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| Author |
Marcon, E.; Scotti, I.; Herault, B.; Rossi, V.; Lang, G. |
| Title |
Generalization of the partitioning of Shannon diversity |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e90289 |
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| Abstract |
Traditional measures of diversity, namely the number of species as well as Simpson's and Shannon's indices, are particular cases of Tsallis entropy. Entropy decomposition, i.e. decomposing gamma entropy into alpha and beta components, has been previously derived in the literature. We propose a generalization of the additive decomposition of Shannon entropy applied to Tsallis entropy. We obtain a self-contained definition of beta entropy as the information gain brought by the knowledge of each community composition. We propose a correction of the estimation bias allowing to estimate alpha, beta and gamma entropy from the data and eventually convert them into true diversity. We advocate additive decomposition in complement of multiplicative partitioning to allow robust estimation of biodiversity. © 2014 Marcon et al. |
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INRA, UMR 518 Math. Info. Appli, Paris, France |
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Public Library of Science |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 18 April 2014; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e90289; Coden: Polnc; Language of Original Document: English |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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538 |
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Brousseau, L.; Tinaut, A.; Duret, C.; Lang, T.; Garnier-Gere, P.; Scotti, I. |
| Title |
High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and preliminary functional analysis in four Neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
BMC Genomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Genomics |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
238 |
Pages |
1-13 |
| Keywords |
454-Pyrosequencing; Polymorphism discovery; Tropical rainforest tree species |
| Abstract |
Background: The Amazonian rainforest is predicted to suffer from ongoing environmental changes. Despite the need to evaluate the impact of such changes on tree genetic diversity, we almost entirely lack genomic resources. Results: In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of four tropical tree species (Carapa guianensis, Eperua falcata, Symphonia globulifera and Virola michelii) with contrasting ecological features, belonging to four widespread botanical families (respectively Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Clusiaceae and Myristicaceae). We sequenced cDNA libraries from three organs (leaves, stems, and roots) using 454 pyrosequencing. We have developed an R and bioperl-based bioinformatic procedure for de novo assembly, gene functional annotation and marker discovery. Mismatch identification takes into account single-base quality values as well as the likelihood of false variants as a function of contig depth and number of sequenced chromosomes. Between 17103 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 23390 (for Eperua falcata) contigs were assembled. Organs varied in the numbers of unigenes they apparently express, with higher number in roots. Patterns of gene expression were similar across species, with metabolism of aromatic compounds standing out as an overrepresented gene function. Transcripts corresponding to several gene functions were found to be over- or underrepresented in each organ. We identified between 4434 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 9076 (for Virola surinamensis) well-supported mismatches. The resulting overall mismatch density was comprised between 0.89 (S. globulifera) and 1.05 (V. surinamensis) mismatches/100 bp in variation-containing contigs.Conclusion: The relative representation of gene functions in the four transcriptomes suggests that secondary metabolism may be particularly important in tropical trees. The differential representation of transcripts among tissues suggests differential gene expression, which opens the way to functional studies in these non-model, ecologically important species. We found substantial amounts of mismatches in the four species. These newly identified putative variants are a first step towards acquiring much needed genomic resources for tropical tree species. © 2014 Brousseau et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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BIOGECO, UMR 1202, University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France |
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BioMed Central Ltd. |
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14712164 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 18 April 2014; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: 238; Coden: Bgmee; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; INRA, UMR 0745 EcoFoG, Campus agronomique BP 709, F-97387 Cedex, France; email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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537 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Roux, O.; Orivel, J. |
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The antipredatory behaviours of neotropical ants towards army ant raids (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Myrmecological News |
Abbreviated Journal |
Myrmecological News |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
17-24 |
| Keywords |
Antipredatory behaviour; Army ants; Ecitoninae; Prey-ant species |
| Abstract |
