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Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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10 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
4726-4738 |
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allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola |
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Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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963 |
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Lauth, J.; Ruiz-González, M.X.; Orivel, J. |
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New findings in insect fungiculture: Have ants developed non-food, agricultural products? |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Communicative & Integrative Biology |
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Comm & Integr Biol |
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4 |
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1942-0889 |
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728-730 |
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The interaction between Allomerus plant-ants and an ascomycete fungus growing on and strengthening their galleries is not opportunistic. We previously demonstrated that this association is highly specific as only one fungal species represented by a few haplotypes was found associated with the ants. We also discovered that the ants' behavior revealed a major investment in manipulating and enhancing the growth of their associated fungus. We have growing evidence that this specificity is consistent with selection by the ants. Here, we discuss this selection within the framework of insect agriculture, as we believe these ants fulfill all of the prerequisites to be considered as farmers. Allomerus ants promote their symbiont's growth, protect it from potential pathogens and select specific cultivars. Taken together, we think that the interaction between Allomerus ants and their cultivar might represent the first case of insect fungiculture used as a means of obtaining building material. |
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Landes Bioscience Inc. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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379 |
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Zaremski, A.; Gastonguay, L.; Zaremski, C.; Chaffanel, F.; Le Floch, G.; Beauchene, J. |
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Title |
Capacity of tropical forest soils of french guiana and réunion for depolluting the woods impregnated with biocides |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bois Forets Tropiques |
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67 |
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318 |
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51-58 |
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Bioremediation; Copper chromium arsenic(CCA) wood-destroying fungi; Depollution; Loss of mass; Pentachlorophenol(PCP); Treated timber; Tropical soil |
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Wood material for a long time was treated with fungicides or insecticides whose impact on the soil after leaching constitutes a real environmental problem. Nowadays, most of the studies on degradation of these toxic products was carried out with microorganisms which have been isolated in the laboratory. The present study sought to refine the knowledge vis-à-vis these microorganisms, especially wood-destroying fungi degrading pollutants in situ, from which few data are actually available. To decontaminate treated wood, the capacity of wooddestroying microorganisms from tropical forest soils of French Guiana and Reunion was evaluated to degrade toxic biocides. These are pentachlorophenol (PCP) and copper- chromium arsenic based compounds (CCA). Monitoring the degradation of samples of red pine, Pinus resinosa, shows that soils of French Guiana are more efficient than those of Reunion Island in terms of microbial activity vis-àvis these two biocides. A significant difference in loss of mass in specimens of red pine treated with CCA and PCP can range from single to double (respectively 18% and 30%). These findings confirm that CCA is less leacher and less degradable than the PCP by microorganisms in the soil. According to the scale of mass loss in laboratory tests, the wood so treated would be classified very not durable after three years of contact with soil, while the treatment is expected to be very durable. |
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Cirad Umr Ecofog, BP 701, 97387 Kourou cedex, France |
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Lavoisier |
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17775760 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 May 2014; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: French |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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540 |
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Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Sardans, Jordi ; Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad ; Klem, Karel ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Ramirez-Rojas, Irène ; Donald, Julian ; Leroy, Celine ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verbruggen, Erik ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Urban, Otmar ; Penuelas, Josep |
