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| Author |
Fargeon, H.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Brunaux, O.; Descroix, L.; Gaspard, R.; Guitet, S.; Rossi, V.; Herault, B. |
| Title |
Vulnerability of commercial tree species to water stress in logged forests of the Guiana shield |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Forests |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forests |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Climate change; Growth rates; Mortality rates; Paracou; Selective logging |
| Abstract |
The future of tropical managed forests is threatened by climate change. In anticipation of the increase in the frequency of drought episodes predicted by climatic models for intertropical regions, it is essential to study commercial trees' resilience and vulnerability to water stress by identifying potential interaction effects between selective logging and stress due to a lack of water. Focusing on 14 species representing a potential or acknowledged commercial interest for wood production in the Guiana Shield, a joint model coupling growth and mortality for each species was parametrized, including a climatic variable related to water stress and the quantity of aboveground biomass lost after logging. For the vast majority of the species, water stress had a negative impact on growth rate, while the impact of logging was positive. The opposite results were observed for the mortality. Combining results from growth and mortality models, we generate vulnerability profiles and ranking from species apparently quite resistant to water stress (Chrysophyllum spp., Goupia glabra Aubl., Qualea rosea Aubl.), even under logging pressure, to highly vulnerable species (Sterculia spp.). In light of our results, forest managers in the Guiana Shield may want to conduct (i) a conservation strategy of the most vulnerable species and (ii) a diversification of the logged species. Conservation of the already-adapted species may also be considered as the most certain way to protect the tropical forests under future climates. © 2016 by the authors. |
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Université de Yaoundé I, UMMISCO (UMI 209), Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Export Date: 11 June 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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682 |
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Vastra, M.; Salvin, P.; Roos, C. |
| Title |
MIC of carbon steel in Amazonian environment: Electrochemical, biological and surface analyses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
| Volume |
112 |
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98-107 |
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Biology; Electrochemistry; Mic; Short term; Surface analyses |
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In this study, the corrosion of S355 carbon steel was monitored for 50 days in equatorial environment. The experiments were conducted under three complementary approaches in a natural environment: (i) bacterial diversity was assessed with Miseq sequencing, (ii) observations of the surface and identifications of deposit compounds were realised with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrometry and EDX analyses, (iii) electrochemical measurements were used to calculate corrosion rate and to identify the phenomena which control corrosion. The results showed that the bacterial population had changed over immersion time from a dominance of β-proteobacteria to α-proteobacteria. This evolution decreased charge transfer resistance at the metal/deposit from 41.6 to 20.8 Ω/cm2 in 50 days, caused an increase in the corrosion rate by a factor of 2, from 0.13 to 0.27 mm/year. Surface analyses showed a progressive appearance of MIC markers in the deposit such as iron sulphide and manganese oxides that were detected after 30 days of immersion in the natural environment. In conclusion, this study describes in detail, the first stage of MIC activity on carbon steel surface in an equatorial brackish water, under aerobic conditions. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Laboratoire des Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, Université des Antilles, UMR ECOFOG, Campus Universitaire, Schœlcher, Martinique |
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Export Date: 1 June 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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681 |
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Wagner, F.H.; Herault, B.; Bonal, D.; Stahl, C.; Anderson, L.O.; Baker, T.R.; Sebastian Becker, G.; Beeckman, H.; Boanerges Souza, D.; Cesar Botosso, P.; Bowman, D.M.J.S.; Bräuning, A.; Brede, B.; Irving Brown, F.; Julio Camarero, J.; Camargo, P.B.; Cardoso, F.C.G.; Carvalho, F.A.; Castro, W.; Koloski Chagas, R.; Chave, J.; Chidumayo, E.N.; Clark, D.A.; Regina Capellotto Costa, F.; Couralet, C.; Henrique Da Silva Mauricio, P.; Dalitz, H.; Resende De Castro, V.; Milani, J.E.D.F.; Consuelo De Oliveira, E.; De Souza Arruda, L.; Devineau, J.L.; Drew, D.M.; Dünisch, O.; Durigan, G.; Elifuraha, E.; Fedele, M.; Ferreira Fedele, L.; Figueiredo Filho, A.; Finger, C.A.G.; César Franco, A.; Jnior, L.F.; Galvão, F.; Gebrekirstos, A.; Gliniars, R.; Maurício Lima De Alencastro Graça, P.; Griffiths, A.D.; Grogan, J.; Guan, K.; Homeier, J.; Raquel Kanieski, M.; Khoon Kho, L.; Koenig, J.; Valerio Kohler, S.; Krepkowski, J.; Lemos-Filho, J.P.; Lieberman, D.; Eugene Lieberman, M.; Sergio Lisi, C.; Longhi Santos, T.; Ayala, J.L.L.; Eijji Maeda, E.; Malhi, Y.; Maria, V.R.B.; Marques, M.C.M.; Marques, R.; Maza Chamba, H.; Mbwambo, L.; Liana Lisboa Melgaço, K.; Angela Mendivelso, H.; Murphy, B.P.; O'Brien, J.J.; F. Oberbauer, S.; Okada, N.; Plissier, R.; Prior, L.D.; Alejandro Roig, F.; Ross, M.; Rodrigo Rossatto, D.; Rossi, V.; Rowland, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Santana, H.; Schulze, M.; Selhorst, D.; Rodrigues Silva, W.; Silveira, M.; Spannl, S.; Swaine, M.D.; Toledo, J.J.; Miranda Toledo, M.; Toledo, M.; Toma, T.; Tomazello Filho, M.; Ignacio Valdez Hernández, J.; Verbesselt, J.; Aparecida Vieira, S.; Vincent, G.; Volkmer De Castilho, C.; Volland, F.; Worbes, M.; Lea Bolzan Zanon, M.; Aragão, L.E.O.C. |