Group hunting, nomadism, wingless queens and colony fission characterize army ants, allowing them to have become the main tropical arthropod predators, mostly of other social insects. We studied the reactions of different ant species to the New World army ants Eciton burchellii (WESTWOOD, 1842) and E. hamatum (FABRICIUS, 1782) (Ecitoninae). We compiled our results with those already known in a synthetic appendix. A wide range of ant species react to the ap-proach of army ant raids by evacuating their nests with several workers transporting brood. The Eciton plunder a large part of the brood but rarely kill workers or queens, so that the latter return to their nest and resume colony activity. One exception is Paratrechina longicornis (LATREILLE, 1802) colonies that quickly evacuate their nest, so that the entire col-ony can generally escape a raid. Another is Leptogenys mexicana (MAYR, 1870) that leave their nests in columns while some nestmates resist the attack; they therefore lose only a few larvae. We noted that colonies can avoid being raided if the army ants ignore them (Atta cephalotes (LINNAEUS, 1758)), or if the workers produce a repellent substance (Azteca associated with myrmecophytic Cecropia) or are repellent themselves (Pachycondyla villosa (FABRICIUS, 1804), Ec-tatomma spp.). In the other cases, a part of the brood is lost. When an Eciton raid approached the base of their host-tree trunk, Azteca andreae GUERRERO, DELABIE and DEJEAN, 2010 workers dropped a part of their brood on the ground. While numerous Eciton workers were gathering up this brood, the front of the column advanced, so that the Azteca andreae nests were not plundered. Pheidole megacephala (FABRICIUS, 1793) nests were partly plundered as the workers reacted aggressively, blocking the Eciton inside their nests during a long time. When the latter returned toward their bivouac, they were attacked and killed by their nestmates whether or not they had retrieved Pheidole brood. Consequently, the front of the column turned away from the Pheidole nest. |
| Address |
Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Evolution et Contrôle (UMR- IRD 224) Équipe BEES, IRD 01, BP 171 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso |
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19944136 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Groc, S.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Fernández, F.; Leponce, M.; Orivel, J.; Silvestre, R.; Vasconcelos, H.L.; Dejean, A. |
| Title |
Leaf-litter ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a pristine Guianese rain-forest: Stable functional structure versus high species turnover |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Myrmecological News |
Abbreviated Journal |
Myrmecological News |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
43-51 |
| Keywords |
Diversity gradient; Functional groups; Habitat heterogeneity; Litter-dwelling ant communities; Local scale; Pristine Amazonian rainforest; Taxonomic and functional structure |
| Abstract |
We compared the ant assemblages from four very heterogeneous habitats over a short-distance elevational gradient of vegetation (due to the presence of an inselberg) at the Nouragues Research Station, French Guiana. We focused on litter-dwelling ants, combining the use of pitfall traps and the Winkler method according to the Ants of the Leaf Litter Proto-col. This permitted us to note (1) a high leaf-litter ant diversity overall and a decreasing diversity gradient from the lowland rainforest to the top of the inselberg, and (2) differences in species density, composition and functional struc-ture. While the ant assemblages on the plateau and inselberg can be considered functionally similar and typical of an Amazonian rainforest, that of the transition forest, relatively homogenous, rather corresponded to an ant fauna typical of open areas. By contrast, the liana forest assemblage was unexpectedly richer and denser than the others, sheltering a litter-dwelling ant fauna dominated by numerous and abundant cryptic species. These taxonomical and functional dissi-milarities may reflect the influence of the environmental heterogeneity, which, through variable abiotic conditions, can contribute to maintaining a notably rich ant biodiversity in these Neotropical habitats. |
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Université de Toulouse, UPS (Ecolab), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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19944136 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Groc, S.; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; email: groc.sarah@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Ferdy, J.-B.; Leroy, C.; Roux, O.; Lauth, J.; Avilez, A.; Dejean, A.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
| Title |
Retaliation in Response to Castration Promotes a Low Level of Virulence in an Ant-Plant Mutualism |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Biol. |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22-28 |
| Keywords |
Allomerus decemarticulatus; Cheater; Evolutionary conflict; Hirtella physophora; Mutualism breakdown; Overexploitation |
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The diversion of a host's energy by a symbiont for its own benefit is a major source of instability in horizontally-transmitted mutualisms. This instability can be counter-balanced by the host's retaliation against exploiters. Such responses are crucial to the maintenance of the relationship. We focus on this issue in an obligate ant-plant mutualism in which the ants are known to partially castrate their host plant. We studied plant responses to various levels of castration in terms of (1) global vegetative investment and (2) investment in myrmecophytic traits. Castration led to a higher plant growth rate, signalling a novel case of gigantism induced by parasitic castration. On the other hand, completely castrated plants produced smaller nesting and food resources (i.e. leaf pouches and extra floral nectaries). Since the number of worker larvae is correlated to the volume of the leaf pouches, such a decrease in the investment in myrmecophytic traits demonstrates for the first time the existence of inducible retaliation mechanisms against too virulent castrating ants. Over time, this mechanism promotes an intermediate level of castration and enhances the stability of the mutualistic relationship by providing the ants with more living space while allowing the plant to reproduce. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York. |
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Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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00713260 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Malé, P.-J. G.; Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; email: pjg.male@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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533 |
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Traissac, S.; Pascal, J.-P. |
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Birth and life of tree aggregates in tropical forest: Hypotheses on population dynamics of an aggregated shade-tolerant species |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
491-502 |
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Clusters; Colonization strategy; Janzen-Connell; Spatial analysis; Spatial pattern; Vouacapoua americana |
