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Dézerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Talaga, S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Tank bromeliads sustain high secondary production in neotropical forests |
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2018 |
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Aquatic Sciences |
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80 |
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14 |
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Biomass turnover; Epiphytes; Food webs; Functional traits; Invertebrates; Rainforests |
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In neotropical landscapes, a substantial fraction of the still waters available is found within tank bromeliads, plants which hold a few milliliters to several litres of rainwater within their leaf axils. The bromeliad ecosystem is integrated into the functioning of rainforest environments, but no study has ever estimated the secondary production, nor the biomass turnover rates of bromeliad macroinvertebrates in relation to other functional traits. We estimated secondary production at invertebrate population to metacommunity level in bromeliads of French Guiana. Coleoptera, Diptera and Crustacea with traits that confer resistance to drought had lower biomass turnover, longer generation times, and slower individual growth than species without particular resistance traits, suggesting convergent life history strategies in phylogenetically distant species. Detritivores and predators accounted for 87% and 13% of the overall annual production, respectively, but had similar production to biomass ratios. An average bromeliad sustained a production of 23.93 g dry mass m−2 year−1, a value which exceeds the medians of 5.0–14.8 g DM m−2 year−1 for lakes and rivers worldwide. Extrapolations to the total water volumes held by bromeliads at our field site yielded secondary production estimates of 226.8 ± 32.5 g DM ha−1 year−1. We conclude that the ecological role of tank bromeliads in neotropical rainforests may be as important as that of other freshwater ecosystems. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. |
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Université de Guyane, UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 29 January 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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790 |
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Anouhe, J.-B.S.; Niamké, F.B.; Faustin, M.; Virieux, D.; Pirat, J.-L.; Adima, A.A.; Kati-Coulibaly, S.; Amusant, N. |
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The role of extractives in the natural durability of the heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh: new insights in antioxydant and antifungal properties |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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75 |
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1 |
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Alkaloid; Antifungal; Antioxidant; Dicorynia guianensis; Heartwood; Natural durability; Phenols |
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Key message: The natural durability of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh’s Heartwood is conferred by the high content of antioxidant phenolic compounds, especially tannins and flavonoids combined with the presence of fungistatic alkaloids. The content of phenolic compounds increases according to the natural durability classes, from durable wood (class 2) to moderately durable wood (class 3) and correlated to the antioxidant capacity.
Context: The heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh is resistant to white rot fungi decay, but the mechanism of this natural durability is not fully elucidated.
Aims: Biochemical studies were carried out in order to better understand the role of extractives in natural durability of D. guianensis.
Methods: The powders from durable and moderately durable heartwood were extracted with methanol, ethanol, and hot water. The quantity of total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity, evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were determined using colorimetric methods. Antifungal activity was assessed by using two white rot fungi. The bioactive fractions and compounds were obtained using bio-guided fractionation, HPLC isolation, MS and RMN spectroscopic analyses.
Results: Durable woods contain higher amounts of heartwood extract and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the content of phenolics. The purification of the most antioxidant fraction FII affords the characterization of (+)-catechin (−)-epicatechin, neoastilbin, astilbin, and isoastilbin. Alkaloid fraction FIII exhibits dose-dependent fungistatic activity against Pycnoporus sanguineus Linnaeus and Trametes versicolor Quelet.
