Long-distance pollen flow and tolerance to selfing in a neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1055-1064 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; microsatellites; outcrossing rate; pollen flow; reproductive success; tropical tree |
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Abstract |
Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (t(m) = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long-distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species. |
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INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: caron@pierroton.mra.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221016300007 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
237 |
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Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Moiroud, A.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M. |
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Title |
Estimating N transfers between N-2-fixing actinorhizal species and the non-N-2-fixing Prunus avium under partially controlled conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biology and Fertility of Soils |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Fertil. Soils |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
312-319 |
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Keywords |
actinorhizal trees; mixed culture; litter; N transfer by roots; N-15 |
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Abstract |
Two methods of N transfer between plants-by litter decomposition and root-to-root exchange-were examined in mixed plantations of N-fixing and non-fixing trees. Nitrogen transfers from decaying litters were measured by placing N-15-labelled litters from four actinorhizal tree species around shoots of containerized Prunus avium. Nitrogen transfers by root-to-root exchanges were measured after foliar NO3-N-15 fertilization of Alnus subcordata and Elaeagnus angustifolia growing in containers in association with P. avium. During the first 2 years of litter decomposition, from 5-20% of the N, depending on the litter identity, was released and taken up by P. avium. N availability in the different litters was strongly correlated with the amount of water-soluble N, which was highest in leaves of E. angustifolia. In the association between fixing and non-fixing plants, 7.5% of the A. subcordata N and 25% of E. angustifolia N was transferred to P. avium by root exchange. These results showed that the magnitude of N transfers by root exchange depended on the associated N-2-fixing species. Among the species investigated, E. angustifolia displayed the highest capacity for exudating N from roots as well as for releasing N from litters. These qualities make this tree a promising species for enhancing wood yields in mixed stands. |
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Address |
INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech,Lab Ecol Forets Trop Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER-VERLAG |
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0178-2762 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221197000002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
236 |
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Author |
Eva, H.D.; Belward, A.S.; De Miranda, E.E.; Di Bella, C.M.; Gond, V.; Huber, O.; Jones, S.; Sgrenzaroli, M.; Fritz, S. |
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Title |
A land cover map of South America |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
731-744 |
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Keywords |
Amazonia; ecosystems; land cover; mapping; South America; vegetation classes |
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Abstract |
A digital land cover map of South America has been produced using remotely sensed satellite data acquired between 1995 and the year 2000. The mapping scale is defined by the 1 km spatial resolution of the map grid-cell. In order to realize the product, different sources of satellite data were used, each source providing either a particular parameter of land cover characteristic required by the legend, or mapping a particular land cover class. The map legend is designed both to fit requirements for regional climate modelling and for studies on land cover change. The legend is also compatible with a wider, global, land cover mapping exercise, which seeks to characterize the world's land surface for the year 2000. As a first step, the humid forest domain has been validated using a sample of high-resolution satellite images. The map demonstrates both the major incursions of agriculture into the remaining forest domains and the extensive areas of agriculture, which now dominate South America's grasslands. |
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Address |
Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP 440, I-21020 Ispra, Italy, Email: hugh.eva@jrc.it |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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1354-1013 |
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Notes |
ISI:000221421600015 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
235 |
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Author |
Phillips, P.D.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.; Degen, B. |
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Title |
Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
419-434 |
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Keywords |
tropical rain; forest; population genetics; model SYMFOR; eco-gene; scaling up; competition |
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Abstract |
Understanding the effects of logging activity on genetic diversity is an important aspect of establishing the sustainability of selective logging management operations in tropical forests. Genetic variation is affected by selective logging directly, through the removal of and damage to trees within the population, and indirectly, through a change in the forest structure and environment in which the remaining population lives. Eco-Gene is a population genetics model applied to tropical forests over a scale of hundreds of hectares. SYMFOR is a modelling framework for individual-based spatially explicit ecological and management models applied to tropical forests over a scale of 0.25 4 ha. We have linked the models to enable simulations using processes involved in both models. To overcome problems of scale, the spatially explicit competition index calculated in SYMFOR simulations has been modelled such that it can be applied at scales representing much larger areas for which the data are not available, as required by Eco-Gene. The competition index is modelled as a distribution on a grid-square basis, and implemented in the linked Eco-Gene/SYMFOR system. Each tree within a grid-square is given a “relative competition” within the distribution, biased according to species. A competition index value is obtained for the tree by transforming the grid-square distribution to be relevant to the size of the tree, and extracting a value according to the tree's relative competition within the distribution. The distribution and each tree's relative competition within it change according to the effects of growth, mortality and logging activity. The model was calibrated using data from the Tapajos region of the Eastern Amazon forest. This paper describes the model, its calibration and validation and the implications of scaling up from an explicit representation to a modelled quantity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil, Email: paul.phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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Notes |
ISI:000224635700012 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
234 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E. |
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Title |
Microhabitat associations and seedling bank dynamics in a neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
141 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
701-712 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; life history traits; light availability; regeneration niche; soil nutrients |
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Abstract |