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Questions: Several studies have described aggregated spatial patterns in tropical tree species. This study investigates aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet), a climax species whose spatial pattern is not simply related to light and soil conditions or to its short seed dispersal range. Location: Two rain forest sites: Nouragues and Paracou, in the Guiana Shield. Methods: We described the spatial pattern of tree locations and spatial autocorrelation of tree diameters, using statistics derived from Ripley's K. We particularly used methods to define analysis subplots according to local density or local mean diameter. We investigated relationships between spatial distributions of adults and saplings. Results: At both sites, populations of Vouacapoua demonstrated several nested levels of aggregation. Tree diameters were spatially autocorrelated, revealing the existence of clusters with similar diameters. In the largest aggregates, tree diameters declined from the centre to the edge. Regeneration was aggregated and occurred mainly at cluster edges and around rare isolated trees, and sapling densities and basal area of adults were negatively correlated. We show that long-distance dispersal events are rare. Conclusions: Environmental factors and seed dispersal only explain part of the observed spatial patterns. We provide two main hypotheses about Vouacapoua population dynamics. First, the lack of regeneration in aggregate centres results in the ageing of existing aggregates. We suggest that this lack of recruitment close to mature trees is due to a Janzen-Connell effect. However, aggregates can continue to grow along colonization fronts. Second, long-distance dispersal events allow the formation of new clusters and play a crucial role in the colonization process. We investigate aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) whose spatial pattern is not simply related to environmental conditions or to its seed dispersal. Regeneration does not occur in centers of aggregate of adults. We suggest that rare long-distance dispersal events and density-dependence predation of seeds and seedlings play a crucial role in formation of new clusters and structuration of larger aggregates. © 2013 International Association for Vegetation Science. |
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69100, France |
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11009233 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jvese; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Traissac, S.; AgroParisTech, UMR ECOlogie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, Kourou, 97387, France; email: stephane.traissac@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Fortunel, C.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Wood specific gravity and anatomy of branches and roots in 113 Amazonian rainforest tree species across environmental gradients |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
| Volume |
202 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
79-94 |
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Amazonian forests; Branch; Environmental gradients; Neotropical trees; Root; Wood anatomical traits; Wood density; Wood functions |
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Wood specific gravity (WSG) is a strong predictor of tree performance across environmental gradients. Yet it remains unclear how anatomical elements linked to different wood functions contribute to variation in WSG in branches and roots across tropical forests. We examined WSG and wood anatomy in white sand, clay terra firme and seasonally flooded forests in French Guiana, spanning broad environmental gradients found throughout Amazonia. We measured 15 traits relating to branches and small woody roots in 113 species representing the 15 most abundant species in each habitat and representative species from seven monophyletic lineages occurring in all habitats. Fiber traits appear to be major determinants of WSG, independent of vessel traits, in branches and roots. Fiber traits and branch and root WSG increased from seasonally flooded species to clay terra firme species and lastly to white sand species. Branch and root wood traits were strongly phylogenetically constrained. Lineages differed in wood design, but exhibited similar variation in wood structure across habitats. We conclude that tropical trees can invest differently in support and transport to respond to environmental conditions. Wind disturbance and drought stress represent significant filters driving tree distribution of Amazonian forests; hence we suggest that biophysical explanations should receive more attention. © 2013 New Phytologist Trust. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Nepha; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fortunel, C.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, Kourou Cedex, 97387, France; email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf; Funding Details: DEB-0743103, NSF, National Science Foundation; Funding Details: DEB-0743800, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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531 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Leaf synchrony and insect herbivory among tropical tree habitat specialists |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Plant Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Ecol. |
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215 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
209-220 |
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Escape; French Guiana; Herbivorous insects; Phenology; Resource availability; Time lag |
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Growth defense tradeoff theory predicts that plants in low-resource habitats invest more energy in defense mechanisms against natural enemies than growth, whereas plants in high-resource habitats can afford higher leaf loss rates. A less-studied defense against herbivores involves the synchrony of leaf production, which can be an effective defense strategy if leaf biomass production exceeds the capacity of consumption by insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether leaf synchrony varied across habitats with different available resources and whether insects were able to track young leaf production among tree habitat specialists in a tropical forest of French Guiana. We predicted that high-resource habitats would exhibit more synchrony in leaf production due to the low cost and investment to replace leaf tissue. We also expected closer patterns of leaf synchrony and herbivory within related species, assuming that they shared herbivores. We simultaneously monitored leaf production and herbivory rates of five pairs of tree species, each composed of a specialist of terra firme or white-sand forests within the same lineage. Our prediction was not supported by the strong interaction of habitat and lineage for leaf synchrony within individuals of the same species; although habitat specialists differed in leaf synchrony within four of five lineages, the direction of the effect was variable. All species showed short time lags for the correlation between leaf production and herbivory, suggesting that insects are tightly tracking leaf production, especially for the most synchronous species. Leaf synchrony may provide an important escape defense against herbivores, and its expression appears to be constrained by both evolutionary history and environmental factors. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States |
