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Author Perz, S.G.; Qiu, Y.; Xia, Y.; Southworth, J.; Sun, J.; Marsik, M.; Rocha, K.; Passos, V.; Rojas, D.; Alarcón, G.; Barnes, G.; Baraloto, C.
Title Trans-boundary infrastructure and land cover change: Highway paving and community-level deforestation in a tri-national frontier in the Amazon Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Land Use Policy Abbreviated Journal
Volume 34 Issue Pages 27-41
Keywords Amazon; Brazil, Peru; Globalization; Infrastructure; Land
Abstract Economic globalization manifests in landscapes through regional integration initiatives involving trans-boundary infrastructure. While the relationships of roads, accessibility and land cover are well-understood, they have rarely been considered across borders in national frontier regions. We therefore pursue an analysis of infrastructure connectivity and land cover change in the tri-national frontier of the southwestern Amazon where Bolivia, Brazil and Peru meet, and where the Inter-Oceanic Highway has recently been paved. We integrate satellite, survey, climate and other data for a sample of rural communities that differ in terms of highway paving across the tri-national frontier. We employ a suite of explanatory variables tied to road paving and other factors that vary both across and within the three sides of the frontier in order to model their importance for deforestation. A multivariate analysis of non-forest land cover during 2005-2010 confirms the importance of paving status and travel times, as well as land tenure and other factors. These findings indicate that integration affects land cover, but does not eliminate the effects of other factors that vary across the frontier, which bears implications for the study of globalization, trans-boundary infrastructure, environmental governance and land cover change. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Address Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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Notes Export Date: 14 March 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 475
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Author Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Goret, J.-Y.; Bompy, F.; Bonal, D.
Title Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Biotropica Abbreviated Journal
Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 155-164
Keywords French Guiana; Photosynthesis; Predawn leaf water potential; Rain forest; Relative extractable water; Respiration; Soil drought; Transpiration
Abstract Seasonal variations in environmental conditions influence the functioning of the whole ecosystem of tropical rain forests, but as yet little is known about how such variations directly influence the leaf gas exchange and transpiration of individual canopy tree species. We examined the influence of seasonal variations in relative extractable water in the upper soil layers on predawn leaf water potential, saturated net photosynthesis, leaf dark respiration, stomatal conductance, and tree transpiration of 13 tropical rain forest canopy trees (eight species) over 2 yr in French Guiana. The canopies were accessed by climbing ropes attached to the trees and to a tower. Our results indicate that a small proportion of the studied trees were unaffected by soil water depletion during seasonal dry periods, probably thanks to efficient deep root systems. The trees showing decreased tree water status (i.e., predawn leaf water potential) displayed a wide range of leaf gas exchange responses. Some trees strongly regulated photosynthesis and transpiration when relative extractable water decreased drastically. In contrast, other trees showed little variation, thus indicating good adaptation to soil drought conditions. These results have important applications to modeling approaches: indeed, precise evaluation and grouping of these response patterns are required before any tree-based functional models can efficiently describe the response of tropical rain forest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.
Address INRA, UMR 1137 Université de Lorraine, INRA Nancy 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux 54280, France
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Notes Export Date: 13 March 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 474
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Author Odonne, G.; Valadeau, C.; Alban-Castillo, J.; Stien, D.; Sauvain, M.; Bourdy, G.
Title Medical ethnobotany of the Chayahuita of the Paranapura basin (Peruvian Amazon) Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Journal of Ethnopharmacology Abbreviated Journal J. Ethnopharmacol.