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Tree Species and Epiphyte Taxa Determine the “Metabolomic niche” of Canopy Suspended Soils in a Species-Rich Lowland Tropical Rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Metabolites |
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11 |
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11 |
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Bacteria, Canopy soils, Epiphyte, French Guiana, Metabolomics |
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Tropical forests are biodiversity hotspots, but it is not well understood how this diversity is structured and maintained. One hypothesis rests on the generation of a range of metabolic niches, with varied composition, supporting a high species diversity. Characterizing soil metabolomes can reveal fine-scale differences in composition and potentially help explain variation across these habitats. In particular, little is known about canopy soils, which are unique habitats that are likely to be sources of additional biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. We studied the effects of diverse tree species and epiphytes on soil metabolomic profiles of forest floor and canopy suspended soils in a French Guianese rainforest. We found that the metabolomic profiles of canopy suspended soils were distinct from those of forest floor soils, differing between epiphyte-associated and non-epiphyte suspended soils, and the metabolomic profiles of suspended soils varied with host tree species, regardless of association with epiphyte. Thus, tree species is a key driver of rainforest suspended soil metabolomics. We found greater abundance of metabolites in suspended soils, particularly in groups associated with plants, such as phenolic compounds, and with metabolic pathways related to amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism, due to the greater relative proportion of tree and epiphyte organic material derived from litter and root exudates, indicating a strong legacy of parent biological material. Our study provides evidence for the role of tree and epiphyte species in canopy soil metabolomic composition and in maintaining the high levels of soil metabolome diversity in this tropical rainforest. It is likely that a wide array of canopy microsite-level environmental conditions, which reflect interactions between trees and epiphytes, increase the microscale diversity in suspended soil metabolomes |
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MDPI |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1041 |
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Marti, G.; Eparvier, V.; Litaudon, M.; Grellier, P.; Gueritte, F. |
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A New Xanthone from the Bark Extract of Rheedia acuminata and Antiplasmodial Activity of Its Major Compounds |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Molecules |
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Molecules |
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15 |
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10 |
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7106-7114 |
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Rheedia acuminata, Clusiaceae; xanthones; antiplasmodial activity; cytotoxicity |
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Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate bark extract of Rheedia acuminata led to the isolation of the new compound 1,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-geranyl-xanthone (1), together with four known compounds 2-5. These compounds were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1) and for their cytotoxicity against the human diploid embryonic lung cell line MRC-5. |
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[Eparvier, Veronique] CNRS, UPS2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: guillaume.marti@icsn.cnrs-gif.fr |
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MDPI AG |
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1420-3049 |
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ISI:000283587400030 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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282 |
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Aguilos, M.; Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Hérault, B.; Courtois, E.; Coste, S.; Wagner, F.; Ziegler, C.; Takagi, K.; Bonal, D. |
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Interannual and seasonal variations in ecosystem transpiration and water use efficiency in a tropical rainforest |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Forests |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forests |
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10 |
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1 |
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Drought; Evapotranspiration; Radiation; Tropical rainforest; Water use efficiency; Atmospheric radiation; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Drought; Efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Heat radiation; Radiation effects; Soil moisture; Tropics; Water supply; Climate condition; Drought conditions; Interannual variability; Mechanistic models; Seasonal variation; Tropical ecosystems; Tropical rain forest; Water use efficiency; Ecosystems |
