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Basset, Y.; Cizek, L.; Cuénoud, P.; Didham, R.K.; Novotny, V.; Ødegaard, F.; Roslin, T.; Tishechkin, A.K.; Schmidl, J.; Winchester, N.N.; Roubik, D.W.; Aberlenc, H.-P.; Bail, J.; Barrios, H.; Bridle, J.R.; Castaño-Meneses, G.; Corbara, B.; Curletti, G.; Duarte da Rocha, W.; De Bakker, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A.; Fagan, L.L.; Floren, A.; Kitching, R.L.; Medianero, E.; Gama de Oliveira, E.; Orivel, J.; Pollet, M.; Rapp, M.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Roisin, Y.; Schmidt, J.B.; Sørensen, L.; Lewinsohn, T.M.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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10 |
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12 |
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e0144110 |
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Quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of arthropods in tropical rainforests represents a first step towards scrutinizing the global distribution of biodiversity on Earth. To date most studies have focused on narrow taxonomic groups or lack a design that allows partitioning of the components of diversity. Here, we consider an exceptionally large dataset (113,952 individuals representing 5,858 species), obtained from the San Lorenzo forest in Panama, where the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa was surveyed using 14 protocols targeting the soil, litter, understory, lower and upper canopy habitats, replicated across seasons in 2003 and 2004. This dataset is used to explore the relative influence of horizontal, vertical and seasonal drivers of arthropod distribution in this forest. We considered arthropod abundance, observed and estimated species richness, additive decomposition of species richness, multiplicative partitioning of species diversity, variation in species composition, species turnover and guild structure as components of diversity. At the scale of our study (2km of distance, 40m in height and 400 days), the effects related to the vertical and seasonal dimensions were most important. Most adult arthropods were collected from the soil/litter or the upper canopy and species richness was highest in the canopy. We compared the distribution of arthropods and trees within our study system. Effects related to the seasonal dimension were stronger for arthropods than for trees. We conclude that: (1) models of beta diversity developed for tropical trees are unlikely to be applicable to tropical arthropods; (2) it is imperative that estimates of global biodiversity derived from mass collecting of arthropods in tropical rainforests embrace the strong vertical and seasonal partitioning observed here; and (3) given the high species turnover observed between seasons, global climate change may have severe consequences for rainforest arthropods. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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644 |
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Allié, E.; Pélissier, R.; Engel, J.; Petronelli, P.; Freycon, V.; Deblauwe, V.; Soucémarianadin, L.; Weigel, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Pervasive local-scale tree-soil habitat association in a tropical forest community |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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10 |
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11 |
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e0141488 |
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We examined tree-soil habitat associations in lowland forest communities at Paracou, French Guiana.We analyzed a large dataset assembling six permanent plots totaling 37.5 ha, in which extensive LIDAR-derived topographical data and soil chemical and physical data have been integrated with precise botanical determinations. Map of relative elevation from the nearest stream summarized both soil fertility and hydromorphic characteristics, with seasonally inundated bottomlands having higher soil phosphate content and base saturation, and plateaus having higher soil carbon, nitrogen and aluminum contents. We employed a statistical test of correlations between tree species density and environmental maps, by generating Monte Carlo simulations of random raster images that preserve autocorrelation of the original maps. Nearly three fourths of the 94 taxa with at least one stem per ha showed a significant correlation between tree density and relative elevation, revealing contrasted species-habitat associations in term of abundance, with seasonally inundated bottomlands (24.5% of species) and well-drained plateaus (48.9% of species). We also observed species preferences for environments with or without steep slopes (13.8% and 10.6%, respectively). We observed that closely-related species were frequently associated with different soil habitats in this region (70% of the 14 genera with congeneric species that have a significant association test) suggesting species-habitat associations have arisen multiple times in this tree community. We also tested if species with similar habitat preferences shared functional strategies. We found that seasonally inundated forest specialists tended to have smaller stature (maximum diameter) than species found on plateaus. Our results underline the importance of tree-soil habitat associations in structuring diverse communities at fine spatial scales and suggest that additional studies are needed to disentangle community assembly mechanisms related to dispersal limitation, biotic interactions and environmental filtering from species-habitat associations. Moreover, they provide a framework to generalize across tropical forest sites. © 2015 Allié et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Export Date: 7 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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645 |
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Cottet, K.; Fromentin, Y.; Kritsanida, M.; Grougnet, R.; Odonne, G.; Duplais, C.; Michel, S.; Lallemand, M.-C. |
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Isolation of Guttiferones from Renewable Parts of Symphonia globulifera by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Planta Medica |
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Planta Medica |