Volume 146 Issue 1 Pages 127-153
Keywords Amazon; Chayahuita; Medicinal plant; Peru; Pharmacopeia; Traditional medicine
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Up until now, the plant pharmacopoeia of the Chayahuita, an ethnic group from the Peruvian Amazon, has been poorly defined. This paper details the uses of medicinal plants within this community, as recorded in two villages of the Paranapura basin, Soledad and Atahualpa de Conchiyacu. This study aimed to describe the basis of the Chayahuita traditional medical system, to document part of the medicinal plant corpus, and to compare it with data from other Amazonian ethnic groups. Material and methods: Methodology was based (i) on field prospection with 26 informants (ethnobotanical walks methodology), (ii) semi-structured interviews including 93 people (49 men and 44 women) focused on the most recent health problem experienced and on the therapeutic options chosen, (iii) individual or group thematic discussions relating to disease and treatments, (iv) 6-months of participants' observations between May 2007 and May 2008. At the end of the project in May 2008 a workshop was organized to cross-check the data with the help of 12 of the most interested informants. Results: Six hundred and seventeen voucher specimens were collected, corresponding to 303 different species, from which 274 (belonging to 83 families) are documented here. Altogether 492 recipes were recorded, corresponding to a global figure of 541 therapeutic uses and a total of 664 use reports. The main therapeutic uses are related to dermatological problems (103 uses; 19%), gastro-intestinal complaints (69 uses; 13%) and malaria/fevers (52 uses; 10%). Diseases are analysed according to Chayahuita concepts, and for each disease the species having a high frequency of citation are listed, and the most frequently used remedies are described. Whenever possible, comparisons with other Amazonian groups have been drawn. Conclusion: Chayahuita nosology and medical ethnobotany appear to draw their inspiration from a common panamazonian root. Despite the fact that a certain number of medicinal plants are shared with other nearby groups, there seem to be specific uses for some species, thus highlighting the originality of the Chayahuita pharmacopoeia. Presently there is a certain disinterest in the most traditional area of the Chayahuita medical ways, and the role of the penutu (shaman) seems to be less highly-valued than in the past. Nonetheless, the use of medicinal plants in phytotherapeutic treatment is very much a living, shared knowledge. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Address Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Notes Export Date: 6 March 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.014; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; CNRS Guyane, USR 3456, 2 av. Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France; email: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 473
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Author Audigeos, D.; Brousseau, L.; Traissac, S.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.
Title Molecular divergence in tropical tree populations occupying environmental mosaics Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Journal of Evolutionary Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 529-544
Keywords Candidate genes; Drought; Eperua falcata; Flooding; Neotropics; Outlier loci; Tree genetics
Abstract Unveiling the genetic basis of local adaptation to environmental variation is a major goal in molecular ecology. In rugged landscapes characterized by environmental mosaics, living populations and communities can experience steep ecological gradients over very short geographical distances. In lowland tropical forests, interspecific divergence in edaphic specialization (for seasonally flooded bottomlands and seasonally dry terra firme soils) has been proven by ecological studies on adaptive traits. Some species are nevertheless capable of covering the entire span of the gradient; intraspecific variation for adaptation to contrasting conditions may explain the distribution of such ecological generalists. We investigated whether local divergence happens at small spatial scales in two stands of Eperua falcata (Fabaceae), a widespread tree species of the Guiana Shield. We investigated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and sequence divergence as well as spatial genetic structure (SGS) at four genes putatively involved in stress response and three genes with unknown function. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among sub-populations within stands, and eight SNP loci showed patterns compatible with disruptive selection. SGS analysis showed genetic turnover along the gradients at three loci, and at least one haplotype was found to be in repulsion with one habitat. Taken together, these results suggest genetic differentiation at small spatial scale in spite of gene flow. We hypothesize that heterogeneous environments may cause molecular divergence, possibly associated to local adaptation in E. falcata. © 2012 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.
Address AgroParisTech-ENGREF, UMR 0745, EcoFoG ('Ecologie des forêts de Guyane'), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, France
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Notes Export Date: 28 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 472
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Author Brémaud, I.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B.
Title Changes in viscoelastic vibrational properties between compression and normal wood: Roles of microfibril angle and of lignin Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Holzforschung Abbreviated Journal
Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 75-85
Keywords Compression wood (CW); Damping coefficient; Ft-Ir; Internal friction; Lignin; Microfibril angle (MFA); Picea abies; Pinus pinaster; Pinus sylvestris; Specific dynamic modulus of elasticity; Viscoelastic vibrational properties
Abstract This study aims at better understanding the respective influences of specific gravity (γ ), microfibril angle (MFA), and cell wall matrix polymers on viscoelastic vibrational properties of wood in the axial direction. The wide variations of properties between normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) are in focus. Three young bent trees (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster ), which recovered verticality, were sampled. Several observed differences between NW and CW were highly significant in terms of anatomical, physical (γ, shrinkage, CIE Lab colorimetry), mechanical (compressive strength), and vibrational properties. The specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) decreases with increasing MFA, and Young's modulus (E′) can be satisfactorily explained by γ and MFA. Apparently, the type of the cell wall polymer matrix is not influential in this regard. The damping coefficient (tan δ) does not depend solely on the MFA of NW and CW. The tanδ-E′/γ relationship evidences that, at equivalent E′/γ, the tan δ of CW is approximately 34% lower than that of NW. This observation is ascribed to the more condensed nature of CW lignins, and this is discussed in the context of previous findings in other hygrothermal and time/frequency domains. It is proposed that the lignin structure and the amount and type of extractives, which are both different in various species, are partly responsible for taxonomy-related damping characteristics. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston.