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Warmer and drier climates over Amazonia have been predicted for the next century with expected changes in regional water and carbon cycles. We examined the impact of interannual and seasonal variations in climate conditions on ecosystem-level evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) to determine key climatic drivers and anticipate the response of these ecosystems to climate change. We used daily climate and eddyflux data recorded at the Guyaflux site in French Guiana from 2004 to 2014. ET and WUE exhibited weak interannual variability. The main climatic driver of ET and WUE was global radiation (Rg), but relative extractable water (REW) and soil temperature (Ts) did also contribute. At the seasonal scale, ET and WUE showed a modal pattern driven by Rg, with maximum values for ET in July and August and for WUE at the beginning of the year. By removing radiation effects during water depleted periods, we showed that soil water stress strongly reduced ET. In contrast, drought conditions enhanced radiation-normalized WUE in almost all the years, suggesting that the lack of soil water had a more severe effect on ecosystem evapotranspiration than on photosynthesis. Our results are of major concern for tropical ecosystem modeling because they suggest that under future climate conditions, tropical forest ecosystems will be able to simultaneously adjust CO2 and H2O fluxes. Yet, for tropical forests under future conditions, the direction of change in WUE at the ecosystem scale is hard to predict, since the impact of radiation on WUE is counterbalanced by adjustments to soil water limitations. Developing mechanistic models that fully integrate the processes associated with CO2 and H2O flux control should help researchers understand and simulate future functional adjustments in these ecosystems. |
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Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan |
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Mdpi Ag |
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19994907 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 February 2019; Correspondence Address: Bonal, D.; Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR SilvaFrance; email: damien.bonal@inra.fr; References: Von Randow, C., Zeri, M., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Muza, M.N., de Gonçalves, L.G.G., Costa, M.H., Araujo, A.C., Saleska, S.R., Interannual variability of carbon and water fluxes in Amazonian forest, Cerrado and pasture sites, as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models (2013) Agric. For. Meteorol, 182-183, pp. 145-155; Duffy, P.B., Brando, P., Asner, G.P., Field, C.B., Projections of future meteorological drought and wet periods in the Amazon (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 13172-13177; Cox, P.M., Betts, R.A., Collins, M., Harris, P.P., Huntingford, C., Jones, C.D., Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century (2004) Theor. Appl. Climatol, 78, pp. 137-156; Poulter, B., Hattermann, F., Hawkins, E., Zaehle, S., Sitch, S., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Heyder, U., Cramer, W., Robust dynamics of Amazon dieback to climate change with perturbed ecosystem model parameters (2010) Glob. Chang. Biol, 16, pp. 2476-2495; Saleska, S.R., Didan, K., Huete, A.R., Da Rocha, H.R., Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought (2007) Science, 318, p. 612; Phillips, O.L., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Lewis, S.L., Fisher, J.B., Lloyd, J., López-González, G., Malhi, Y., Quesada, C.A., Drought sensitivity of the amazon rainforest (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1344-1347; Bonal, D., Burban, B., Stahl, C., Wagner, F., Hérault, B., The response of tropical rainforests to drought-Lessons from recent research and future prospects (2016) Ann. For. Sci, 73, pp. 27-44; Wang, K.C., Dickinson, R.E., A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability (2012) Rev. Geophys, p. 50; Fisher, R.A., Williams, M., da Costa, A.L., Malhi, Y., da Costa, R.F., Almeida, S., Meir, P., The response of an Eastern Amazonian rain forest to drought stress: Results and modelling analyses from a throughfall exclusion experiment (2007) Glob. Chang. Biol, 13, pp. 2361-2378; Costa, M.H., Biajoli, M.C., Sanches, L., Malhado, A.C.M., Hutyra, L.R., Da Rocha, H.R., Aguiar, R.G., De Araújo, A.C., Atmospheric versus vegetation controls of Amazonian tropical rain forest evapotranspiration: Are the wet and seasonally dry rain forests any different? (2010) J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci, 115, pp. 1-9; Carswell, F.E., Costa, A.L., Palheta, M., Malhi, Y., Meir, P., Costa, J.D.P.R., Ruivo, M.D.L., Clement, R.J., Seasonality in CO2 and H2O flux at an eastern Amazonian rain forest (2002) J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos, 107, p. 8076; Hasler, N., Avissar, R., What controls evapotranspiration in the Amazon basin? (2007) J. Hydrometeorol, 8, pp. 380-395; Da Rocha, H.R., Manzi, A.O., Cabral, O.M., Miller, S.D., Goulden, M.L., Saleska, S.R., Coupe, N.R., Artaxo, R., Patterns of water and heat flux across a biome gradient from tropical forest to savanna in brazil (2009) J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci, p. 114; Kim, Y., Knox, R.G., Longo, M., Medvigy, D., Hutyra, L.R., Pyle, E.H., Wofsy, S.C., Moorcroft, P.R., Seasonal carbon dynamics and water fluxes in an Amazon rainforest (2012) Glob. Chang. Biol, 18, pp. 