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13850237 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 24 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Plecf; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Lamarre, G. P. A.; Université Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana; email: greglamarre973@gmail.com; Funding Details: DEB-0743103/0743800, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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Rowland, L.; Hill, T.C.; Stahl, C.; Siebicke, L.; Burban, B.; Zaragoza-Castells, J.; Ponton, S.; Bonal, D.; Meir, P.; Williams, M. |
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Evidence for strong seasonality in the carbon storage and carbon use efficiency of an Amazonian forest |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Global Change Biol. |
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20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
979-991 |
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Carbon use efficiency; Dalec; Data assimilation; Ecosystem respiration; French Guiana; Seasonal carbon fluxes; Tropical forest |
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The relative contribution of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in the net carbon flux of tropical forests remains poorly quantified by both modelling and field studies. We use data assimilation to combine nine ecological time series from an eastern Amazonian forest, with mass balance constraints from an ecosystem carbon cycle model. The resulting analysis quantifies, with uncertainty estimates, the seasonal changes in the net carbon flux of a tropical rainforest which experiences a pronounced dry season. We show that the carbon accumulation in this forest was four times greater in the dry season than in the wet season and that this was accompanied by a 5% increase in the carbon use efficiency. This seasonal response was caused by a dry season increase in gross primary productivity, in response to radiation and a similar magnitude decrease in heterotrophic respiration, in response to drying soils. The analysis also predicts increased carbon allocation to leaves and wood in the wet season, and greater allocation to fine roots in the dry season. This study demonstrates implementation of seasonal variations in parameters better enables models to simulate observed patterns in data. In particular, we highlight the necessity to simulate the seasonal patterns of heterotrophic respiration to accurately simulate the net carbon flux seasonal tropical forest. © 2013 The Authors Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia |
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13541013 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 24 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rowland, L.; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, United Kingdom; email: lucy.rowland@ed.ac.uk; Funding Details: FT110100457, ARC, Australian Research Council; Funding Details: NE/F002149/1, NERC, Natural Environment Research Council; Funding Details: NE/J011002/1, NERC, Natural Environment Research Council |
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Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; d'Oliveira, M.V.N.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Logging in bamboo-dominated forests in southwestern Amazonia: Caveats and opportunities for smallholder forest management |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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315 |
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202-210 |
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Bamboo; Community forest management; Guadua; Logging; Timber management; Tropical forest |
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Guadua sarcocarpa and Guadua weberbaueri (Poaceae: Bambuseae) have a negative influence on tree regeneration and recruitment in bamboo-dominated forests of southwestern Amazonia. The lack of advanced regeneration and sparse canopy in this forest type present a considerable challenge for developing sustainable timber management plans. We conducted field studies in the Porto Dias Agroextractive Settlement Project in Acre, Brazil to assess influences of logging in bamboo-dominated forest sites. Taxonomic composition, stand structure, aboveground biomass, commercial timber volume, and commercial tree seedling and bamboo culm density were compared between five logged vs. unlogged sites in different landholdings, using modified 0.5. ha Gentry plots. No differences in taxonomic composition, aboveground biomass, adult and juvenile stem density, or woody seedling and bamboo culm density were detected between paired logged and unlogged sites. Commercial timber volume, however, was reduced by almost two-thirds in logged plots, suggesting that long-term timber management goals in this forest type are compromised since so few future crop trees remained onsite. Our findings indicate that in order to maximize local management objectives, community forest managers must approach logging in bamboo-dominated forests with caution. We suggest an integration of non-timber forest product extraction with low harvest intensity and low-impact logging, tending of natural regeneration, and diversification of commercial species. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 15 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecmd; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rockwell, C.A.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; email: rockwell_cara@yahoo.com; Funding Details: DGE-0221599, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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