| Title |
Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2537-2562 |
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The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1. Author(s) 2016. |
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College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 20 May 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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680 |
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Houel, E.; Nardella, F.; Jullian, V.; Valentin, A.; Vonthron-Sénécheau, C.; Villa, P.; Obrecht, A.; Kaiser, M.; Bourreau, E.; Odonne, G.; Fleury, M.; Bourdy, G.; Eparvier, V.; Deharo, E.; Stien, D. |
| Title |
Wayanin and guaijaverin, two active metabolites found in a Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC (syn. P. persoonii McVaugh) (Myrtaceae) antimalarial decoction from the Wayana Amerindians |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
| Volume |
187 |
Issue |
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Pages |
241-248 |
| Keywords |
Antimalarial; Cytokines; French guiana; Glycosylated flavonols; Psidium acutangulum; Traditional remedy |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC is a small tree used by the Wayana Amerindians from the Upper-Maroni in French Guiana for the treatment of malaria. Aim of the study In a previous study, we highlighted the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the traditional decoction of P. acutangulum aerial parts. Our goal was then to investigate on the origin of the biological activity of the traditional remedy, and eventually characterize active constituents. Materials and methods Liquid-liquid extractions were performed on the decoction, and the antiplasmodial activity evaluated against chloroquine-resistant FcB1 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) and 7G8 (pLDH bioassay) P. falciparum strains, and on a chloroquine sensitive NF54 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) P. falciparum strain. The ethyl acetate fraction (D) was active and underwent bioguided fractionation. All the isolated compounds were tested on P. falciparum FcB1 strain. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) of the ethyl acetate fraction and of an anti-Plasmodium active compound, was concurrently assessed on LPS-stimulated human PBMC and NO secretion inhibition was measured on LPS stimulated RAW murine macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the fractions and pure compounds was measured on VERO cells, L6 mammalian cells, PBMCs, and RAW cells. Results Fractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (IC50 ranging from 3.4 to <1 μg/mL depending on the parasite strain) led to the isolation of six pure compounds: catechin and five glycosylated quercetin derivatives. These compounds have never been isolated from this plant species. Two of these compounds (wayanin and guaijaverin) were found to be moderately active against P. falciparum FcB1 in vitro (IC50 5.5 and 6.9 μM respectively). We proposed the name wayanin during public meetings organized in June 2015 in the Upper-Maroni villages, in homage to the medicinal knowledge of the Wayana population. At 50 μg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction (D) significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion (-46%) and NO production (-21%), as previously observed for the decoction. The effects of D and guiajaverin (4) on the secretion of other cytokines or NO production were not significant. Conclusions The confirmed antiplasmodial activity of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the decoction and of the isolated compounds support the previous results obtained on the P. acutangulum decoction. The antiplasmodial activity might be due to a mixture of moderately active non-toxic flavonoids. The anti-inflammatory activities were less marked for ethyl acetate fraction (D) than for the decoction. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France |
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Export Date: 20 May 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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679 |
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Leitão, R.P.; Zuanon, J.; Villéger, S.; Williams, S.E.; Baraloto, C.; Fortunel, C.; Mendonça, F.P.; Mouillot, D. |
| Title |
Rare species contribute disproportionately to the functional structure of species assemblages |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
| Volume |
283 |
Issue |
1828 |
Pages |
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Conservation; Extinction; Functional diversity; Null models; Rarity index; Tropical biodiversity |