1322-1334; Maeda, E.E., Ma, X., Wagner, F.H., Kim, H., Oki, T., Eamus, D., Huete, A., Evapotranspiration seasonality across the Amazon Basin (2017) Earth Syst. Dyn, 8, pp. 439-454; Farquhar, G.D., Ehleringer, J.R., Hubick, K.T., Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis (1989) Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol, 40, pp. 503-537; Hutyra, L.R., Munger, J.W., Saleska, S.R., Gottlieb, E., Daube, B.C., Dunn, A.L., Amaral, D.F., Wofsy, S.C., Seasonal controls on the exchange of carbon and water in an Amazonian rain forest (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci; Negrón Juárez, R.I., Hodnett, M.G., Fu, R., Gouden, M.L., von Randow, C., Control of dry season evapotranspiration over the Amazonian forest as inferred from observation at a Southern Amazon forest site (2007) J. Clim, 20, pp. 2827-2839; Fisher, J.B., Malhi, Y., Bonal, D., Da Rocha, H.R., De Araújo, A.C., Gamo, M., Goulden, M.L., Kondo, H., The land-atmosphere water flux in the tropics (2009) Glob. Chang. Biol; Christoffersen, B.O., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Arain, M.A., Baker, I.T., Cestaro, B.P., Ciais, P., Fisher, J.B., Gulden, L., Mechanisms of water supply and vegetation demand govern the seasonality and magnitude of evapotranspiration in Amazonia and Cerrado (2014) Agric. For. Meteorol, 191, pp. 33-50; Da Costa, A.C.L., Rowland, L., Oliveira, R.S., Oliveira, A.A.R., Binks, O.J., Salmon, Y., Vasconcelos, S.S., Poyatos, R., Stand dynamics modulate water cycling and mortality risk in droughted tropical forest (2018) Glob. Chang. Biol; Huang, M., Piao, S., Sun, Y., Ciais, P., Cheng, L., Mao, J., Poulter, B., Wang, Y., Change in terrestrial ecosystem water-use efficiency over the last three decades (2015) Glob. Chang. Biol; Brienen, R.J.W., Wanek, W., Hietz, P., Stable carbon isotopes in tree rings indicate improved water use efficiency and drought responses of a tropical dry forest tree species (2011) Trees, 25, pp. 103-113; Yu, G., Song, X., Wang, Q., Liu, Y., Guan, D., Yan, J., Sun, X., Wen, X., Water-use efficiency of forest ecosystems in eastern China and its relations to climatic variables (2008) New Phytol, 177, pp. 927-937; Aguilos, M., Hérault, B., Burban, B., Wagner, F., Bonal, D., What drives long-term variations in carbon flux and balance in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana? Agric (2018) For. Meteorol, pp. 253-254; Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Ponton, S., Goret, J.Y., Burban, B.T., Gross, P., Bonnefond, J.M., Epron, D., Impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana (2008) Glob. Chang. Biol; Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannik, U., Moncrieff, J.B., Foken, T., Kowalski, A.S., Bernhofer, C., Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: The Euroflux methodology (2000) Adv. Ecol. Res, 30, pp. 113-175; Wagner, F., Hérault, B., Stahl, C., Bonal, D., Rossi, V., Modeling water availability for trees in tropical forests (2011) Agric. For. Meteorol, 151, pp. 1202-1213; Kuglitsch, F.G., Reichstein, M., Beer, C., Carrara, A., Ceulemans, R., Granier, A., Janssens, I.A., Loustau, D., Characterisation of ecosystem water-use efficiency of european forests from eddy covariance measurements (2008) Biogeosci. Discuss, 5, pp. 4481-4519; Dekker, S.C., Groenendijk, M., Booth, B.B.B., Huntingford, C., Cox, P.M., Spatial and temporal variations in plant water-use efficiency inferred from tree-ring, eddy covariance and atmospheric observations (2016) Earth Syst. Dyn, 7, pp. 525-533; Yang, Y., Guan, H., Batelaan, O., McVicar, T.R., Long, D., Piao, S., Liang, W., Simmons, C.T., Contrasting responses of water use efficiency to drought across global terrestrial ecosystems (2016) Sci. Rep, 6, p. 23284; Granier, A., Bréda, N., Biron, P., Villette, S., A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands (1999) Ecol. Model, 116, pp. 269-283; Kume, T., Takizawa, H., Yoshifuji, N., Tanaka, K., Tantasirin, C., Tanaka, N., Suzuki, M., Impact of soil drought on sap flow and water status of evergreen trees in a tropical monsoon forest in northern Thailand (2007) For. Ecol. Manag, 238, pp. 220-230; Xiao, J., Sun, G., Chen, J., Chen, H., Chen, S., Dong, G., Gao, S., Han, S., Carbon fluxes, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in China (2013) Agric. For. Meteorol; Boese, S., Jung, M., Carvalhais, N., Reichstein, M., The importance of radiation for semi-empirical water-use efficiency models (2017) Biogeosciences, 14, pp. 3015-3026; Bonal, D., Ponton, S., Le Thiec, D., Richard, B., Ningre, N., Hérault, B., Ogée, J., Sabatier, D., Leaf functional response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last century in two northern Amazonian tree species: An historical δ13C and δ18O approach using herbarium samples (2011) Plant Cell Environ, 34, pp. 1332-1344; Wagner, F., Rossi, V., Stahl, C., Bonal, D., Hérault, B., Water availability is the main climate driver of neotropical tree growth (2012) PLoS ONE, 7; Van der Molen, M.K., Dolman, A.J., Ciais, P., Eglin, T., Gobron, N., Law, B.E., Meir, P., Reichstein, M., Drought and ecosystem carbon cycling (2011) Agric. For. Meteorol, 151, pp. 765-773; Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Hogg, E.H., A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests (2010) For. Ecol. Manag, 259, pp. 660-684; Da Rocha, H.R., Goulden, M.L., Miller, S.D., Menton, M.C., Pinto, L.D., De Freitas, H.C., Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia (2004) Ecol. Appl, 14, pp. 22-32; Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S., Anthoni, P., Evans, R., FLUXNET: A New tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities (2001) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, 82, pp. 2415-2434; Stahl, C., Hérault, B., Rossi, V., Burban, B., Bréchet, C., Bonal, D., Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: Does tree dimension matter? (2013) Oecologia, 173, pp. 1191-1201; Nepstad, D.C., De Carvalho, C.R., Davidson, E.A., Jipp, P.H., Lefebvre, P.A., Negreiros, G.H., Da Silva, E.D., Vieira, S., The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures (1994) Nature; Lee, J.