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81 |
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17 |
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1604-1608 |
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centrifugal partition chromatography; Clusiaceae; countercurrent chromatography guttiferones; PPAPs; Symphonia globulifera |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the species Symphonia globulifera, a source of polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferone A, which is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities including noticeable antileishmanial properties. Our goal was the identification and the quantification of guttiferone A in different renewable parts of S. globulifera and its preparative isolation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data concerning its mechanism of action. Consequently, it is particularly interesting to isolate it in gram quantities in order to establish structure activity relationship studies. After performing high-performance liquid chromatography profiles detecting the presence of guttiferone A and proceeding to its quantification, a centrifugal partition chromatography methodology using a two-phase solvent system of cyclohexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (20 : 1 : 20 : 1, v/v/v/v) was applied to each extract. In conclusion, a centrifugal partition chromatography system has been developed to ensure a fast, reliable, and scalable way to isolate, with a high level of purity, guttiferone A from five renewable parts of S. globulifera. Moreover, this methodology can be extended to the isolation of other polycyclic polyprenylated acyl phloroglucinols such as guttiferones B, C, and D. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart. |
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Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles Amazoniennes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (Ecologie des forêts de Guyane), Cayenne, France |
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Export Date: 7 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Biwolé, A.B.; Dainou, K.; Fayolle, A.; Hardy, O.J.; Brostaux, Y.; Coste, S.; Delion, S.; Betti, J.L.; Doucet, J.-L. |
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Light Response of Seedlings of a Central African Timber Tree Species, Lophira alata (Ochnaceae), and the Definition of Light Requirements |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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47 |
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6 |
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681-688 |
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biomass allocation; Central Africa; light requirement: Lophira alata; population; relative growth rate; seedling growth; timber species; Afrique centrale; allocation de biomasse; besoins en lumière; croissance des semis; bois d'œuvre; Lophira alata; population; taux de croissance relatif |
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Light is of primary importance in structuring tropical tree communities. Light exposure at seedling and adult stages has been used to characterize the ecological profile of tropical trees, with many implications in forest management and restoration ecology. Most shade-tolerance classification systems have been proposed based on empirical observations in a specific area and thus result in contradictions among categories assigned to a given species. In this study, we aimed to quantify the light requirements for seedling growth of a Central African timber tree, Lophira alata (Ochnaceae), taking into account effects of population origin. In two controlled experiments: a light response experiment and a comparative population experiment, conducted in southwestern Cameroon, using seeds collected from four populations (three from Cameroon and one from Gabon), we examined the quantitative responses to irradiance of seedlings. After 2 years, mortality was very low (<3%), even in extremely low irradiance. Growth and biomass allocation patterns varied in response to light, with intermediate irradiance (24–43%) providing optimal conditions. Light response differed between populations. The Boumba population in the northeastern edge of the species' distribution exhibited the highest light requirements, suggesting a local adaptation. As a result of positive growth at low irradiance and maximum growth at intermediate irradiance, we concluded that L. alata exhibits characteristics of both non-pioneer and pioneer species. Implications of our results to propose an objective way to assign the light requirement for tropical tree species are discussed. |
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1744-7429 |
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648 |
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Houel, E.; Fleury, M.; Odonne, G.; Nardella, F.; Bourdy, G.; Vonthron-Sénécheau, C.; Villa, P.; Obrecht, A.; Eparvier, V.; Deharo, E.; Stien, D. |
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Antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory effects of an antimalarial remedy from the Wayana Amerindians, French Guiana: Takamalaimë (Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC., Myrtaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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166 |
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279-285 |
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Psidium acutangulum; Plasmodium; Cytokines; Antimalarial; French Guiana; Traditional medicine |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Field investigations highlighted the use of Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC (syn. P. persoonii McVaugh), a small tree used by the Wayana Amerindians in Twenke–Taluhwen and Antecume–Pata, French Guiana, for the treatment of malaria, and administered either orally in the form of a decoction or applied externally over the whole body. This use appears limited to the Wayana cultural group in French Guiana and has never been reported anywhere else. Our goal was to evaluate the antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities of a P. acutangulum decoction to explain the good reputation of this remedy.