Address Wood Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Notes Export Date: 25 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 471
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Author Molto, Q.; Rossi, V.; Blanc, L.
Title Error propagation in biomass estimation in tropical forests Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Methods in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 175-183
Keywords Bayesian framework; Modelling; Redd; Uncertainty propagation
Abstract Reliable above-ground biomass (AGB) estimates are required for studies of carbon fluxes and stocks. However, there is a huge lack of knowledge concerning the precision of AGB estimates and the sources of this uncertainty. At the tree level, the tree height is predicted using the tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and a height sub-model. The wood-specific gravity (WSG) is predicted with taxonomic information and a WSG sub-model. The tree mass is predicted using the predicted height, the predicted WSG and the biomass sub-model. Our models were inferred with Bayesian methods and the uncertainty propagated with a Monte Carlo scheme. The uncertainties in the predictions of tree height, tree WSG and tree mass were neglected sequentially to quantify their contributions to the uncertainty in AGB. The study was conducted in French Guiana where long-term research on forest ecosystems provided an outstanding data collection on tree height, tree dynamics, tree mass and species WSG. We found that the uncertainty in the AGB estimates was found to derive primarily from the biomass sub-model. The models used to predict the tree heights and WSG contributed negligible uncertainty to the final estimate. Considering our results, a poor knowledge of WSG and the height-diameter relationship does not increase the uncertainty in AGB estimates. However, it could lead to bias. Therefore, models and databases should be used with care. This study provides a methodological framework that can be broadly used by foresters and plant ecologist. It provides the accurate confidence intervals associated with forest AGB estimates made from inventory data. When estimating region-scale AGB values (through spatial interpolation, spatial modelling or satellite signal treatment), the uncertainty of the forest AGB value in the reference forest plots has to be taken in account. We believe that in the light of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation debate, our method is a crucial step in monitoring carbon stocks and their spatio-temporal evolution. © 2012 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2012 British Ecological Society.
Address CIRAD, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', Kourou Cedex, 97 379, France
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Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 470
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Author Aimene, Y.; Dorville, R.; Omrane, A.
Title Optimal control for trees trunk diameter estimation in rain forest ecology Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Applied Mathematical Sciences Abbreviated Journal
Volume 7 Issue 17-20 Pages 807-816
Keywords Missing data; Optimal control; Tree trunk diameter
Abstract We study the optimal control question for an important mechanical problem related to tree trunk diameter variation in tropical forest ecology where some data are missing. Within a cost function, the control problem is formulated with a mechanical model that requires boundary conditions tosolve all equations. We give a characterization of the optimal measurement function for the tree trunk problem.
Address Laboratoire CEREGMIA EA 2440, Université Antilles-Guyane, I.E.S.G Campus de Trou-Biran, Route de Baduel, 97337 Cayenne, French Guiana
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Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 469
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Author Hmimina, G.; Dufrêne, E.; Pontailler, J.-Y.; Delpierre, N.; Aubinet, M.; Caquet, B.; de Grandcourt, A.; Burban, B.; Flechard, C.; Granier, A.; Gross, P.; Heinesch, B.; Longdoz, B.; Moureaux, C.; Ourcival, J.-M.; Rambal, S.; Saint André, L.; Soudani, K.