Conclusion: Phenolic antioxidants and fungistatic alkaloids positively impact the natural durability of D. guianensis. |
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AM2N, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, ENSCM 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 19 February 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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791 |
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Aguilos, M.; Hérault, B.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Bonal, D. |
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What drives long-term variations in carbon flux and balance in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana? |
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2018 |
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Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
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253–254 |
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114-123 |
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Tropical rainforest; Nee; Gpp; Ecosystem respiration; Radiation; Drought |
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A thorough understanding of how tropical forests respond to climate is important to improve ecosystem process models and to reduce uncertainties in current and future global carbon balance calculations. The Amazon rainforest, a major contributor to the global carbon cycle, is subject to strong intra- and interannual variations in climate conditions. Understanding their effect on carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere and on the resulting carbon balance is still incomplete. We examined the long-term (over a 12-year period; 2004–2015) variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana and identified key climatic drivers influencing the changes. The study period was characterized by strong differences in climatic conditions among years, particularly differences in the intensity of the dry and wet seasons, as well as differences in annual carbon fluxes and balance. Annual average GPP varied from 3384.9?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [3320.7, 3445.9]) to 4061.2?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [3980.1, 4145.0]). RE varied even more than GPP, with a difference of 933.1?C?m-2?yr?1 between the minimum (3020.6?g?C?m-2?yr?1; 95% CI [2889.4, 3051.3]) and maximum (3953.7?g?C?m-2?yr?1; 95% CI [3887.6, 4019.6]) values. Although NEE showed large interannual variability (nine-fold), from ?65.6?g?C?m-2?yr?1 (95% CI [?4.4, ?126.0]) to ?590.5?g?C?m-2 yr?1 (95% CI [?532.3, ?651.6]), the forest remained a carbon sink over the 12-year period. A combination of global radiation (Rg), relative extractable water (REW) and soil temperature (Ts) explained 51% of the daily variations for GPP, 30% for RE and 39% for NEE. Global radiation was always the best predictor of these variations, but soil water content and temperature did also influence carbon fluxes and balance. Seasonally, Rg was the major controlling factor for GPP, RE and NEE during the wet season. During the dry season, variations in carbon fluxes and balance were poorly explained by climate factors. Yet, REW was the key driver of variations in NEE during the dry season. This study highlights that, over the long-term, carbon fluxes and balance in such tropical rainforest ecosystems are largely controlled by both radiation and water limitation. Even though variations in Rg have a greater impact on these fluxes, water limitation during seasonal droughts is enough to reduce ecosystem productivity, respiration and carbon uptake. The reduced precipitation expected in tropical rainforest areas under future climatic conditions will therefore strongly influence carbon fluxes and carbon uptake. This study also highlights the importance for land surface or dynamic global vegetation models to consider the main drivers of carbon fluxes and balance separately for dry and wet seasons. |
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0168-1923 |
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792 |
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Dejean, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Azémar, F.; Pélozuelo, L.; Talaga, S.; Leponce, M.; Compin, A. |
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Aquatic life in Neotropical rainforest canopies: Techniques using artificial phytotelmata to study the invertebrate communities inhabiting therein |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
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Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
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341 |
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1 |
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20-27 |
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Artificial phytotelmata; Epiphytes; French Guiana; Invertebrate diversity; Neotropical rainforests |
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In Neotropical rainforest canopies, phytotelmata (“plant-held waters”) shelter diverse aquatic macroinvertebrate communities, including vectors of animal diseases. Studying these communities is difficult because phytotelmata are widely dispersed, hard to find from the ground and often inaccessible. We propose here a method for placing in tree crowns “artificial phytotelmata” whose size and shape can be tailored to different research targets. The efficacy of this method was shown while comparing the patterns of community diversity of three forest formations. We noted a difference between a riparian forest and a rainforest, whereas trees alongside a dirt road cutting through that rainforest corresponded to a subset of the latter. Because rarefied species richness was significantly lower when the phytotelmata were left for three weeks rather than for six or nine weeks, we recommend leaving the phytotelmata for twelve weeks to permit predators and phoretic species to fully establish themselves. |
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Export Date: 28 February 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Dejean_etal2018 |
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795 |
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Fontaine, S.; Stahl, C.; Klumpp, K.; Picon-Cochard, C.; Grise, M.M.; Dezécache, C.; Ponchant, L.; Freycon, V.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Soussana, J.-F.; Blanfort, V.; Alvarez, G. |