Materials and methods:
Interviews with the Wayana inhabitants of Twenke–Taluhwen and Antecume–Pata were conducted within the TRAMAZ project according to the TRAMIL methodology, which is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of medicinal plant uses. A decoction of dried aerial parts of P. acutangulum was prepared in consistency with the Wayana recipe. In vitro antiplasmodial assays were performed on chloroquine-resistant FcB1 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) and 7G8 (pLDH bioassay) P. falciparum strains and on chloroquine sensitive NF54 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) P. falciparum strain. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) was evaluated on LPS-stimulated human PBMC and NO secretion inhibition was measured on LPS stimulated RAW murine macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the decoction was measured on L6 mammalian cells, PBMCs, and RAW cells. A preliminary evaluation of the in vivo antimalarial activity of the decoction, administered orally twice daily, was assessed by the classical four-day suppressive test against P. berghei NK65 in mice.
Results:
The decoction displayed a good antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the three tested strains, regardless to the bioassay used, with IC50 values of 3.3 µg/mL and 10.3 µg/mL against P. falciparum FcB1 and NF54, respectively and 19.0 µg/mL against P. falciparum 7G8. It also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in a dose dependent manner. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, the decoction inhibited the secretion of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNFα (−18%), IL-1β (−58%), IL-6 (−32%), IL-8 (−21%). It also exhibited a mild NO secretion inhibition (−13%) at the same concentration. The decoction was non-cytotoxic against L6 cells (IC50>100 µg/mL), RAW cells and PBMC. In vivo, 150 µL of the decoction given orally twice a day (equivalent to 350 mg/kg/day of dried extract) inhibited 39.7% average parasite growth, with more than 50% of inhibition in three mice over five. The absence of response for the two remaining mice, however, induced a strong standard deviation.
Conclusions:
This study highlighted the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the decoction of P. acutangulum aerial parts, used by Wayana Amerindians from the Upper-Maroni in French Guiana in case of malaria. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which may help to explain its use against this disease, was demonstrated using models of artificially stimulated cells. |
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0378-8741 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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649 |
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Bertelsmeier, C.; Avril, A.; Blight, O.; Confais, A.; Diez, L.; Jourdan, H.; Orivel, J.; Saint Germès, N.; Courchamp, F. |
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Different behavioural strategies among seven highly invasive ant species |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biological Invasions |
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17 |
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8 |
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2491-2503 |
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Ants figure prominently among the worst invasive species because of their enormous ecological and economic impacts. However, it remains to be investigated which species would be behaviourally dominant when confronted with another invasive ant species, should two species be introduced in the same area. In the future, many regions might have suitable environmental conditions for several invasive ant species, as predicted under climate change scenarios. Here, we explored interactions among several highly invasive ant species, which have been shown to have overlapping suitable areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance in interference competition of seven of the world’s worst invasive ant species (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Myrmica rubra, Linepithema humile, Lasius neglectus, Wasmannia auropunctata and Pheidole megacephala). We conducted pairwise confrontations, testing the behaviour of each species against each of the six other species (in total 21 dyadic confrontations). We used single worker confrontations and group interactions of 10 versus 10 individuals to establish a dominance hierarchy among these invasive ant species. We discovered two different behavioural strategies among these invasive ants: three species displayed evasive or indifferent behaviour when individuals or groups were confronted (A. gracilipes, Pa. longicornis, M. rubra), while the four remaining species were highly aggressive during encounters and formed a linear dominance hierarchy. These findings contrast with the widespread view that invasive ants form a homogeneous group of species displaying the ‘invasive syndrome’, which includes generally aggressive behaviour. The dominance hierarchy among the four aggressive species may be used to predict the outcome of future competitive interactions under some circumstances. Yet, the existence of several behavioural strategies renders such a prediction less straightforward. |
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1573-1464 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Bertelsmeier2015 |
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650 |
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Robillard, T.; ter Hofstede, H.M.; Orivel, J.; Vicente, N.M. |
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Bioacoustics of the Neotropical Eneopterinae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae) |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Bioacoustics |
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Bioacoustics |
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24 |
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2 |
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123-143 |
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In members of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), songs with powerful high-frequency (HF) harmonics have evolved, which likely represents a distinctive acoustic adaptation. In this study, we analysed or reanalysed the songs of the three eneopterine genera present in the Neotropics to evaluate whether they also possess high-amplitude HF components. We present new data and combine several lines of evidence to interpret or reinterpret the calling signals of a representative species for each genus. We used new recordings in order to detect and analyse potential HF components of the songs. Stridulatory files were measured, and stridulation was studied using high-speed video recordings. The results suggest that all eneopterine genera from the Neotropics use HFs to communicate, based on the rich harmonic content of their songs. Strikingly, the Neotropical eneopterines possess high dominant frequencies, recalling the patterns observed in the tribe Lebinthini, the most speciose tribe of the subfamily distributed in the Western Pacific region and in Southeast Asia: Ligypterus and Ponca show dominant harmonic peaks, whereas Eneoptera possesses unique features. The three species under study, however, deal differently with HFs. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0952-4622 |