Title Evaluation of the potential of MODIS satellite data to predict vegetation phenology in different biomes: An investigation using ground-based NDVI measurements Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Remote Sensing of Environment Abbreviated Journal
Volume 132 Issue Pages 145-158
Keywords Crops; Deciduous forests; Evergreen forests; Ground-based NDVI; Modis; Phenology
Abstract Vegetation phenology is the study of the timing of seasonal events that are considered to be the result of adaptive responses to climate variations on short and long time scales. In the field of remote sensing of vegetation phenology, phenological metrics are derived from time series of optical data. For that purpose, considerable effort has been specifically focused on developing noise reduction and cloud-contaminated data removal techniques to improve the quality of remotely-sensed time series. Comparative studies between time series composed of satellite data acquired under clear and cloudy conditions and from radiometric data obtained with high accuracy from ground-based measurements constitute a direct and effective way to assess the operational use and limitations of remote sensing for predicting the main plant phenological events. In the present paper, we sought to explicitly evaluate the potential use of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of different types of vegetation cover that are representative of the major terrestrial biomes, including temperate deciduous forests, evergreen forests, African savannah, and crops. After cloud screening and filtering, we compared the temporal patterns and phenological metrics derived from in situ NDVI time series and from MODIS daily and 16-composite products. We also evaluated the effects of residual noise and the influence of data gaps in MODIS NDVI time series on the identification of the most relevant metrics for vegetation phenology monitoring. The results show that the inflexion points of a model fitted to a MODIS NDVI time series allow accurate estimates of the onset of greenness in the spring and the onset of yellowing in the autumn in deciduous forests (RMSE ≤ one week). Phenological metrics identical to those provided with the MODIS Global Vegetation Phenology product (MDC12Q2) are less robust to data gaps, and they can be subject to large biases of approximately two weeks or more during the autumn phenological transitions. In the evergreen forests, in situ NDVI time series describe the phenology with high fidelity despite small temporal changes in the canopy foliage. However, MODIS is unable to provide consistent phenological patterns. In crops and savannah, MODIS NDVI time series reproduce the general temporal patterns of phenology, but significant discrepancies appear between MODIS and ground-based NDVI time series during very localized periods of time depending on the weather conditions and spatial heterogeneity within the MODIS pixel. In the rainforest, the temporal pattern exhibited by a MODIS 16-day composite NDVI time series is more likely due to a pattern of noise in the NDVI data structure according to both rainy and dry seasons rather than to phenological changes. More investigations are needed, but in all cases, this result leads us to conclude that MODIS time series in tropical rainforests should be interpreted with great caution. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
Address INRA, Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Champenoux, France
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Notes Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 467
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Author Fromin, N.; Saby, N.P.A.; Lensi, R.; Brunet, D.; Porte, B.; Domenach, A.-M.; Roggy, J.-C.
Title Spatial variability of soil microbial functioning in a tropical rainforest of French Guiana using nested sampling Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Geoderma Abbreviated Journal
Volume 197-198 Issue Pages 98-107
Keywords Denitrification; Respiration; Scale dependent process; Soil microbial processes; Soil organic matter; Tree influence potential
Abstract Understanding the pattern in spatial distribution of soil microbial processes is critical to understand the environmental factors that regulate them as well as to scale up these processes to ecosystem. Soil samples from a 1. ha tropical rainforest plot (Paracou, French Guiana) were analyzed according a nested sampling approach using different separation distances ranging from 0.4 to 40. m. The variability of substrate induced respiration (SIR) and of denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was characterized in relation to various soil properties (total C and N contents, NIRS related index of soil organic matter quality, SOMQ, and index of tree influence potential, IP). The variability of SIR and DEA was higher than that of environmental properties. The patterns of accumulated variance as a function of distance varied among the soil properties. The variability of SIR and DEA mainly occurred at small (1. m) scale (and at the 10-40. m-scales for SIR), probably reflecting the quality of litter input that results of the influence of local assemblage of different tree species, though changes in the soil N and C contents. Indeed, total soil C and N contents explained the microbial properties at every scale. Coefficients of codispersion showed that neither SOMQ nor IP did correlate with SIR and DEA, and confirmed that total C and N contents explained microbial properties in a scale dependent and complex manner. Such spatial dependency underlines the importance of soil heterogeneity in this tropical forest with implications for sampling strategies when studying the microbial processes and their response to disturbances. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Address UMR EcoFoG, BP 709, 97387 Kourou, GUF, France
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Notes Export Date: 13 February 2013; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 466
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Author Zhang, T.; Bai, S.L.; Zhang, Y.F.; Thibaut, B.
Title Viscoelastic properties of wood materials characterized by nanoindentation experiments Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Wood Science and Technology Abbreviated Journal Wood Sci. Technol.
Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 1003-1016
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Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial (down) 465
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