We conducted a rigorous test of tropical tree seedling microhabitat differentiation by examining microhabitat associations, survival and growth of established seedlings of ten tropical tree species representing a four-factor gradient in seed size. Eight microhabitat variables describing soil and light conditions were measured directly adjacent to each of 588 seedlings within twelve 10 x 100 m belt transects at Paracou, French Guiana, and at 264 reference points along the transects. From these measurements, we defined three principal components describing soil richness, soil softness and canopy openness. Six of ten species ( in 9 of 30 total cases) were distributed non-randomly with respect to microhabitat along at least one principal component. However, few species demonstrated clear microhabitat specialization. All shifts in distribution relative to reference points were in the same direction ( richer, softer soil). Furthermore, of 135 pairwise comparisons among the species, only 7 were significantly different. More than three-fourths of all seedlings (75.3%) survived over the 2-year monitoring period, but survival rates varied widely among species. In no case was the probability of survival influenced by any microhabitat parameter. Relative height growth rates for the seedlings over 2 years varied from – 0.031 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Dicorynia guianensis, Caesalpiniaceae) to 0.088 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Virola michelii, Myristicaceae). In only 4 of 30 cases was height growth significantly associated with one of the three principal components. Because the conditions in this study were designed to maximize the chance of finding microhabitat differentiation among a group of species differing greatly in life history traits, the lack of microhabitat specialization it uncovered suggests that microhabitat partitioning among tropical tree species at the established seedling stage is unlikely to contribute greatly to coexistence among these species. |
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Address |
INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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SPRINGER |
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ISSN |
0029-8549 |
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Notes |
ISI:000224999800015 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
233 |
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Author |
Bereau, M.; Bonal, D.; Louisanna, E.; Garbaye, J. |
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Title |
Do mycorrhizas improve tropical tree seedling performance under water stress and low light conditions? A case study with Dicorynia guianensis (Caesalpiniaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
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Pages |
375-381 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; leaf gas exchange; mycorrhizal symbiosis; tropical forest; water limitation |
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Abstract |
We tested the response of seedlings of Diconyina guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-con trolled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment. |
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Address |
UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bercau.m@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0266-4674 |
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Notes |
ISI:000231009300003 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
232 |
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Author |
Delaval, M.; Henry, M.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
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Title |
Interspecific competition and niche partitioning: Example of a neotropical rainforest bat community |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
149-165 |
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Abstract |
To understand the organization of a bat community and the coexistence of sympatric species, it is essential to understand how species use and share common resources. First, we describe a bat community in a primary rainforest of French Guiana. The presence of particular roosting sites, such as caves, and the absence of disturbances are important local factors in structuring communities. In the course of this study, we focused on the three most common species of three vegetarian bat guilds (understorey frugivores, canopy frugivores and nectarivores). The local coexistence of these species is possible thanks to space, food and/or time partitioning. Space partitioning is consistent with the hypothesis that smaller bats with a more manoeuvrable flight tend to occupy more cluttered space less attractive to their competitors and have smaller home range. We observed a time partitioning that is likely to reduce competition among some frugivorous bat species by reducing direct interference during foraging. Besides an interest for the field community ecology, this study of a community living in a primary forest can be used as a reference for non disturbed habitat for conservation purposes. |
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Address |
Dept Ecol & Gestion Biodivers, UMR 5176, F-91800 Brunoy, France, Email: marguerite.delaval@wanadoo.fr |
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SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE |
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0249-7395 |
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Notes |
ISI:000230973300005 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
231 |
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Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Imbert, P.; Born, C.; Bonal, D.; Dreyer, E. |
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Title |
Leaf photosynthetic traits of 14 tropical rain forest species in relation to leaf nitrogen concentration and shade tolerance |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1127-1137 |
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Keywords |
functional diversity; leaf carbon; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen-use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rain forest |
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Abstract |
Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species. |
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Address |
CNRS Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA, ENGREF,CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0829-318X |
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Notes |
ISI:000231555200005 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
230 |
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Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Nicolini, E.; Imbert, P.; Caraglio, Y.; Bosc, A.; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
Links between tree structure and functional leaf traits in the tropical forest tree Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
553-564 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; leaf structure; functional leaf traits; plasticity; tree structure |
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Abstract |
This study looked at the interactive effects of tree architectural stage of development (ASD) and light availability on different plant traits (growth parameters, leaf morpho-anatomy and photosynthetic capacities) in the tropical species Dicorynia guianensis. A qualitative architectural analysis was used to categorize tree individuals sampled along a natural light gradient. The results show that some traits could have an ASD-dependence at the whole plant and leaf level without control of light. The changes observed relate to vigour thresholds the plant has to reach to shift from one ASD to another (i.e., the number of nodes and the internodes length per Growth Unit). Light conditions do not modify these thresholds but may modify the time they are crossed. Tree height was found strongly modulated by light conditions; hence, at a similar height, individuals may belong to different ASD. At the functional level, a decrease in N-m, and A(maxm) was observed with increasing light availability, while N-a increased and A(maxa) remained unaffected. An ASD effect was also observed on Amaxa and LMA but not on Amaxm. These results demonstrated a weak ability of photosynthetic plasticity in response to light conditions, and that variations of leaf photosynthetic variables according to ASD can be explained by modifications in leaf nitrogen and LMA. Questions on the reliability of a height-based sampling strategy for evaluating the phenotypic plasticity of trees in relation to light conditions are raised. |
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INRA, Ecol Forets Guyane, ENGREF, UMR CIRAD, F-97387 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000232084400009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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229 |
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