-E., Boyce, K., Impact of the hydraulic capacity of plants on water and carbon fluxes in tropical South America (2010) J. Geophys. Res; Xiao, X., Zhang, Q., Saleska, S., Hutyra, L., De Camargo, P., Wofsy, S., Frolking, S., Moore, B., Satellite-based modeling of gross primary production in a seasonally moist tropical evergreen forest (2005) Remote Sens. Environ, 94, pp. 105-122; Wagner, F.H., Hérault, B., Bonal, D., Stahl, C., Anderson, L.O., Baker, T.R., Becker, G.S., Botosso, P.C., Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests (2016) Biogeosciences, 13, pp. 2537-2562; Stahl, C., Burban, B., Wagner, F., Goret, J.-Y., Bompy, F., Bonal, D., Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees (2013) Biotropica, 45, pp. 155-164; Maréchaux, I., Bonal, D., Bartlett, M.K., Burban, B., Coste, S., Courtois, E.A., Dulormne, M., Mirabel, A., Dry-season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest (2018) Funct. Ecol, 32, pp. 2285-2297; Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P., Pereira, J.S., Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant (2003) Funct. Plant Biol, 30, pp. 239-264 |
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Lehnebach, R.; Bossu, J.; Va, S.; Morel, H.; Amusant, N.; Nicolini, E.; Beauchene, J. |
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Title |
Wood density variations of legume trees in French Guiana along the shade tolerance continuum: Heartwood effects on radial patterns and gradients |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Forests |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forests |
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10 |
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2 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; Growth-mortality rate; Heartwood; Heartwood extractives; Legumes; Sapwood; Shade tolerance; Tropical tree species; Wood density variations |
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Increasing or decreasing wood density (WD) from pith to bark is commonly observed in tropical tree species. The different types of WD radial variations, long been considered to depict the diversity of growth and mechanical strategies among forest guilds (heliophilic vs. shade-tolerant), were never analyzed in the light of heartwood (HW) formation. Yet, the additional mass of chemical extractives associated to HW formation increases WD and might affect both WD radial gradient (i.e., the slope of the relation between WD and radial distance) and pattern (i.e., linear or nonlinear variation). We studied 16 legumes species from French Guiana representing a wide diversity of growth strategies and positions on the shade-tolerance continuum. Using WD measurements and available HW extractives content values, we computed WD corrected by the extractive content and analyzed the effect of HW on WD radial gradients and patterns. We also related WD variations to demographic variables, such as sapling growth and mortality rates. Regardless of the position along the shade-tolerance continuum, correcting WD gradients reveals only increasing gradients. We determined three types of corrected WD patterns: (1) the upward curvilinear pattern is a specific feature of heliophilic species, whereas (2) the linear and (3) the downward curvilinear patterns are observed in both mid- and late-successional species. In addition, we found that saplings growth and mortality rates are better correlated with the corrected WD at stem center than with the uncorrected value: taking into account the effect of HW extractives on WD radial variations provides unbiased interpretation of biomass accumulation and tree mechanical strategies. Rather than a specific feature of heliophilic species, the increasing WD gradient is a shared strategy regardless of the shade tolerance habit. Finally, our study stresses to consider the occurrence of HW when using WD. |
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Ecology of Guianan Forests (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, French Agricultural Research and International Cooperation Organization (CIRAD), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, 97310, France |