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Response to Editor to the comment by Schipper and Smith to our paper entitled 'Continuous soil carbon storage of old permanent pastures in Amazonia' |
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2018 |
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Global Change Biology |
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Global Change Biology |
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24 |
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3 |
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e732-e733 |
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chronosequence study; continuous C accumulation; deep soil C; eddy covariance; grassland |
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Export Date: 28 February 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Fontaine_etal2018 |
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796 |
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Lebrini, M.; Suedile, F.;Roos, C. |
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Corrosion inhibitory action of ethanol extract from Bagassa guianensis on the corrosion of zinc in ASTM medium |
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2018 |
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Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences |
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Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences |
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9 |
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2 |
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414-423 |
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Ethanol extract of Bagassa guianensis was tested as corrosion inhibitor for zinc in ASTM medium using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained show that this plant extract could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of zinc in sodium chloride media. The extract obtained give inhibition around 85%. Polarization curves show that Bagassa guianensis extract affects the anodic and cathodic reactions and the corrosion potential values were shifted to the positive potentials in the presence of the crude extract in the ASTM medium. The experimental data obtained from EIS method show a frequency distribution and therefore a modelling element with frequency dispersion behavior, a constant phase element (CPE alpha,Q ) has been used. Graphical methods are illustrated by synthetic data to determine the parameter of CPE (alpha, Q). Studies on the phytochemical constituents of thetotal extract were also established. Electrochemical studies, on the chemical families present in the crude extract, were also carried out to find the main constituents responsible for corrosion inhibition properties of the plant extract. |
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797 |
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Guitet, S.; Sabatier, D.; Brunaux, O.; Couteron, P.; Denis, T.; Freycon, V.; Gonzalez, S.; Hérault, B.; Jaouen, G.; Molino, J.-F.; Pélissier, R.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Vincent, G. |
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Disturbance Regimes Drive the Diversity of Regional Floristic Pools Across Guianan Rainforest Landscapes |
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2018 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci. Rep. |
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8 |
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3872 |
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Disturbances control rainforest dynamics, and, according to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), disturbance regime is a key driver of local diversity. Variations in disturbance regimes and their consequences on regional diversity at broad spatiotemporal scales are still poorly understood. Using multidisciplinary large-scale inventories and LiDAR acquisitions, we developed a robust indicator of disturbance regimes based on the frequency of a few early successional and widely distributed pioneer species. We demonstrate at the landscape scale that tree-species diversity and disturbance regimes vary with climate and relief. Significant relationships between the disturbance indicator, tree-species diversity and soil phosphorus content agree with the hypothesis that rainforest diversity is controlled both by disturbance regimes and long-term ecosystem stability. These effects explain the broad-scale patterns of floristic diversity observed between landscapes. In fact, species-rich forests in highlands, which have benefited from long-term stability combined with a moderate and regular regime of local disturbances, contrast with less diversified forests on recently shaped lowlands, which have undergone more recent changes and irregular dynamics. These results suggest that taking the current disturbance regime into account and including geomorphological stratifications in climate-vegetation models may be an effective way to improve the prediction of changes in species diversity under climate change. © 2018 The Author(s). |
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AgroParisTech, EcoFoG, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 21 March 2018 |
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798 |
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Morel, H.; Lehnebach, R.; Cigna, J.; Ruelle, J.; Nicolini, É.; Beauchene, J. |
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Basic wood density variations of Parkia velutina Benoist, a long-lived heliophilic Neotropical rainforest tree |
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2018 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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335 |
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59-69 |
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Curvilinear pattern; French Guiana; Intra-tree; Tropical species |