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doi: 10.1080/09524622.2014.996915 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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651 |
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Verheyen, K.; Vanhellemont, M.; Auge, H.; Baeten, L.; Baraloto, C.; Barsoum, N.; Bilodeau-Gauthier, S.; Bruelheide, H.; Castagneyrol, B.; Godbold, D.; Haase, J.; Hector, A.; Jactel, H.; Koricheva, J.; Loreau, M.; Mereu, S.; Messier, C.; Muys, B.; Nolet, P.; Paquette, A.; Parker, J.; Perring, M.; Ponette, Q.; Potvin, C.; Reich, P.; Smith, A.; Weih, M.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M. |
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Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Ambio |
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Ambio |
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45 |
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1 |
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29-41 |
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Biodiversity experiments; Ecological restoration; Functional biodiversity research; Plantation forest; Sustainable forest management |
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The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1–15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network. © 2015, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. |
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Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7043, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Export Date: 29 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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652 |
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Kunstler, G.; Falster, D.; Coomes, D.A.; Hui, F.; Kooyman, R.M.; Laughlin, D.C.; Poorter, L.; Vanderwel, M.; Vieilledent, G.; Wright, S.J.; Aiba, M.; Baraloto, C.; Caspersen, J.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Hanewinkel, M.; Herault, B.; Kattge, J.; Kurokawa, H.; Onoda, Y.; Peñuelas, J.; Poorter, H.; Uriarte, M.; Richardson, S.; Ruiz-Benito, P.; Sun, I.-F.; Ståhl, G.; Swenson, N.G.; Thompson, J.; Westerlund, B.; Wirth, C.; Zavala, M.A.; Zeng, H.; Zimmerman, J.K.; Zimmermann, N.E.; Westoby, M. |
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Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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529 |
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7585 |
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204-207 |
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Phenotypic traits and their associated trade-offs have been shown to have globally consistent effects on individual plant physiological functions, but how these effects scale up to influence competition, a key driver of community assembly in terrestrial vegetation, has remained unclear. Here we use growth data from more than 3 million trees in over 140,000 plots across the world to show how three key functional traits – wood density, specific leaf area and maximum height – consistently influence competitive interactions. Fast maximum growth of a species was correlated negatively with its wood density in all biomes, and positively with its specific leaf area in most biomes. Low wood density was also correlated with a low ability to tolerate competition and a low competitive effect on neighbours, while high specific leaf area was correlated with a low competitive effect. Thus, traits generate trade-offs between performance with competition versus performance without competition, a fundamental ingredient in the classical hypothesis that the coexistence of plant species is enabled via differentiation in their successional strategies. Competition within species was stronger than between species, but an increase in trait dissimilarity between species had little influence in weakening competition. No benefit of dissimilarity was detected for specific leaf area or wood density, and only a weak benefit for maximum height. Our trait-based approach to modelling competition makes generalization possible across the forest ecosystems of the world and their highly diverse species composition. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. |
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Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 29 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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653 |
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Díaz, S.; Kattge, J.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Wright, I.J.; Lavorel, S.; Dray, S.; Reu, B.; Kleyer, M.; Wirth, C.; Colin Prentice, I.; Garnier, E.; Bönisch, G.; Westoby, M.; Poorter, H.; Reich, P.B.; Moles, A.T.; Dickie, J.; Gillison, A.N.; Zanne, A.E.; Chave, J.; Joseph Wright, S.; Sheremet’ev, S.N.; Jactel, H.; Baraloto, C.; Cerabolini, B.; Pierce, S.; Shipley, B.; Kirkup, D.; Casanoves, F.; Joswig, J.S.; Günther, A.; Falczuk, V.; Rüger, N.; Mahecha, M.D.; Gorné, L.D. |
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The global spectrum of plant form and function |
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2016 |
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Nature |
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529 |
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7585 |
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167-171 |
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Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinations have proved evolutionarily viable in today’s terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traits critical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we found that occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Three-quarters of trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One major dimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economics spectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides a backdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improving models that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function. |
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Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
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0028-0836 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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654 |
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