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Export Date: 1 February 2019; Correspondence Address: Lehnebach, R.; Laboratory of Botany and Modeling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation (AMAP), French Agricultural Research and International Cooperation Organization (CIRAD)France; email: romain.lehnebach@cirad.fr; Funding details: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Funding details: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Funding text 1: The authors thank Grégoire Vincent, Jean-François Molino, and Daniel Sabatier for providing demographical data.). The French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) funded Romain Lehnebach PhD scholarship. This research project was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, no 31703) and benefits from an 'Investissements d'Avenir' grant managed by the French National Research Agency (CEBA, ref. 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Ecol, 29, pp. 111-120; Hillis, W.E., Secondary Changes in Wood (1977) In The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood, 11, pp. 247-309. , Loewus, F., Runeckles, V.C., Eds.; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA; Hillis, W.E., (1987) Heartwood and Tree Exudates, , Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany; Yang, K.C., (1990) The Ageing Process of Sapwood Ray Parenchyma Cells in Four Woody Species, , Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Royer, M., Stien, D., Beauchêne, J., Herbette, G., McLean, J.P., Thibaut, A., Thibaut, B., Extractives of the tropical wood wallaba (Eperua falcata Aubl.) as natural anti-swelling agents (2010) Holzforschung, 64, pp. 211-215; Amusant, N., Moretti, C., Richard, B., Prost, E., Nuzillard, J.M., Thévenon, M.F., Chemical compounds from Eperua falcata and Eperua grandiflora heartwood and their biological activities against wood destroying fungus (Coriolus versicolor) (2006) Holz Roh Werkst, 65, pp. 23-28; Lehnebach, R., (2015) Variabilité Ontogénique du Profil Ligneux chez les Légumineuses de Guyane Française, , Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Sabatier, D., Prévost, M.F., Quelques données sur la composition floristique, et la diversite des peuplements forestiers de guyane francaise (1990) Bois For. 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Taureau, F.; Robin, M.; Proisy, C.; Fromard, F.; Imbert, D.; Debaine, F. |
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Mapping the mangrove forest canopy using spectral unmixing of very high spatial resolution satellite images |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sens. |
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11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
367 |
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Keywords |
Forest structure; Guadeloupe; Hemispherical photographs; Mangrove; Mayotte; New Caledonia; Remote sensing; Image resolution; Photography; Photomapping; Pixels; Remote sensing; Satellites; Vegetation; Forest structure; Guadeloupe; Hemispherical photographs; Mangrove; Mayotte; New Caledonia; Forestry |
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Despite the lowtree diversity and scarcity of the understory vegetation, the high morphological plasticity of mangrove trees induces, at the stand level, a very large variability of forest structures that need to be mapped for assessing the functioning of such complex ecosystems. Fully constrained linear spectral unmixing (FCLSU) of very high spatial resolution (VHSR) multispectral images was tested to fine-scale map mangrove zonations in terms of horizontal variation of forest structure. The study was carried out on three Pleiades-1A satellite images covering French island territories located in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, namely Guadeloupe, Mayotte, and New Caledonia archipelagos. In each image, FCLSU was trained from the delineation of areas exclusively related to four components including either pure vegetation, soil (ferns included), water, or shadows. It was then applied to the whole mangrove cover imaged for each island and yielded the respective contributions of those four components for each image pixel. On the forest stand scale, the results interestingly indicated a close correlation between FCLSU-derived vegetation fractions and canopy closure estimated from hemispherical photographs R 2 = 0.95) and a weak relation with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (R 2 = 0.29). Classification of these fractions also offered the opportunity to detect and map horizontal patterns of mangrove structure in a given site. K-means classifications of fraction indeed showed a global view of mangrove structure organization in the three sites, complementary to the outputs obtained from spectral data analysis. Our findings suggest that the pixel intensity decomposition applied to VHSR multispectral satellite images can be a simple but valuable approach for (i) mangrove canopy monitoring and (ii) mangrove forest structure analysis in the perspective of assessing mangrove dynamics and productivity. As with Lidar-based surveys, these potential new mapping capabilities deserve further physically based interpretation of sunlight scattering mechanisms within forest canopy. © 2019 by the authors. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), INRA, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, 97310, France |
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Export Date: 25 February 2019; Correspondence Address: Taureau, F.; Université de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6554 Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique, Campus TertreFrance; email: florent.taureau@univ-nantes.fr; Funding details: Université de Nantes; Funding text 1: Funding: A part of this study was funded by the French Coastal Conservancy Institute. It was conducted as part of the PhD work of Florent Taureau supported by the University of Nantes.; References: Duke, N.C., Mangrove Coast (2014) Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, pp. 1-17. , Harff, J., Meschede, M., Petersen, S., Thiede, J., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Germany; Feller, I.C., Lovelock, C.E., Berger, U., McKee, K.L., Joye, S.B., Ball, M.C., Biocomplexity in Mangrove Ecosystems (2010) Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci, 2, pp. 395-417; Krauss, K.W., Lovelock, C.E., McKee, K.L., López-Hoffman, L., Ewe, S.M., Sousa, W.P., Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review (2008) Aquat. 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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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861 |