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There is broad consensus that the diversity of functional traits within species assemblages drives several ecological processes. It is also widely recognized that rare species are the first to become extinct following human-induced disturbances. Surprisingly, however, the functional importance of rare species is still poorly understood, particularly in tropical species-rich assemblages where the majority of species are rare, and the rate of species extinction can be high. Here, we investigated the consequences of local and regional extinctions on the functional structure of species assemblages. We used three extensive datasets (stream fish from the Brazilian Amazon, rainforest trees from French Guiana, and birds from the Australian Wet Tropics) and built an integrative measure of species rarity versuscommonness, combining local abundance, geographical range, andhabitat breadth. Using different scenarios of species loss, we found a disproportionate impact of rare species extinction for the three groups, with significant reductions in levels of functional richness, specialization, and originality of assemblages, which may severely undermine the integrity of ecological processes. The whole breadth of functional abilities within species assemblages, which is disproportionately supported by rare species, is certainly critical in maintaining ecosystems particularly under the ongoing rapid environmental transitions. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Presidente Figueiredo, Brazil |
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Export Date: 7 May 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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676 |
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Fayad, I.; Baghdadi, N.; Bailly, J.-S.; Barbier, N.; Gond, V.; Herault, B.; El Hajj, M.; Fabre, F.; Perrin, J. |
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Regional scale rain-forest height mapping using regression-kriging of spaceborne and airborne LiDAR data: Application on French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
240 |
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Airborne LiDAR; Canopy height mapping; Forests; French Guiana; ICESat GLAS |
| Abstract |
LiDAR data has been successfully used to estimate forest parameters such as canopy heights and biomass. Major limitation of LiDAR systems (airborne and spaceborne) arises from their limited spatial coverage. In this study, we present a technique for canopy height mapping using airborne and spaceborne LiDAR data (from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)). First, canopy heights extracted from both airborne and spaceborne LiDAR were extrapolated from available environmental data. The estimated canopy height maps using Random Forest (RF) regression from airborne or GLAS calibration datasets showed similar precisions (~6 m). To improve the precision of canopy height estimates, regression-kriging was used. Results indicated an improvement in terms of root mean square error (RMSE, from 6.5 to 4.2 m) using the GLAS dataset, and from 5.8 to 1.8 m using the airborne LiDAR dataset. Finally, in order to investigate the impact of the spatial sampling of future LiDAR missions on canopy height estimates precision, six subsets were derived from the initial airborne LiDAR dataset. Results indicated that using the regression-kriging approach a precision of 1.8 m on the canopy height map was achievable with a flight line spacing of 5 km. This precision decreased to 4.8 m for flight line spacing of 50 km. © 2016 by the authors. |
| Address |
BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, France |
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Export Date: 22 April 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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675 |
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Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Azémar, F.; Herault, B.; Corbara, B. |
| Title |
A cuckoo-like parasitic moth leads African weaver ant colonies to their ruin |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
23778 |
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In myrmecophilous Lepidoptera, mostly lycaenids and riodinids, caterpillars trick ants into transporting them to the ant nest where they feed on the brood or, in the more derived 'cuckoo strategy', trigger regurgitations (trophallaxis) from the ants and obtain trophic eggs. We show for the first time that the caterpillars of a moth (Eublemma albifascia; Noctuidae; Acontiinae) also use this strategy to obtain regurgitations and trophic eggs from ants (Oecophylla longinoda). Females short-circuit the adoption process by laying eggs directly on the ant nests, and workers carry just-hatched caterpillars inside. Parasitized colonies sheltered 44 to 359 caterpillars, each receiving more trophallaxis and trophic eggs than control queens. The thus-starved queens lose weight, stop laying eggs (which transport the pheromones that induce infertility in the workers) and die. Consequently, the workers lay male-destined eggs before and after the queen's death, allowing the colony to invest its remaining resources in male production before it vanishes. |
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Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 22 April 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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674 |
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Bossu, J.; Beauchene, J.; Estevez, Y.; Duplais, C.; Clair, B. |