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Investigations of basic radial wood density (WD) in tropical trees revealed linear patterns and some curvilinear patterns. Studies usually disregard longitudinal variations, which are often considered to be similar to radial variations. This study aimed to show (1) a new radial curvilinear WD pattern, (2) differences in amplitude between radial and longitudinal gradients and (3) to partition WD variations according to different scales in Parkia velutina, an emergent tree found in Neotropical rain forests. We collected full discs from six felled trees and radial cores from 10 standing trees to check WD variability, plus one dominant axis per tree for analysis of height growth rates. This species showed very high growth rates indicative of heliophilic habits. WD varied from 0.194 to 0.642 g/cm3. Such amplitude is rarely observed within the same tree. Radial variation in WD was curvilinear, with an amplitude generally less than the longitudinal amplitude. Consequently, in mature trees, WD values in the crown were higher than those in the outer trunk. WD variations can be highly significant at different scales. The variance partitioning also revealed that the whole WD range of Parkia velutina is more accurately estimated intra-individually when both longitudinal and radial gradient are covered. |
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INRA, LERFoB, AgroParisTech, Nancy, France |
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Export Date: 20 April 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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799 |
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Pétillon, J.; Leroy, B.; Djoudi, E.A.; Vedel, V. |
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Small and large spatial scale coexistence of ctenid spiders in a neotropical forest (French Guiana) |
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2018 |
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Tropical Zoology |
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31 |
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2 |
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85-98 |
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Araneae; flooding; Guianese shield; inselberg; juveniles |
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While spiders constitute the most abundant and diverse arthropods in many habitats, they remained under-studied, especially in tropical rainforests. The goal of this study is to assess the spatial distribution of the spider family Ctenidae by assessing associations of species diversity and population traits among different habitat conditions. Fieldwork was carried out during 2013 in habitats varying in flooding frequency (plateau vs. flooded forest) and elevation (inselberg vs. lowland) in the Nouragues National Natural Reserve, French Guiana. Assemblage composition, population structure, and trait measurements of one dominant species were assessed using hand collection in replicated quadrats. We found strong effects on ctenid assemblages attributable to both elevation and flooding, with changes in relative abundance of species among habitats, but few correlated densities between species. At the population level, main differences in species distribution between and within habitats were detected only when juveniles were taken into account. No effect of elevation was found on the measurements of traits of the dominant species, but legs were proportionally shorter in flooded habitats, suggesting reduced active dispersal in these habitats. Our study highlights the value of complementary of measures of diversity and traits at different biological scales in Ctenidae. |
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UMR CNRS 8175 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Université Antilles-Guyane, Kourou Cedex, Guyane Française, France |
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Export Date: 23 April 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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800 |
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Lehnebach, R.; Beyer, R.; Letort, V.; Heuret, P. |
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The pipe model theory half a century on: a review |
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2018 |
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Annals of Botany |
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121 |
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5 |
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773-795 |
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BackgroundMore than a half century ago, Shinozaki et al. (Shinozaki K, Yoda K, Hozumi K, Kira T. 1964a. A quantitative analysis of plant form – the pipe model theory. I. Basic analyses. Japanese Journal of Ecology B: 97–105) proposed an elegant conceptual framework, the pipe model theory (PMT), to interpret the observed linear relationship between the amount of stem tissue and corresponding supported leaves. The PMT brought a satisfactory answer to two vividly debated problems that were unresolved at the moment of its publication: (1) What determines tree form and which rules drive biomass allocation to the foliar versus stem compartments in plants? (2) How can foliar area or mass in an individual plant, in a stand or at even larger scales be estimated? Since its initial formulation, the PMT has been reinterpreted and used in applications, and has undoubtedly become an important milestone in the mathematical interpretation of plant form and functioning.ScopeThis article aims to review the PMT by going back to its initial formulation, stating its explicit and implicit properties and discussing them in the light of current biological knowledge and experimental evidence in order to identify the validity and range of applicability of the theory. We also discuss the use of the theory in tree biomechanics and hydraulics as well as in functional–structural plant modelling.ConclusionsScrutinizing the PMT in the light of modern biological knowledge revealed that most of its properties are not valid as a general rule. The hydraulic framework derived from the PMT has attracted much more attention than its mechanical counterpart and implies that only the conductive portion of a stem cross-section should be proportional to the supported foliage amount rather than the whole of it. The facts that this conductive portion is experimentally difficult to measure and varies with environmental conditions and tree ontogeny might cause the commonly reported non-linear relationships between foliage and stem metrics. Nevertheless, the PMT can still be considered as a portfolio of properties providing a unified framework to integrate and analyse functional–structural relationships. |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-7364 |
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Notes |
10.1093/aob/mcx194 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
801 |
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