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Ruiz-González, M.X.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Carrión, A.D.A.; Orivel, J. |
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Do host plant and associated ant species affect microbial communities in myrmecophytes? |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Insects |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insects |
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10 |
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11 |
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391 |
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Allomerus decemarticulatus; Allomerus octoarticulatus; Azteca sp; Cf; Cordia nodosa; Depilis; Domatia; Hirtella physophora; Microbial diversity |
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Ant-associated microorganisms can play crucial and often overlooked roles, and given the diversity of interactions that ants have developed, the study of the associated microbiomes is of interest. We focused here on specialist plant-ant species of the genus Allomerus that grow a fungus to build galleries on their host-plant stems. Allomerus-inhabited domatia, thus, might be a rich arena for microbes associated with the ants, the plant, and the fungus. We investigated the microbial communities present in domatia colonised by four arboreal ants: Allomerus decemarticulatus, A. octoarticulatus, A. octoarticulatus var. demerarae, and the non-fungus growing plant-ant Azteca sp. cf. depilis, inhabiting Hirtella physophora or Cordia nodosa in French Guiana. We hypothesized that the microbial community will differ among these species. We isolated microorganisms from five colonies of each species, sequenced the 16S rRNA or Internal TranscribedSpacer (ITS) regions, and described both the alpha and beta diversities. We identified 69 microbial taxa, which belong to five bacterial and two fungal phyla. The most diverse phyla were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The microbial community of Azteca cf. depilis and Allomerus spp. differed in composition and richness. Geographical distance affected microbial communities and richness but plant species did not. Actinobacteria were only associated with Allomerus spp. |
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Biodiversity Genomics Team, Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China |
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Export Date: 18 November 2019; Correspondence Address: Ruiz-González, M.X.; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Ecuador; email: marioxruizgonzalez@gmail.com |
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Barassé, V.; Touchard, A.; Téné, N.; Tindo, M.; Kenne, M.; Klopp, C.; Dejean, A.; Bonnafé, E.; Treilhou, M. |
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The peptide venom composition of the fierce stinging ant tetraponera aethiops (formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Toxins |
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Toxins |
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11 |
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12 |
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732 |
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Defensive venom; Dimeric peptides; Peptidome; Tetraponera aethiops |
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In the mutualisms involving certain pseudomyrmicine ants and different myrmecophytes (i.e., plants sheltering colonies of specialized “plant-ant” species in hollow structures), the ant venom contributes to the host plant biotic defenses by inducing the rapid paralysis of defoliating insects and causing intense pain to browsing mammals. Using integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we identified the venom peptidome of the plant-ant Tetraponera aethiops (Pseudomyrmecinae). The transcriptomic analysis of its venom glands revealed that 40% of the expressed contigs encoded only seven peptide precursors related to the ant venom peptides from the A-superfamily. Among the 12 peptide masses detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nine mature peptide sequences were characterized and confirmed through proteomic analysis. These venom peptides, called pseudomyrmecitoxins (PSDTX), share amino acid sequence identities with myrmeciitoxins known for their dual offensive and defensive functions on both insects and mammals. Furthermore, we demonstrated through reduction/alkylation of the crude venom that four PSDTXs were homo- and heterodimeric. Thus, we provide the first insights into the defensive venom composition of the ant genus Tetraponera indicative of a streamlined peptidome. |
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CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France |
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