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New insights on wood dimensional stability influenced by secondary metabolites: The case of a fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis aubl |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0150777 |
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Challenging evaluation of tropical forest biodiversity requires the reporting of taxonomic diversity but also the systematic characterization of wood properties in order to discover new promising species for timber industry. Among wood properties, the dimensional stability is regarded as a major technological characteristic to validate whether a wood species is adapted to commercial uses. Cell structure and organization are known to influence the drying shrinkage making wood density and microfibrils angle markers of choice to predict wood dimensional stability. On the contrary the role of wood extractive content remains unclear. This work focuses on the fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis and we report herein a correlation between heartwood drying shrinkage and extractive content. Chemical extractions and shrinkage experiments were performed on separate wood twin samples to better evaluate correctly how secondary metabolites influence the wood shrinkage behaviour. Extractive content were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. We found that B guianensis heartwood has a homogeneous low shrinkage along its radius that could not be explained only by its basic density. In fact the low drying shrinkage is correlated to the high extractive content and a corrected model to improve the prediction of wood dimensional stability is presented. Additionally NMR experiments conducted on sapwood and heartwood extracts demonstrate that secondary metabolites biosynthesis occurs in sapwood thus revealing B. guianensis as a Juglans-Type heartwood formation. This work demonstrates that B. guianensis, a fast-growing species associated with high durability and high dimensional stability, is a good candidate for lumber production and commercial purposes. © 2016 Bossu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 18 April 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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673 |
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Roussel, J.-R.; Clair, B. |
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Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiology |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1366-1377 |
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maturation stress generation; ontogeny; Simarouba amara Aubl.; tension wood cell wall; tree biomechanics |
| Abstract |
To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 25 March 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
672 |
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Amusant, N.; Digeon, A.; Descroix, L.; Bruneau, O.; Bezard, V.; Beauchene, J. |
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Planting rosewood for sustainable essential oil production: Influence of surrounding forest and seed provenance on tree growth and essential oil yields |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
| Volume |
326 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
57-65 |
| Keywords |
Aniba rosaeodora Ducke; Dendrometric traits; Essential oil yield; French Guiana; Light effect; Plantation; Rosewood; Seed provenance |
| Abstract |
Essential oil from the Amazonian rosewood tree (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is valued as an important aromatic ingredient in luxury perfumes. Due to over-harvesting in recent decades, rosewood is now listed as an endangered species. Rosewood tree planting is now considered a viable alternative to logging as it can support both reforestation and sustainable agriculture thanks to sales of the essential oil extracted. We planted 605 rosewood trees in French Guiana from two seeds of local provenance, in a 5 445 m2 plot surrounded by primary forest. Nine years after planting, we assessed the effect of the position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest and of the seed provenance on dendrometric traits (height, circumference, above ground woody biomass) and hence on the yield of essential oil. Measurements were made on 99 trees. Average growth rates for the young trees were 0.7 m/year in height, 2.5 cm/year in stem circumference and 990.5 kg dry mass/ha/year in aboveground biomass, while essential oil yields ranged from 0.6% to 3.6% with a mean of 2.1%. The position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest was the main factor affecting tree growth and essential oil production: trees located close to the surrounding forest were significantly smaller and accumulated less essential oil due to the reduced availability of light. Seed provenance had less effect on dendrometric traits and essential oil yields. In conclusion, although planting practices will need to be adapted to avoid the edge effects of proximity to the forest, short-rotation cultivation of rosewood trees could be the optimum and most economically attractive system for the production of essential oil. |
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Office National des Forêts (ONF), Département R and D, Pôle de Cayenne, Réserve de Montabo, BP 87002, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 7 March 2016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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670 |
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